Dio's Rome, Volume 5 / An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During The Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: and Now Presented in
Date: 2004-01-02T00:00:00+00:00
Keywords: Rome -- History

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Title: Dio's Rome, Volume 5

Author: Cassius Dio Cocceianus

Translator: Herbert Baldwin Foster

Release date: January 1, 2004 [eBook #10890]
Most recently updated: December 23, 2020

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DIO'S ROME, VOLUME 5 ***

DIO'S ROME

AN

HISTORICAL NARRATIVE ORIGINALLY COMPOSED IN GREEK
DURING THE REIGNS OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, GETA AND CARACALLA, MACRINUS, ELAGABALUS AND ALEXANDER SEVERUS:

AND

NOW PRESENTED IN ENGLISH FORM

BY

HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER,
A.B. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins),
Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University

FIFTH VOLUME: Extant Books 61-76 (A.D. 54-211).

1906

VOLUME CONTENTS

Book 61 | Book 62 | Book 63 | Book 64 | Book 65 | Book 66 | Book 67 | Book 68
Book 69 | Book 70 | Book 71 | Book 73 | Book 74 | Book 75 | Book 76 | Book 77

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

61

Nero seizes the sovereignty (chapters 1, 2 ).

At the beginning he is accustomed to yield to the influence of his mother, whom Seneca and Burrus thrust aside from control of affairs (chapters 3 ).

Nero's exhibitions of wantonness and his extravagance : the death of Silanus (chapters 4, 5, 6 ).

Love for Acte : Britannicus slain : discord with Agrippina (chapters 7 , 8 ).

How Nero's mind began to give way (chapter 9 ).

About the faults and immoralities of the philosopher Seneca (chapter 10 ).

Sabina an object of love : Agrippina murdered (chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ).

Domitia put to death : festivities : Nero sings to the accompaniment of his lyre (chapters 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ).

DURATION OF TIME

M. Asinius Marcellus, Manius Acilius Aviola.
(A.D. 54 = a.u. 807 = First of Nero, from Oct. 13th).

Nero Caesar Aug., L. Antistius Vetus.
(A.D. 55 = a.u. 808 = Second of Nero).

Q. Volusius Saturninus, P. Cornelius Scipio.
(A.D. 56 = a.u. 809 = Third of Nero).

Nero Caesar Aug. (II), L. Calpurnius Piso.
(A.D. 57 = a.u. 810 = Fourth of Nero).

Nero Caesar Aug. (III), M. Valerius Messala.
(A.D. 58 = a.u. 811 = Fifth of Nero).

C. Vipsanius Apronianus, L. Fonteius Capito.
(A.D. 59 = a.u. 812 = Sixth of Nero).

Nero Caesar Aug. (IV), Cornelius Lentulus Cossus.
(A.D. 60 = a.u. 813 = Seventh of Nero).

A.D. 54 (a.u. 807)

1

2

3

4

you
you

5

6

A.D. 55 (a.u. 808)

7

8

9

A.D. 56 (a.u. 809)

1

A.D. 57 (a.u. 810)

2

A.D. 58 (a.u. 811)

10

A.D. 59 (a.u. 811)

11

A.D. 59 (a.u. 812)

12

13

3

14

15

16

At Nero's entrance into Rome they took down the statues of Agrippina. But there was one which they did not cut loose soon enough, and so they threw over it a cloth which gave it the appearance of being veiled. Thereupon somebody at once affixed to the statue the following inscription: "I am abashed and thou art unashamed."

"Nero, Orestes, Alemeon, matricides."

17

18

Macellum

19

20

4

5

A.D. 60 (a.u. 813)

21

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

62

About the disaster to the Romans in Britain, brought upon them by Buduica (chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ).

Paulinus, returning from subduing the island of Mona, conquers in battle (chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ).

Octavia Augusta and Burrus, likewise Plautus and Pallas, are put to death by Nero (chapters 13, 14 ).

Most swinish reveling at the games of Tigillinus (chapter 15 ).

How Nero set the city on fire (chapters 16, 17, 18 ).

The uprightness of Corbulo: proceedings against Vologaesus and Tiridates (chapters 19, 20 ).

Misfortune attends the endeavors of Paetus: Vologaesus forms a compact with Corbulo (chapters 21, 22, 23 ).

Seneca, Soranus, Thrasea, Sabina are put to death: Musonius and Cornutus are banished (chapters 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 ).

DURATION OF TIME

Nero Aug. (IV), Cornelius Cossus Cossi F. Lentulus.
(A.D. 60 = a.u. 813 = Seventh of Nero, from Oct. 13th).

Caesonius Paetus, P. Petronius Turpilianus.
(A.D. 61 = a.u 814 = Eighth of Nero).

P. Marius Celsus, L. Asinius Gallus.
(A.D. 62 = a.u. 815 = Ninth of Nero).

C. Memmius Regulus, L. Verginius Rufus.
(A.D. 63 = a.u. 816 = Tenth of Nero).

C. Lecanius Bassus, M. Licinius Crassus Frugi.
(A.D. 64 = a.u. 817 = Eleventh of Nero).

A. Licinius Nerva Silanus, M. Vestinus Atticus.
(A.D. 65 = a.u. 818 = Twelfth of Nero).

A.D. 61 (a.u. 814)

1

6

2

casus belli
7
8
9

3

4

10

5

11

6

12
woman

7

8

9

10

11

12

A.D. 62 (a.u. 815)

13

13

"My mistress's privy parts are cleaner, Tigillinus, than your mouth."

14

14

A.D. 63 (a.u. 816)

15

Indeed, when many of those who had gathered at Antium perished, Nero made that, too, an occasion for a festival.
A certain Thrasea gave his opinion to the effect that for a senator the extreme penalty should be exile.

A.D. 64 (a.u. 817)

16

17

18

"Thrice three hundred cycles of tireless years being ended, Civil strife shall the Romans destroy." [15]

"Last of the sons of Aeneas a matricide shall govern."

19

20

21

22

23

16

A.D. 65 (a.u. 818)

24

25

26

27

17
18
19

28

liberti

While Nero had Sporus the eunuch as a wife, one of his associates in Rome, who had made a specialty of philosophy, on being asked whether the marriage and cohabitation in question met with his approval replied: "You do well, Caesar, to seek the company of such wives. If only your father had had the same ambition and had dwelt with a similar consort!"--indicating that if this had been the case, Nero would not have been born, and the government would have been relieved of great evils.

29

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

63

Nero, receiving Tiridates with imposing state, places a crown upon his head (chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ).

He journeys to Greece in order to become Periodonikes (chapters 8, 9, 10 ).

With the help of Tigillinus and Crispinilla he lays Greece waste: Helius and Polycletus perform the same office for Rome and Italy (chapters 11, 12 ).

Nero's marriages and abominations with Sporus and Pythagoras (chapter 13 ).

His victories and proclamation: frenzy against Apollo: hatred toward the senators (chapters 14, 15 ).

Digging a canal through the Isthmus (chapter 16 ).

Demise of the Scribonii, of Corbulo, of Paris, of the Sulpicii (chapters 17, 18 ).

At the solicitation of Helius, Nero returning conducts an Iselasticum triumph (chapters 19, 20, 21 ).

Vindex's conspiracy against Nero, and his extinction (chapters 22, 23, 24 ).

Rufus, saluted as Caesar and Augustus, refuses the sovereignty (chapter 25 ).

Nero's flight and demise (chapters 26, 27, 28, 29 ).

DURATION OF TIME

C. Lucius Telesinus, C. Suetonius Paulinus.
(A.D. 66 = a.u. 819 = Thirteenth of Nero, from Oct. 13th).

Fonteius Capito, Iunius Rufus.
(A.D. 67 = a.u. 820 = Fourteenth of Nero).

C. Silius Italicus, Galerius Trachalus Turpilianus.
(A.D. 68 = a.u. 821, to June 9th).

A.D. 66 (a.u. 819)

1

20

2

3

4

5

6

7

Tiridates one day viewed an exhibition of pancratium. One of the contestants fell to the ground and was being pummeled by his opponent. When the prince saw it, he exclaimed: "That's an unfair contest. It isn't fair that a man who has fallen should be beaten."

8

21

A.D. 67 (?)

9

22

10

He conceived a dislike for a certain man because while he was speaking the man frowned and was not overlavish of his praises; and so he drove him away and would not let him come into his presence. He persisted in his refusal to grant him audience, and when the person asked: "Where shall I go, then?" Phoebus, Nero's freedman, replied: "To the deuce!"

11

entire

12

13

14

afflatus

15

qui vive

16

17

18

Pythici

19

A.D. 68 (a.u. 821)

20

A.D. 68 (a.u. 821)

21

Dio 62nd Book: "And he inflicted uncounted woes on many cities."

