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Title: Svensk diktning II
       Selections from Swedish Poets with Brief Monographies

Author: Various

Release Date: May 2, 2005 [EBook #15753]

Language: Swedish

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

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SVENSK DIKTNING II

Selections from Swedish Poets with Brief Monographies


BY

JULES MAURITZSON


NOTES AND VOCABULARY

BY

ERNST W. OLSON


VOL. II

College and High School Series of Swedish Authors
AUGUSTANA BOOK CONCERN


MALMSTRM--KARLFELDT

AUGUSTANA BOOK CONCERN, ROCK ISLAND, ILLINOIS, 1918.



INDEX:

                                        PAGE
BERNHARD ELIS MALMSTRM                    3
  VI SUCKAR DET S TUNGT UTI SKOGEN?       4
  DMJUKER ER!                             6
KARL VILHELM AUGUST STRANDBERG             7
  BARRIKADER                               9
  MANING                                   9
  MITT DDA BARN                          10
  TACK FR GOD VAKT!                      12
VIKTOR RYDBERG                            15
  DENIPPOS                                18
  I KLOSTERCELLEN                         23
  SNFRID                                 24
  TOMTEN                                  27
  I NATTEN                                30
KARL GUSTAV JOHAN SNOILSKY                31
  Ur INLEDNINGSSNG                       33
  GAMMALT PORSLIN                         34
  DEN TJNANDE BRODERN                    35
  I PORSLINSFABRIKEN                      36
ALBERT ULRIK BTH                        38
  VINTERSTMNING                          39
  EN PINGSTMORGON                         40
  BRIST                                   41
OSKAR IVAR LEVERTIN                       43
  EN GAMMAL NYRSVISA                     45
  FLOREZ OCH BLANZEFLOR                   46
  ITHAKA                                  47
  MODERSPRKET                            48
GUSTAV FRDING                            