22

While Nero was still in Greece, the Jews revolted openly and he sent Vespasian against them. The inhabitants of Britain and of Gaul, likewise, oppressed by the taxes, experienced an even keener distress, which added fuel to the already kindled fire of their indignation.

23

24

23

24

25

25

26

27

On learning that Petronius, [26] whom he had sent ahead against the rebels with the larger portion of the army, also favored the cause of Galba, Nero reposed no further hope in arms.

He was on the point of putting those measures into effect when the senate first withdrew the guard that surrounded Nero, then entered the camp, and declared Nero an enemy but chose Galba in his place as emperor.

28

"Both spouse and father bid me pitiably die."

"So this is my famous frigid decocta." [27]

29

"I alone have neither friend nor foe."

"Jupiter, what an artist perishes in me!"

There was no one who might not hope to lay hands on the sovereignty in a time of so great confusion.

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

64

Omens announcing Galba's sovereignty: his avarice: the insolence of freedmen, of Nymphidius, of Capito (chapters 1, 2 ).

His ferocious entrance into the city: punishment of the Neronians (chapter 3 ).

About the uprising of Vitellius against Galba (chapter 4 ).

L. Piso Caesar adopted by Galba: Otho usurps the sovereignty (chapter 5 ).

Death of Galba and Piso (chapter 6 ).

Otho assumes the sovereignty amid unfavorable auspices and flattery (chapters 7, 8 ).

Insolence of the soldiers: the Pseudo-Nero (chapter 9 ).

Battles between Otho and Vitellius at Cremona (chapters 10, 11 ).

Otho's speech to his soldiers (chapters 12, 13 ).

How Otho with his dagger took his own life (chapters 14, 15 ).

The rapacity of Valens (chapter 16 ).

DURATION OF TIME

C. Silius Italicus, Galerius Trachalus Turpilianus.
(A.D. 68 = a.u. 821, from the 9th of June).

Galba Caes. Aug. (II), T. Vinius.
(A.D. 69 = a.u. 822, to January 15th).

A.D. 68 (a.u. 821)

1

2

3

A.D. 69 (a.u. 822)

4

5

he

6

When the soldiers had done this, they cut off their heads, which they then carried to Otho (who was in the camp) and also into the senate-house; and the senators, though terror-stricken, affected to be glad.

7

8

9

10

28

29

11

12

13

14

15

A series of brawls among the soldiers immediately ensued, and a number of them were slain by one another; afterwards they reached an agreement and set out to meet the victorious party.

16

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

65

Vitellius is proclaimed emperor: feasts his eyes on gladiators and slaughters: drives astrologers from Italy (chapter 1 ).

Vitellius's excess in banquets, in his home, in furniture, in his almost absurd magnificence (chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 ).

Praiseworthy points in his character (chapters 6, 7 ).

Portents of ill omen: the soldiers declare Vespasian emperor (chapter 8 ).

Mucianus is sent by Vespasian against Vitellius: Primus of his own accord takes the lead against Vitellius (chapter 9 ).

Alienus, put in charge of the war by Vitellius, is the author of a desertion, but is in turn seized by his followers, who change their minds (chapter 10 ).

The adherents of Vitellius are conquered in battle (chapters 11, 12, 13, 14 ).

Catastrophe befalls the dwellers in Cremona (chapter 15 ).

Wavering on the part of Vitellius: the Capitol is burned in the course of a siege by Sabinus (chapters 16, 17 ).

Disaster to the city of Rome, taken by Vespasian's captains (chapters 18, 19 ).

How Vitellius was taken and perished (chapters 20, 21 ).

How a brother and son of Vitellius met their fate (chapter 22 ).

DURATION OF TIME

(Galba (II) and T. Vinius Coss).:
A.D. 69 = a.u. 822, from January 15th.

The following Consules Suffecti took office:

On the Calends of March--T. Virginius Rufus, Vopiscus Pompeius.

On the Calends of May--Caelius Sabinus, T. Flavins Sabinus.

On the Calends of July--T. Arrius Antoninus, P. Marius Celsus (II).

On the Calends of September--C. Fabius Valens, A. Alienus Caecinna (also Roscius Regulus, as Caecinna was condemned on the last day of October).

On the Calends of November--Cn. Caecilius Simplex, C. Quintius Atticus.

A.D. 69 (a.u. 822)

1

News of the death of Otho was brought to him [Vitellius] while in Gaul. There he was joined by his wife and child, whom he placed on a platform and saluted as Germanicus and imperator, though the boy was only six years old.

2

3

30

4

31

5

6

7

8

9

en route

32

10

33

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

34

19

20

21

22

en route

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

66

Vespasian is made Emperor: is also designated as such by portents (chapter 1 ).

The arrogance of Mucianus and Domitian (chapter 2 ).

Revolt of the Germans (chapter 3 ).

About the taking of Jerusalem by Titus (chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 ).

Vespasian levies money in Egypt (chapter 8 ).

He treats the Romans considerately: drives philosophers from the capital (chapters 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ).

He gathers money by the efforts of his concubine Caenis, as well as by his own (chapter 14 ).

The Temple of Peace and the Colossus are erected: Berenice is dismissed: the Cynics are punished (chapter 15 ).

The punishment of Julius Sabinus: likewise of the conspirators, Alienus and Marcellus (chapter 16 ).

How Vespasian met his death (chapter 17 ).

The mildness of character of Titus Caesar Augustus (chapters 18, 19 ).

War in Britain, which is ascertained to be an island (chapter 20 ).

How Mount Vesuvius flamed forth: conflagration at Rome (chapters 21, 22, 23, 24 ).

Spectacles: death of Titus (chapters 25, 26 ).

DURATION OF TIME

Fl. Vespasianus Aug. (II), Titus Caesar.
(A.D. 70 = a.u. 823 = Second of Vespasian, from July 1st).

Fl. Vespasianus Aug. (III), M. Cocceius Nerva.
(A.D. 71 = a.u. 824 = Second of Vespasian).

Fl. Vespasianus Aug. (IV), Titus Caesar (II).
(A.D. 72 = a.u. 825 = Third of Vespasian).

Domitianus Caesar (II), M. Valerius Messalinus.
(A.D. 73 = a.u. 826 = Fourth of Vespasian).

Fl. Vespasianus Aug. (V), Titus Caesar (III).
(A.D. 74 = a.u. 827 = Fifth of Vespasian).

Fl. Vespasianus Aug. (VI), Titus Caesar (IV).
(A.D. 75 = a.u. 828 = Sixth of Vespasian).

Fl. Vespasianus (VII), Titus Caesar (V).
(A.D. 76 = a.u. 829 = Seventh of Vespasian).

Fl. Vespasianus (VIII), Titus Caesar (VI).
(A.D. 77 = a.u. 830 = Eighth of Vespasian).

L. Ceionius Commodus, D. Novius Priscus.
(A.D. 78 = a.u. 831 = Ninth of Vespasian).

Fl. Vespasianus (IX), Titus Caesar (VII).
(A.D. 79 = a.u. 832 = First of Titus, from June 23rd).

T. Vespasianus (VIII), Domitianus (VII).
(A.D. 80 = a.u. 833 = Second of Titus).

L. Fl. Silva Nonius Bassus, Asinius Pollio Verrucosus.
(A.D. 81 = a.u. 834 = Third of Titus, to September 13th).

A.D. 70 (a.u. 823)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

35

Iudaicus

8

9

10

11

36

12

A.D. 71 (a.u. 824)

13

37

14

38

39

A.D. 75 (a.u. 828)

15

40

A.D. 79 (a.u. 832)

16

41

17

42

18

19

20

21

22

23

A.D. 80 (a.u. 833)

24

25

A.D. 81 (a.u. 834)

26

43

44

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

67

Domitian's cruel character: his hatred of his father and brother (chapters 1, 2 ).

He puts aside Domitia: falls in love with Julia: slays the Vestals (chapter 3 ).

The German war (chapters 4, 5 ).

Dacian war with Decebalus (chapters 6, 7 ).

Domitian's nocturnal spectacles and entertainments (chapters 8, 9 ).

Events of the Dacian war (chapter 10 ).

Antonius, governor of Germany, rebels: many are slain (chapters 11, 12, 13, 14 ).

How Domitian was killed through snares laid by certain men (chapters 15, 16, 17, 18 ).

DURATION OF TIME

L. Fl. Silva Nonius Bassus, Asinius Pollio Verrucosus Cosa.
(A.D. 81 = a.u. 834 = First of Domitian, from Sept. 13th).

Domitianus Aug. (VIII), T. Flavius Sabinus.
(A.D. 82 = a.u. 835 = Second of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (IX), Q. Petilius Rufus (II).
(A.D. 83 = a.u. 836 = Third of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (X), T. Aurelius Sabinus.
(A.D. 84 = a.u. 837 = Fourth of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XI), T. Aurelius Fulvus.
(A.D. 85 = a.u. 838 = Fifth of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XII), Ser. Cornelius Dolabella.
(A.D. 88 = a.u. 839 = Sixth of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XIII), A. Volusius Saturninus.
(A.D. 87 = a.u. 840 = Seventh of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XIV), L. Minucius Rufus.
(A.D. 88 = a.u. 841 = Eighth of Domitian).

T. Aurelius Fulvus (II), A. Sempronius Atratinus.
(A.D. 89 = a.u. 842 = Ninth of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XV), M. Cocceius Nerva (II).
(A.D. 90 = a.u. 843 = Tenth of Domitian).

M. Ulpius Traianus, Manius Acilius Glabrio.
(A.D. 91 = a.u. 844 = Eleventh of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XVI), Q. Volusius Saturninus.
(A.D. 92 = a.u. 845 = Twelfth of Domitian).

Sex. Pompeius Collega, Cornelius Priscus.
(A.D. 93 = a.u. 846 = Thirteenth of Domitian).

L. Nonius Asprenas, M. Arricinius Clemens.
(A.D. 94 = a.u. 847 = Fourteenth of Domitian).

Domitianus Aug. (XVII), T. Flavius Clemens.
(A.D. 95 = a.u. 848 = Fifteenth of Domitian).

Manlius Valens, Antistius Vetus.
(A.D. 96 = a.u. 849 = Sixteenth of Domitian, to Sept. 18th).

A.D. 81 (a.u. 834)

1

A.D. 82 (a.u. 835)

2

45

46

A.D. 83 (a.u. 836)

3

A.D. 83 (a.u. 836)

A.D. 84 (a.u. 837)

4

5

47

A.D. 86 (a.u. 839)

6

A.D. 87(?)

48

A.D. 90 (a.u. 843)

7

8

A.D. 91 (a.u. 844)

49

9

50

10

51

11

12

him
52
53

54

A.D. 93 (a.u. 846)

13

Then

A.D. 95 (a.u. 848)

14

55

A.D. 96 (a.u. 849)
56
15

57
58
59

16

17

18

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

68

Most of Domitian's measures are annulled (chapter 1 ).

The excellencies of Nerva Augustus Caesar: his kindness to Verginius (chapter 2 ).

The conspiracy of Crassus: rebellion of the Pretorians: adoption of Trajan (chapter 3 ).

Birthplace and praise of Trajan: Nerva dies (chapter 4 ).

How Trajan entered upon his sovereignty (chapter 5 ).

He undertakes a war against Decebalus, proving himself formidable to the latter but worthy the affection of his own people (chapters 6, 7 ).

He conquers the Dacians and holds a triumph over them (chapters 8, 9, 10 ).

A second war against the Dacians (chapters 11, 12 ).

How Trajan saddled the Danube with a stone bridge (chapter 13 ).

With the disappearance from the scene of Decebalus the Dacians are reduced to the condition of a province: Arabia is taken (chapter 14 ).

Embassies: the Pontine marshes filled: statues to the well-deserving: the column of Trajan (chapters 15, 16 ).

Campaign against the Parthians on account of the expulsion of Exedares from Armenia and the introduction there of Parthomasiris (chapters 17, 18 ).

Parthomasiris gains access to Trajan and Armenia is taken away from him (chapters 19, 20 ).

How Abgarus the Osrhoenian obtained pardon from Trajan (chapter 21 ).

About the envoys of Mannus and Manisarus sent to Trajan (chapter 22 ).

Trajan is named Optimus, and, after the capture of Nisibis and Batnae, Parthicus (chapter 23 ).

About the huge earthquake at Antioch (chapters 24, 25 ).

After the bridging of the Tigris he reduces Adiabene, Mesopotamia, and Ctesiphon (chapters 26, 27, 28 ).

He loses and regains several districts: he bestows a king upon the Parthians (chapters 29, 30 ).

He besieges the Atreni without result (chapter 31 ).

The Jews in Cyrene, Egypt, and Cyprus rebel, and are crushed, chiefly through the activity of Lusius (chapter 32 ).

The Parthians cast out the king imposed upon them: Trajan dies (chapter 33 ).

DURATION OF TIME

C. Manlius Valens, C. Antistius Vetus.
(A.D. 96 = a.u. 849 = First of Nerva, from Sept. 18th).

Nerva Caes. Aug. (III), L. Verginius Rufus (III).
(A.D. 97 = a.u. 850 = Second of Nerva).

Nerva Caes. Aug. (IV), Nerva Traianus Caes. (II).
(A.D. 98 = a.u. 851 = Third of Nerva, to January 27th).

C. Sosius Senecio (II), A. Cornelius Palma.
(A.D. 99 = a.u. 852 = Second of Trajan).

Nerva Traianus Aug. (III), Sex. Iul. Frontinus (III).
(A.D. 100 = a.u. 853 = Third of Trajan).

Nerva Traianus Aug. (IV), Sex. Articuleius Paetus.
(A.D. 101 = a.u. 854 = Fourth of Trajan).

C. Sosius Senecio (III), L. Licinius Sura (II).
(A.D. 102 = a.u. 855 = Fifth of Trajan).

Nerva Traianus Aug. (V), Q. Messius Maximus (II).
(A.D. 103 = a.u. 856 = Sixth of Trajan).

Suburanus (II), P. Neratius Marcellus.
(A.D. 104 = a.u. 857 = Seventh of Trajan).

Ti. Iulius Candidus (II), A. Iulius Quadratus (II).
(A.D. 105 = a.u. 858 = Eighth of Trajan).

L. Ceionius Commodus Verus, L. Cerealis.
(A.D. 106 = a.u. 859 = Ninth of Trajan).

C. Sosius Senecio (IV), L. Licinius Sura (III).
(A.D. 107 = a.u. 860 = Tenth of Trajan).

Ap. Trebonius Gallus, M. Atilius Bradua.
(A.D. 108 = a.u. 861 = Eleventh of Trajan).

A. Cornelius Palma (II), C. Calvisius Tullus (II).
(A.D. 109 = a.u. 862 = Twelfth of Trajan).

Clodius Priscinus, Solenus Orfitus.
(A.D. 110 = a.u. 863 = Thirteenth of Trajan).

C. Calpurnius Piso, M. Vettius Bolanus.
(A.D. 111 = a.u. 864 = Fourteenth of Trajan).

Nerva Traianus Aug. (VI), C. Iulius Africanus.
(A.D. 112 = a.u. 865=Fifteenth of Trajan).

L. Celsus (II), Clodius Crispinus.
(A.D. 113 = a.u. 866=Sixteenth of Trajan).

Q. Ninnius Hasta, P. Manilius Vopiscus.
(A.D. 114 = a.u. 867=Seventeenth of Trajan).

L. Vipsanius Messala, M. Pedo Virgilianus.
(A.D. 115 = a.u. 868=Eighteenth of Trajan).

L. Aelius Lamia, Aelianus Vetus.
(A.D. 116 = a.u. 869=Nineteenth of Trajan).

Quinctius Niger, C. Vipsanius Apronianus.
(A.D. 117 = a.u. 870=Twentieth of Trajan, to Aug. 11th).

A.D. 96 (a.u. 849)

1

60

2

61
A.D. 97 (a.u. 850)
62

3

"The Danaans by thy weapons shall requite my tears." [63]

4

64

A.D. 98 (a.u. 851)

65

5

A.D. 99 (a.u. 852)

A.D. 100 (a.u. 853)

6

7

excellent

8

9

66

A.D. 101 (a.u. 854)

67

A.D. 103 (a.u. 856)

10

A.D. 104 (a.u. 857)

11

12

13

A.D. 105 (a.u. 858)

14

A.D. 106 (a.u. 859)

A.D. 107 (a.u. 860)

15

16

68

69

A.D. 114 (a.u. 867)

17

70

71

72
73
18

19

74

20

21

22

23

A.D. 115 (a.u. 868)

24

A.D. 115 (a.u. 868)

25

26

en masse

27

Cassius Dio Cocceianus in writings concerning the Latins has written that this city [i.e. Babylon] comprised a circuit of four hundred stades. (Compare also Tzetzes, Exegesis of Homer's Iliad, p. 141, 15 ff).

A.D. 116 (a.u. 869)

28

75

29

30

76

LXXV, 9, 6

31

32

A.D. 117 (a.u. 870)

33

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

69

Hadrian without being adopted succeeds, through the favor of Plotina (chapters 1, 2 ).

About the assassinations authorized by Hadrian: about his varied learning and jealousies (chapters 3, 4 ).

His virtues, particularly affability and generosity: old arrears of debt forgiven (chapters 5, 6, 7, 8 ).

Travels: discipline of the army reformed: interest in hunting (chapters 9, 10 ).

How he honored Antinous with various marks of remembrance (chapter 11 ).

Uprising of Jews on account of the founding of Capitolina: Bithynia recovered (chapters 12, 13, 14 ).

The Albanians are held in check: Pharasmanes the Iberian is honored (chapter 15 ).

The Temple of Jupiter Olympius and the Panellenium are consecrated (chapter 16 ).

Growing ill, he adopts Commodus, slays Servianus: the distinguished services of Turbo, Fronto, Similis (chapters 17, 18, 19 ).

On the death of Commodus he adopts Antoninus, the latter adopting at the same time Marcus and Verus (chapters 20, 21 ).

How Hadrian departed this life (chapters 22, 23 ).

DURATION OF TIME

Quinctius Niger, Vipsanius Apronianus.
(A.D. 117 = a.u. 870 = First of Hadrian, from Aug. 11th).

Hadrianus Aug. (II), Claudius Fuseus Salinator.
(A.D. 118 = a.u. 871 = Second of Hadrian).

Hadrianus Aug. (III), Q. Iunius Rusticus.
(A.D. 119 = a.u. 872 = Third of Hadrian).

L. Catilius Severus, T. Aurelius Fulvus.
(A.D. 120 = a.u. 873 = Fourth of Hadrian).

L. Annius Verus, Aur. Augurinus.
(A.D. 121 = a.u. 874 = Fifth of Hadrian).

Acilius Aviola, Corellius Pansa.
(A.D. 122 = a.u. 875 = Sixth of Hadrian).

Q. Arrius Paetinus, C. Ventidius Apronianus.
(A.D. 123 = a.u. 876 = Seventh of Hadrian).

Manius Acilius Glabrio, C. Bellicius Torquatus.
(A.D. 124 = a.u. 877 = Eighth of Hadrian).

P. Corn. Scipio Asiaticus (II), Q. Vettius Aquilinus.
(A.D. 125 = a.u. 878 = Ninth of Hadrian).

Annius Verus (III), L. Varius Ambibulus.
(A.D. 126 = a.u. 879 = Tenth of Hadrian).

Gallicianus, Caelius Titianus.
(A.D. 127 = a.u. 880 = Eleventh of Hadrian).

L. Nonius Asprenas Torquatus (II), M. Annius Libo.
(A.D. 128 = a.u. 881 = Twelfth of Hadrian).

Iuventius Celsus (II), Marcellus.
(A.D. 129 = a.u. 882 = Thirteenth of Hadrian).

Q. Fabius Catullinus, M. Flavius Aper.
(A.D. 130 = a.u. 883 = Fourteenth of Hadrian).

Ser. Octav. Laenas Pontianus, M. Antonius Rufinus.
(A.D. 131 = a.u. 884 = Fifteenth of Hadrian).

Augurinus, Severianus (or, according to others, Sergianus).
(A.D. 132 = a.u. 885 = Sixteenth of Hadrian).

Hiberus, Iunius Silanus Sisenna.
(A.D. 133 = a.u. 886 = Seventeenth of Hadrian).

Servianus (III), Vibius Varus.
(A.D. 134 = a.u. 887 = Eighteenth of Hadrian).

Pontianus, Atilianus.
(A.D. 135 = a.u. 888 = Nineteenth of Hadrian).

L. Ceionius Commodus Verus, Sex. Vetulenus Civica Pompeianus.
(A.D. 136 = a.u. 889 = Twentieth of Hadrian).

L. Aelius Verus Caesar, P. Caelius Balbinus Vibullius.
(A.D. 137 = a.u. 890 = Twenty-first of Hadrian).

Camerinus, Niger.
(A.D. 138 = a.u. 891 = Twenty-second of Hadrian, to July 10th).

A.D. 117 (a.u. 870)

1

2

Hadrian was a pleasant man to meet and his presence shed a kind of grace.

3

77

4

A.D. 117 (a.u. 870)

5

6

7

they

8

A.D. 118 (a.u. 871)

9

him
A.D. 119 (a.u. 872)
78

10

A.D. 121 (a.u. 874)

11

A.D. 122 (a.u. 875)

Strange lack of tomb for one with shrines o'erwhelmed! [79]

A.D. 133 (a.u. 886)

A.D. 133 (a.u. 886)

12

13

14

A.D. 134(?)
80
81

15

82

16

A.D. 135 (a.u. 888)

17

A.D. 136 (a.u. 889)

nine

18

I wish you joy

I trust your health continues good

19

A.D. 138 (a.u. 891)

20

A.D. 138 (a.u. 891)

21

22

23

83

After Hadrian's death there was erected to him a huge equestrian statue representing him with a four-horse team. It was so large that the bulkiest man could walk through the eye of each horse, yet because of the extreme height of the monument persons passing along on the ground below are wont to think that the horses themselves as well as Hadrian are very small.

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

70

Antoninus Pius, succeeding by adoption, effects the deification of Hadrian (chapter 1 ).

The cognomen Pius is bestowed upon Antoninus by the senate (chapter 2 ).

He showed little hostility toward the Christians: was careful in trifles: met a quiet death in old age (chapter 3 ).

Earthquake that damaged Bithynia, the Hellespontine region, and especially Cyzicus (chapter 4 ).

He is compared with Numa: his gentleness and kindliness (chapter 5 ).

He was intent upon justice, not upon enlarging the empire: hence the barbarians brought their quarrels to him to settle (chapters 6, 7 ).

DURATION OF TIME

Camerinus, Niger.
(A.D. 138 = a.u. 891 = First of Antoninus, from July 10th).

Antoninus Pius Aug. (II), Bruttius Praesens.
(A.D. 139 = a.u. 892 = Second of Antoninus).

Antoninus Pius Aug. (III), Aurelius Caesar (II).
(A.D. 140 = a.u. 893 = Third of Antoninus).

M. Peducaeus Sylloga Priscinus, T. Hoenius Severus.
(A.D. 141 = a.u. 894 = Fourth of Antoninus).

L. Cuspius Rufinus, L. Statius Quadratus.
(A.D. 142 = a.u. 895 = Fifth of Antoninus).

C. Bellicius Torquatus, Tib. Claudius Atticus Herodes.
(A.D. 143 = a.u. 896 = Sixth of Antoninus).

Avitus, Maximus.
(A.D. 144 = a.u. 897 = Seventh of Antoninus).

Antoninus Pius Aug. (IV), M. Aurelius Caesar (II).
(A.D. 145 = a.u. 898 = Eighth of Antoninus).

Sex. Erucius Clarus (II), Cn. Claudius Severus.
(A.D. 146 = a.u. 899 = Ninth of Antoninus).

Largus, Messalinus.
(A.D. 147 = a.u. 900 = Tenth of Antoninus).

L. Torquatus (III), C. Iulianus Vetus.
(A.D. 148 = a.u. 901 = Eleventh of Antoninus).

Sergius Scipio Orfitus, Q. Nonius Priscus.
(A.D. 149 = a.u. 902 = Twelfth of Antoninus).

Gallicanus, Vetus.
(A.D. 150 = a.u. 903 = Thirteenth of Antoninus).

Quintilius Condianus, Quintilius Maximus.
(A.D. 151 = a.u. 904 = Fourteenth of Antoninus).

M. Acilius Glabrio, M. Valerius Homullus.
(A.D. 152 = a.u. 905 = Fifteenth of Antoninus).

C. Bruttius Praesens, A. Iunius Rufinus.
(A.D. 153 = a.u. 906 = Sixteenth of Antoninus).

L. Ael. Aurelius Commodus, T. Sextius Lateranus.
(A.D. 154 = a.u. 907 = Seventeenth of Antoninus).

C. Iulius Severus, M. Rufinius Sabinianus.
(A.D. 155 = a.u. 908 = Eighteenth of Antoninus).

M. Ceionius Silvanus, C. Serius Augurinus.
(A.D. 158 = a.u. 909 = Nineteenth of Antoninus).

Barbaras, Regulus.
(A.D. 157 = a.u. 910 = Twentieth of Antoninus).

Tertullus, Sacerdos.
(A.D. 158 = a.u. 911 = Twenty-first of Antoninus).

Plautius Quintilius, Statius Priscus.
(A.D. 159 = a.u. 912 = Twenty-second of Antoninus).

T. Clodius Vibius Varus, App. Annius Atilius Bradua.
(A.D. 160 = a.u. 913 = Twenty-third of Antoninus).

M. Ael. Aurelius Verus Caesar (III), I. Ael. Aurelius Commodus (II).
(A.D. 161 = a.u. 914 = Twenty-fourth of Antoninus, to March 7th).

A.D. 138 (a.u. 891)

1

2

LXIX, 15, 3

A.D. 139 (a.u. 892)

3

A.D. 153 (a.u. 906)

84

A.D. 161 (a.u. 914)

A.D. 177(?)

4

85

5

6

7

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

71

The emperor Marcus takes Verus as an associate: he gives him charge of the Parthian war (chapters 1, 2 ).

Wars with the Iazyges, Marcomani, and Germans (chapters 3 and 5 ).

About the war in Egypt with the Bucoli (chapter 4 ).

Marcus's tirelessness in hearing cases at law (chapter 6 ).

The Iazyges conquered (chapter 7 ).

The Quadi are vanquished by rain sent from Heaven in answer to Roman prayers (chapters 8 and 10 ).

About the Thunderbolt Legion from Melitene (chapter 9 ).

How envoys came to the emperor from a number of barbarians,--the Quadi, Astingi, Iazyges, Marcomani, Naristi (chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ).

Revolt of Cassius and of Syria (chapters 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ).

How Cassius was killed, together with his son (chapter 27 ).

Kindness of Marcus toward the adherents of Cassius: death of Faustina and honors accorded her (chapters 28, 29, 30, 31 ).

The return of Marcus and his generosity (chapter 32 ).

With his son Commodus he subjugates the Scythians: he himself meets death (chapter 33 ).

Eulogy of Marcus (chapters 34, 35 ).

DURATION OF TIME

M. Ael. Aurel. Verus Caes. (III), L. Ael. Aurel. Commodus (II).
(A.D. 161 = a.u. 914 = First of Marcus, from March 7th).

Iunius Rusticus, Vettius Aquilinus.
(A.D. 162 = a.u. 915 = Second of Marcus).

I. Aelianus, Pastor.
(A.D. 163 = a.u. 916 = Third of Marcus).

M. Pompeius Macrinus, P. Iuventius Celsus.
(A.D. 164 = a.u. 917 = Fourth of Marcus).

L. Arrius Pudens, M. Gavius Orfitus.
(A.D. 165 = a.u. 918 = Fifth of Marcus).

Q. Servilius Pudens, L. Fufidius Pollio.
(A.D. 166 = a.u. 919 = Sixth of Marcus).

L. Aurelius Verus Aug. (III), Quadratus.
(A.D. 167 = a.u. 920 = Seventh of Marcus).

T. Iunius Montanus, L. Vettius Paulus.
(A.D. 168 = a.u. 921 = Eighth of Marcus).

Q. Sosius Priscus, P. Caelius Apollinaris.
(A.D. 169 = a.u. 922 = Ninth of Marcus).

M. Cornelius Cethegus, C. Erucius Clarus.
(A.D. 170 = a.u. 923 = Tenth of Marcus).

L. Septimius Severus (II), L. Alfidius Herennianus.
(A.D. 171 = a.u. 924 = Eleventh of Marcus).

Maximus, Orfitus.
(A.D. 172 = a.u. 925 = Twelfth of Marcus).

M. Aurelius Severus (II), T. Claudius Pompeianus.
(A.D. 173 = a.u. 926 = Thirteenth of Marcus).

Gallus, Flaccus.
(A.D. 174 = a.u. 927 = Fourteenth of Marcus).

Piso, Iulianus.
(A.D. 175 = a.u. 928 = Fifteenth of Marcus).

Pollio (II), Aper (II).
(A.D. 176 = a.u. 929 = Sixteenth of Marcus).

L. Aurel. Commodus Aug., Quintilius.
(A.D. 177 = a.u. 930 = Seventeenth of Marcus).

Rufus, Orfitus. (A.D. 178 = a.u. 931 = Eighteenth of Marcus).

Commodus Aug. (II), T. Annius Aurel. Verus (II).
(A.D. 179 = a.u. 932 = Nineteenth of Marcus).

L. Fulvius Bruttius Praesens (II), Sextus Quintilius Condianus.
(A.D. 180 = a.u. 933 = Twentieth of Marcus, to March 17th).

A.D. 161 (a.u. 914)

1

86

2

A.D. 162 (a.u. 915)
A.D. 165 (a.u. 918)
A.D. 169 (a.u. 922)

Bridging

A.D. 172 (a.u. 925)

3

87
88
89
90

A.D. 168(?)

A.D. 171 (a.u. 924)

A.D. 172 (a.u. 925)

4

92

5

6

93
A.D. 172 (a.u. 926)
94

A.D. 172(?) 173(?)

7

A.D. 174 (a.u. 927)

8

9

97

10

98

11

12

91

13

95

14

96

A.D. 174(?) 175(?)

"Such things the wretched war brings in its train." [99]

A.D. 176(?)

15

100

A.D. 175 (a.u. 928)

16

101

17

18

19

not
should

20

106
en masse

21

22

102

23

24

25

26

27

Marcus at the time he was preparing for the war against Cassius would accept no barbarian alliance although he found a concourse of foreign nations offering their services; for he said that the barbarians ought not to know about troubles arising between Romans.

28

A.D. 176 (a.u. 929)

29

103

30

104

31

32

A.D. 177 (a.u. 930)

105

33

A.D. 178 (a.u. 931)

A.D. 179

A.D. 180 (a.u. 933)

34

107

35

108

36

109

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

73

About Commodus Augustus (chapter 1 ).

How Commodus made terms of peace with the Marcomani, the Quadi, and the Buri (chapters 2, 3 ).

Intrigues of Pompeianus against Commodus (chapter 4 ).

About the killing of the Quintilii (chapters 5, 6, 7 ).

About the war in Britain, and the captain, Ulpius Marcellus (chapter 8 ).

How Perennis, pretorian prefect, was slain (chapters 9, 10 )

Statue erected to Victorinus (chapter 11 ).

Crimes and death of Cleander, a Caesarian (chapters 12, 13 )

Fresh assassinations occur (chapter 14 ).

Commodus's titles (chapter 15 ).

About the spectacles presented by Commodus, and his insolent behavior (chapters 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ).

Commodus is killed as the result of a conspiracy (chapter 22 ).

Dio begins to lay the foundations of his history (chapter 23 ).

Portents indicating the death of Commodus (chapter 24 ).

DURATION OF TIME

L. Fulvius Bruttius Praesens (II), Sextus Quintilius Condianus.
(A.D. 180 = a.u. 933 = First of Commodus, from March 17th).

Commodus Aug. (III), Antistius Burrus.
(A.D. 181 = a.u. 934 = Second of Commodus).

C. Petronius Mamertinus, Cornelius Rufus.
(A.D. 182 = a.u. 935 = Third of Commodus).

Commodus Aug. (IV), Aufidius Victorinus (II).
(A.D. 183 = a.u. 936 = Fourth of Commodus).

L. Eggius Marullus, Cn. Papirius Aelianus.
(A.D. 184 = a.u. 937 = Fifth of Commodus).

Maternus, Bradua.
(A.D. 185 = a.u. 938 = Sixth of Commodus).

Commodus Aug. (V), Acilius Glabrio (II).
(A.D. 186 = a.u. 939 = Seventh of Commodus).

Crispinus, Aelianus.
(A.D. 187 = a.u. 940 = Eighth of Commodus).

C. Allius Fuscianus (II), Duillius Silanus (II).
(A.D. 188 = a.u. 941 = Ninth of Commodus).

Iunius Silanus, Servilius Silanus.
(A.D. 189 = a.u. 942 = Tenth of Commodus).

Commodus Aug. (VI), M. Petronius Septimianus.
(A.D. 190 = a.u. 943 = Eleventh of Commodus).

Apronianus, Bradua.
(A.D. 191 = a.u. 944 = Twelfth of Commodus).

Commodus Aug. (VII), P. Helvius Pertinax (II).
(A.D. 192 = a.u. 945 = Thirteenth of Commodus, to Dec. 31st).

A.D. 180 (a.u. 933)

1

2

A.D. 181(?)

3

110
111
112

4

A.D. 182 (a.u. 935)

5

113

114

6

he

7

A.D. 184 (a.u. 937)

8

A.D. 185 (a.u. 938)

9

The soldiers in Britain chose Priscus, a lieutenant, emperor. But he deprecated their action, saying "I am as little suited for emperor as you are for soldiers."

10

11

12

A.D. 189 (a.u. 942)

13

14

115

116

A.D. 190 (a.u. 943)

15

16

A.D. 192 (a.u. 945)

17

117

18

19

secutor:

118

20

21

22

[Lacuna] was written by Lucius Commodus Hercules, and upon it was inscribed the well known couplet, viz.: "Hercules I, Jove's son, Lord of Fair Fame, Not Lucius, howsoe'er constrained thereto."

23

24

A.D. 191 (a.u. 944)

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

74

Pertinax, through the agency of Eclectus and Laetus, is created emperor by the soldiers and by the senate (chapter 1).

Commodus is declared an enemy and is made a subject for jest (chapter 2).

Kindness of Pertinax toward Pompeianus, Glabrio, and the senators (chapter 3).

Omens portending supreme power for him (chapter 4).

Pertinax reforms pernicious practices: he sells Commodus's apparatus of licentiousness (chapter 5, 6).

His moderation with regard to his own family (chapter 7).

At the instigation of Laetus Falco the consul is slated for emperor (chapter 8).

Death of Pertinax Augustus (chapter 9, 10).

Flavius Sulpicianus and Julianus strive in outbidding each other for the sovereignty (chapter 11).

Julianus is made emperor contrary to the wishes of the senate and the Roman people (chapters 12, 13).

About the three leaders, Severus, Niger, Albinus (chapter 14).

Severus forms an alliance with Albinus and proceeds against Julianus (chapter 15).

Julianus, in the midst of laughable preparations, is killed by order of the senate (chapters 16, 17).

DURATION OF TIME,
five months
(from the Calends of January to the Calends of June), in which the following were consuls:

1. Quintus Sosius Falco, C. Erucius Clarus.

2. Flavius Sulpicianus, Fabius Cilo Septiminus
(from the Calends of March).

3. Silius Messala
(from the Calends of May).

(A.D. 193 = a.u. 946).

A.D. 193 (a.u. 946)

1

119

120

2

3

121

4

5

6

122

7

123

8

9

10

11

12

124

125

13

"I do not assist the populace: for it has not called upon me."

14

The senate had at one time voted him a golden statue and he refused to accept it, saying: "Give me a bronze one so that it may last; for I perceive that the gold and silver statues of the emperors that ruled before me have been torn down, whereas the bronze ones remain." In this he was not right: since 'tis excellence that safeguards the memory of potentates. And the bronze statue that was bestowed upon him was torn down after he was overthrown.

15

126

16

17

127

Dio, 74th Book: "Men of intelligence should neither begin a war nor seek to evade it when it is thrust upon them. They should rather grant pardon to him who voluntarily conducts himself properly, in spite Of any previous transgression, [Lacuna]

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

75

Severus takes vengeance on the Pretorians who were the assassins of Pertinax and enters the city (chapters 1, 2 ).

Prodigies which portended the sovereignty to Severus (chapter 3 ).

Funeral procession which he superintended, in honor of Pertinax (chapters 4, 5 ).

War of Severus Augustus against Pescennius Niger (chapters 6, 7, 8, 9 ).

The storming of Byzantium (chapters 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ).

DURATION OF TIME

Q. Sosius Falco, C. Erucius Clarus.
(A.D. 193 = a.u. 946 = First of Severus, from the Calends of June).

I. Septimius Severus Aug. (II), D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caes.
(A.D. 194 = a.u. 947 = Second of Severus).

Scapula Tertullus, Tineius Clemens.
(A.D. 195 = a.u. 948 = Third of Severus).

C. Domitius Dexter (II), L. Valerius Messala Priscus.
(A.D. 196 = a.u. 949 = Fourth of Severus).

1

128

2

3

129

4

130

5

6

A.D. 194 (a.u. 947)

7

131

132

8

133

9

134

A.D. 195 (a.u. 948)

10

11

12

A.D. 196 (a.u. 949)

13

A.D. 196 (a.u. 949)

14

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

76

Severus's war against the Osrhoeni, Adiabeni, and Arabians (chapters 1,2, 3 ).

Severus's war against Albinus Caesar (chapters 4, 5 ).

How Albinus was vanquished by Severus and perished (chapters 6, 7 ).

The arrogance of Severus after his victory (chapters 7, 8 ).

Severus's Parthian expedition (chapter 9 ).

How he besieged the Atreni, but found his endeavors fruitless (chapters 10, 11, 12 ).

How he started for Egypt: and about the source of the Nile (chapter 13 ).

About the power and tyrannous conduct of Plautianus (chapters 14, 15, 16 ).

DURATION OF TIME

Scapula Tertullus, Tineius Clemens,
(A.D. 195 = a.u. 948 = Third of Severus, from the Calends of June).

C. Domitius Dexter (II), L. Valerius Messala Priscus.
(A.D. 196 = a.u. 949 = Fourth of Severus).

Ap. Claudius Lateranus, Rufinus.
(A.D. 197 = a.u. 950 = Fifth of Severus).

Ti. Saturninus, C. Gallus.
(A.D. 198 = a.u. 951 = Sixth of Severus).

P. Cornelius Anullinus, M. Aufidius Fronto.
(A.D. 199 = a.u. 952 = Seventh of Severus).

Ti. Claudius Severus, C. Aufidius Victorinus.
(A.D. 200 = a.u. 953 = Eighth of Severus).

L. Annius Fabianus, M. Nonius Mucianus.
(A.D. 201 = a.u. 954 = Ninth of Severus).

L. Septimius Severus Aug. (III), M. Aurel. Antoninus Aug.
(A.D. 202 = a.u. 955 = Tenth of Severus).

A.D. 195 (a.u. 948)

1

2

A.D. 196 (a.u. 949)

3

135

4

136

5

A.D. 197 (a.u. 950)

6

7

8

All pretended to sympathize with Severus but were confuted as often as a sudden piece of news arrived, not being able to conceal the sentiments hidden in their hearts. When off their guard they started at reports which happened to assail their ears without warning. In such ways, as well as through facial expression and habits of behavior, the feelings of every one of them became manifest. Some also by an excess of affectation only betrayed their attitude the more.

LXXIV, 9, 5
137
138

LXXV, 5

A.D. 198 (a.u. 951)

9

A.D. 199(?)

10

139

A.D. 200(?)

11

140
141
12

A.D. 200 (a.u. 953)

13

14

142

15

[Lacuna] so that [Lacuna] some one actually dared to write to him as to a fourth Caesar.

Though many decrees in his honor were passed by the senate he accepted only a few of them, saying to the senators: "It is through your hearts that you show your love for me, not through your decrees."

16

143

144

DIO'S ROMAN HISTORY

77

Festivities on account of Severus's decennial, the marriage of Antoninus and victories (chapter 1 ).

Death of Plautianus (chapters 2, 3, 4 ).

The friends and children of Plautianus are persecuted by Severus (chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ).

About Bulla Felix, a noble brigand (chapter 10 ).

Severus's campaign in Britain: an account of the Britons (chapters 11, 12 ).

After traversing the whole of Britain Severus makes peace (chapter 13 ).

How Antoninus desired to slay his father (chapter 14 ).

Death of Severus Augustus and a summary view of his life (chapters 15, 16, 17 ).

DURATION OF TIME

L. Septimius Severus Aug. (III), M. Aur. Antoninus Aug.
(A.D. 202 = a.u. 955 = Tenth of Severus, from the Calends of June).

P. Septimius Geta, Fulvius Plautianus (II).
(A.D. 203 = a.u. 956 = Eleventh of Severus).

L. Fabius Septimius Cilo (II), L. Flavius Libo.
(A.D. 204 = a.u. 957 = Twelfth of Severus).

M. Aur. Antoninus Aug. (II), P. Septimius Geta Caesar.
(A.D. 205 = a.u. 958 = Thirteenth of Severus).

Nummius Albinus, Fulv. Aemilianus.
(A.D. 206 = a.u. 959 = Fourteenth of Severus).

Aper, Maximus.
(A.D. 207 = a.u. 960 = Fifteenth of Severus).

M. Aur. Antoninus Aug. (III), P. Septim. Geta Caesar (II).
(A.D. 208 = a.u. 961 = Sixteenth of Severus).

Civica Pompeianus, Lollianus Avitus.
(A.D. 209 = a.u. 962 = Seventeenth of Severus).

M. Acilius Faustinus, Triarius Rufinus.
(A.D. 210 = a.u. 963 = Eighteenth of Severus).

Q. Epid. Ruf. Lollianus Gentianus, Pomponius Bassus.
(A.D. 211 = a.u. 964 = Nineteenth of Severus, to Feb. 4th).

A.D. 202 (a.u. 955)

1

145

146

2

A.D. 203 (a.u. 956)

3

4

147

5

6

7

148

149

8

dénouement

9

150

151

A.D. 206-7(?)

10

A.D. 208 (a.u. 961)

11

152

12

153
154
13

155

A.D. 210 (a.u. 963)

14

156

15

"Let none escape utter destruction At our hands. Yea, whatso is found in the womb of the mother, Child unborn though it be, let it not escape utter destruction!" [157]

A.D. 211 (a.u. 964)

16

17

158

FOOTNOTES

Footnote 1: C. Iulius Montanus C.F. (Cp. Suetonius, Life of Nero, chapter 60).

Footnote 2: χτηνη of the MSS. was changed to χητη on the conjecture of Sylburgius, who was followed by Bekker, Dindorf, and Boissevain. (Compare also Suetonius, Life of Nero, chapter 12).

Footnote 3: Adopting Reiske's conjecture, nv.

Footnote 4: L. Iunius Gallio.

Footnote 5: The title of one of Nero's poems.

Footnote 6: Compare Tacitus, Annals, XIV, 32 ("visamque speciem in aestuario Tamesae subversae Coloniae").

Footnote 7: It would seem natural to supply "for the uprising," as does Reiske.

Footnote 8: The meaning of this phrase (αχουσιν) is not wholly clear. Naber purposes to substitute αιτυσιν ("that they were asking for").

Footnote 9: Known commonly as Boadicea.

Footnote 10: Reading χεχλημενους (van Herwerden).

Footnote 11: Corruptions in the text emended by Reiske.

Footnote 12: Not much information is preserved regarding this indigenous goddess of Britain. Reimar asserts that she is practically identical with Boccharte, Astarte, or Venus.

Footnote 13: Foenius Rufus.

Footnote 14: Rubellirs Plautus.

Footnote 15: Compare Book Fifty-seven, chapter 18.

Footnote 16: Reading υπαρχον (Boissevain) for υπατον.

Footnote 17: A slight gap in the MS. exists here, filled by a doubtful conjecture of Boissevain's.

Footnote 18: Salvidienus Orfitus (according to Suetonius, Life of Nero, chap. 37).

Footnote 19: C. Cassius Longinus (ibid).

Footnote 20: This proper name is the result of an emendation by Reimar.

Footnote 21: Literally "victor of the periodos." This was a name applied to an athlete who had conquered in the Pythian, Isthmian, Nemean and Olympian games.

Footnote 22: ου supplied by Reiske.

Footnote 23, 24: The two kinds of footwear mentioned here appear in the Greek as χοθορνος and εμβατης respectively. These words are often synonymous, and both may refer, as a rule, to high boots. In the present passage, however, some kind of contrast is evidently intended, and the most acceptable solution of the question is that given by Sturz, in his edition, who says that the χοθορνος seems to have been used by Nero only in singing, whereas he wore the εμβατης (as also the mask) while acting.

Footnote 25: τα πραγματα supplied by Polak.

Footnote 26: P. Petronius Turpilianus.

Footnote 27: Reading απεψθον (Reimar, Cobet et al.).

Footnote 28, 29: Piso and Galba are meant.

Footnote 30: Q. Vibius Crispus.

Footnote 31: This little phrase is taken direct from Plato's Critias, 115 B.

Footnote 32: M. Antonius Primus.

Footnote 33: A. Caevina Alienus.

Footnote 34: The epitome of Dio spells uniformly Cerealius.

Footnote 35: Properly Simon Bar-Giora (patronymic).

Footnote 36: This sentiment is expressed in the Greek by "to the crows."

Footnote 37: Reading υποδιεψθειρον (Dindorf).

Footnote 38: i.e., the hollowed hand (compare Suetonius Vespasian, chapter 23).

Footnote 39: This refers to conveniences in the public streets.

Footnote 40: This Agrippa, known also as Herodes II, was an intimate friend of the Jewish historian Josephus and a companion of Titus at the siege of Jerusalem. It was before him, moreover, that the apostle Paul made his defence in A.D. 60.

Footnote 41: The meaning is clear. Cobet (Mnemosyne, N.S.X). thinks that ephorathae expresses the idea more accurately than the commonly accepted ephanerothae (Boissevain also ephorathae).

Footnote 42: These are mineral springs, chiefly sulphurous in nature, both hot and cold, situated near the town of Cutiliae, famous for its pool with the "floating island." Celsus (On Medicine, Book Four, chapter 5 (=12)) recommends bathing and standing in such cold mineral springs as those at Cutiliae in cases where a patient suffers from inability of the stomach to assimilate food.--The town itself is between Reate and Interocrea among the Sabines. (And compare Suetonius, Vespasian, chapter 24).

Footnote 43: L. Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus.

Footnote 44: Asinius Pollio Verrucosus.

Footnote 45: A gap must probably be construed here. Bekker (followed by Dindorf) regarded it as coming after "secretly" and consisting of but a word or two (e.g. "he hated them") but Boissevain locates it as indicated above and believes that considerably more is missing.

Footnote 46: Reading εμελλον (Dindorf, Boissevain).

Footnote 47: Probably Cn. Suellius Flaccus.

Footnote 48: Cornelius Fuscus, pretorian prefect.

Footnote 49: Reading νανους (Dindorf)

Footnote 50: Verb supplied by Xylander.

Footnote 51: Pape thinks that the proper Latin form of this word be Tabae.

Footnote 52: Reading αλλα (Dindorf).

Footnote 53: Hartman (Mnemosyne, N. S. XXI, p. 395) would read αστιον for ασχω ν. "Maternus met his death because he had made some witty remark against tyrants." H. maintains that Domitian could not know what Maternus said in his closet; but to the present translator the MS. tradition seems to lend to this incident a greater homogeneousness of detail with the preceding, and he retains it simply on that basis.

Footnote 54: An error of the excerptor. The Lygians lived north of Moesia.

Footnote 55: His sister's daughter.

Footnote 56: An error, possibly emanating from Dio. The man's right name is T. Manlius Valens.

Footnote 57: Probably the person who is called Saturius in Suetonius, Domitian, chapter 17.

Footnote 58: Compare Book Forty-eight, chapter 44.

Footnote 59: As the MS tradition of this sentence is corrupt, the emendations of Polak have been adopted.

Footnote 60: The name is suspicious and possibly a corrupt reading.

Footnote 61: Compare Book Sixty-three, chapter 25 of Dio, and also Tacitus, Historiae I, 9.

Footnote 62: Compare also Pliny's Letters, Book Six, number 10.

Footnote 63: From Homer's Iliad, Book One, verse 42.

Footnote 64: Dio means by Italian one born in Italy, by Italiot one who settles in Italy.

Footnote 65: Reading προβεβιω χει (Boissevain).

Footnote 66: Latin, pileati. The distinction drawn is that between the plebeians and the nobles, to whom reference is made respectively by the terms "unshorn" and "covered." Compare here the make up of the Marcomanian embassy in Book Seventy-two, chapter two.

Footnote 67: Reading αυτομολω ν τινα (Boissevain).

Footnote 68: Saburanus. (?)

Footnote 69: L. Publilius Celsus.

Footnote 70: Exedares.

Footnote 71: Osrhoes.

Footnote 72: Some puzzling corruption in the MS.

Footnote 73: Probably in the days of Domitian.

Footnote 74: Reading ασελινον (Bekker) = "without the parsley crown" (such as was bestowed upon victors in some of the Greek games).

Footnote 75: ερυθρα from Erythras, who was said to have been drowned in it (as if in English we should invent a King Redd).

Footnote 76: The Tauchnitz reading, εν πλοιω will not fit the context. Just below ιθους (Bekker) has to be read for μυθους.

Footnote 77: Boissevain's reading.

Footnote 78: Reading επι (Dindorf) instead of περι.

Footnote 79: Compare Appian, Civil Wars, Book Two, chapter 86 (also Spartianus, 14, 4).

Footnote 80: Not the same person as is mentioned in the previous chapter.

Footnote 81: i.e., "we natives of Bithynia" (Dio's country).

Footnote 82: It is impossible to determine, from the date of this fragment, whether the subject should be Hadrian or Antoninus Pius.

Footnote 83: Seventeen, according to the common tradition.

Footnote 84: IV, 9.

Footnote 85: Compare also Zonaras V, 12 (p. 80, II. 3-11 Dind.). It is not certain whether this earthquake properly belongs to the reign of Pius or that of Marcus. If to the former, it must have occurred between 150 and 155 B.C. See Hermes XXVI, pages 444-446 (Boissevain: Zonaras Quelle für die Romische Kaisergeschichte von Nerva bis Severus Alexander) and XXXII, pages 497-508 (B. Keil: Kyzikenisches); also Byzantinische Zeitschrift I, page 30 ff. (article by de Boor).

Footnote 86: "Sextus of Chaeronea, grandson of Plutarch" (Capitolinus, Vita M. Antoni Philosophi, 3, 2).

Footnote 87: Or perhaps Osi.

Footnote 88: M. Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex.

Footnote 89: M. Iallius Bassus.

Footnote 90: Or perhaps Badomarius.

Footnote 91: Sex. Cornelius Clemens.

Footnote 92: Omitting χαι.

Footnote 93: This refers to the contrivance known as the clepsydra or water-clock, which measured time by the slow dropping of water from an upper into a lower vessel, somewhat on the plan of the hour-glass.

Footnote 94: See Galen, On Antidotes, Book Two, chapter 17, and On Theriac (to Piso), chapter 2.

Footnote 95: Reading εξελειν (Boissevain) in place of the MS. εξελθειν.

Footnote 96: P. Martius Verus.

Footnote 97: The reference is evidently to Book Fifty-five, chapter 23, but it should be observed that the names, though very possibly having the same sense, are not identical. The legion is here called χεραυνοψολος (= Fulminatrix or Fulminata) but in 55, 23 χεραυνοψορος (= Fulminifera).

Footnote 98: Cp. Mommsen, Staatsrecht, 12, p. 123 (or 13, p. 124); also III, p. 1108.

Footnote 99: From Euripides, The Suppliants, verse 119.

Footnote 100: Or five miles.

Footnote 101: Reading ημαλλον (Boissevain).

Footnote 102: C. Avidius Heliodorus (cp. Book Sixty-nine, chapter 3).

Footnote 103: Reimar suggested that perhaps Pudens was secretary of the Greek letters of Cassius, as Manlius (Book Seventy-two, chapter 7) was of his Latin letters.

Footnote 104: Reading επ εμου (Dindorf).

Footnote 105: The reference here made by Dio may very possibly be to a passage reproduced by Zonaras (XII, 1), regarding the authenticity of which Boissevain is nevertheless somewhat doubtful. For the sake of completeness a translation is here given (ουμην [Lacuna] εβιασατο):

"Yet he was not thereby induced to secure money from the subject nations. On one occasion, indeed, with wars impending, he had come short for funds and still did not devise any new tax nor endure to ask money from any one. Instead, he exposed in the Forum all the heirlooms of the palace, even down to this or that piece of finery belonging to his wife, and solicited their purchase by any person so disposed. This brought him a store of coin, which he distributed to the soldiers. By success in the war he gained many times the amount in question, and he issued a proclamation to the effect than any one so disposed among the purchasers of the imperial property might return the article purchased and receive its value. Some did so, but the majority declined. And nobody was compelled to restore any object thus acquired."

Footnote 106: Supplying, with Reiske, επετρεπον.

Footnote 107: What this name was no one knows. Sylburgius conjectured that it might be Aequanimitas.

Footnote 108: Since Apollonius was really from Chalcedon, an error may here charged to Dio's or some one else's account.

Footnote 109: Reading χατιω μενην (Dindorf, following Reiske).

Footnote 110, 111, 112: The MS. is here very possibly corrupt.

Footnote 113: P. Salvius Julianus.

Footnote 114: Vitrasia Faustina by name.

Footnote 115: Boissevain suggests that the "Roman Hercules" perhaps feared that Alexander might diminish his glory.

Footnote 116: See Book Sixty-seven, chapter 11.

Footnote 117: It is just barely possible that the o = riginal gave some different idea from "his contests were" (cp. the text of Boissée).

Footnote 118: Supplying ους (after Reimar).

Footnote 119: Reading εμηνυσαν (Dindorf, after H. Stephanus).

Footnote 120: Reading επηγγειλατο (Dindorf, after Bekker).

Footnote 121: Reading ερρω το (Dindorf).

Footnote 122: Pertinax is meant.

Footnote 123: Reading ογχο (Reimar) for the MS. ορχο.

Footnote 124: A slight gap in the MS., where we should perhaps read: "all of us who had done any favors for Pertinax or anything to displease Julianus" (Boissevain).

Footnote 125: Reading λελουμενοι (Reiske) for the MS. δεδουλωμενοι.

Footnote 126: The name, so far as can be discerned in the MS., may be Fulvius or Flavius or Fabius. The position and import of the fragment are alike doubtful.

Footnote 127: Located on the Capitol, and established by Hadrian.

Footnote 128: Reading πομπευοντες (Dindorf, after Bekker).

Footnote 129: Compare Plato, Republic, 399 C.

Footnote 130: Reading πενθιχως (Sylburgius, Boissevain et al.).

Footnote 131: P. Cornelius Anullinus.

Footnote 132: Compare Xenophon's Anabasis, I, 4, 4-5.

Footnote 133: The MS. text is faulty, and the translation, ventured independently, corresponds approximately to a suggestion by van Herwerden in Boissevain's edition.

Footnote 134: Supplying, with Reiske, σοι [Lacuna] χολασθηναι.

Footnote 135: The MS. is corrupt. Adiabene, Atrene and Arbelitis have all been suggested as the district to which Dio actually referred here.

Footnote 136: Omitting αυτου (as Dindorf).

Footnote 137: Some words appear to have fallen out at this point (so Dindorf).

Footnote 138: C. Iulius Erucius Clarus Vibianus.

Footnote 139: Two and a half lines beginning with verse 371 in Book Eleven of Virgil's Aeneid.

Footnote 140: Compare Book Seventy-four, chapter 11.

Footnote 141: Compare the beginning of Book Thirty-six (supplied from Xiphilinus).

Footnote 142: Supplying θερους (Reiske's conjecture).

Footnote 143: Reading γυμνιχων for γυναιχων, which is possibly corrupt.

Footnote 144: Reading Αλαμανναι for αλουμεναι, which is undoubtedly corrupt.

Footnote 145: Hesychius says of this beast merely that it is a quadruped of Aethiopia. Strabo calls it a cross between wolf and dog.

Pliny (Natural History, VIII, 21 (30)) gives the following description:

"Crocottas are apparently the offspring of dog and wolf; they crush all their food with their teeth and forthwith gulp it down to be assimilated by the belly."

Again, of the Leucrocotta:

"A most destructive beast about the size of an ass, with legs of a deer, the neck, tail and breast of a lion, a badger's head, cloven hoof, mouth slit to the ears, and, in place of teeth, a solid line of bone."

Also, in VIII, 30 (45), he says:

"The lioness of Ethiopia by copulation with a hyaena brings forth the crocotta."

Capitolinus (Life of Antoninus Pius, 10, 9) remarks that the first Antoninus had exhibited the animal in Rome.

Further, see Aelian, VII, 22.

Footnote 146: These cages were often made in various odd shapes and opened automatically. Compare the closing sentences of the preceding book.

Footnote 147: Reading αυτοχρατορων (emendation of H. Stephanus).

Footnote 148: This person's name is properly M. Plautius Quintillus.

Footnote 149: Compare Book Sixty-nine, chapter 17.

Footnote 150: The phrase φαλαχρου παραχυψεως has a humorous ring to it, and I am inclined to believe, especially considering the situation, that Dio had in his mind while writing this the familiar proverb ονου παραχυψεως, a famous response given by a careless ass-driver, whose animal being several rods in advance of its lagging master had stuck its head into an open doorway and thereby scattered the nucleus of a promising aviary. The fellow was haled to court to answer to a charge of contributory negligence and when some bystander asked him for what misdeed he had been brought to that place, he rejoined with a great air of injured innocence: "For an ass's peeping!"

Footnote 151: A. Pollenius Auspex.

Footnote 152: The significance of this happening is explained as follows. Taking the Greek form of Severus, namely ΣΕΒΗΡΟΣ and erasing the first three letters you have left ΗΡΟΣ = ΗΡΩΣ =heros, "hero." When a thunderbolt substitutes the word "hero" for the emperor's name, the supposition naturally arises that the ruler will soon be numbered among the heroes, that is, that he will cease to exist as a mortal man.

Footnote 153: The reading is a little doubtful. Possibly "in such cases" (παρα ταυτα). (Boissevain).

Footnote 154: Compare Book Thirty-nine, chapter 50, which, in turn, refers to Book Sixty-six, chapter 20.

Footnote 155: Compare Tacitus, Agricola, chapter 12 (two sentences, Dierum [Lacuna] affirmant).

Footnote 156: Reading υποτετηχς (suggestion of Boissevain, who does not regard Naber's emendation, Mnemosyne, XVI, p. 113, as feasible).

Footnote 157: Homer's Iliad, VI, verse 57, with a slight change at the end.

Footnote 158: The water-clock again. Compare Book Seventy-one, chapter 6.

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Table of Contents

- DIO'S ROME

- HISTORICAL NARRATIVE ORIGINALLY COMPOSED IN GREEK DURING THE REIGNS OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS, GETA AND CARACALLA, MACRINUS, ELAGABALUS AND ALEXANDER SEVERUS:

- NOW PRESENTED IN ENGLISH FORM

- HERBERT BALDWIN FOSTER, A.B. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Johns Hopkins), Acting Professor of Greek in Lehigh University

- 1906
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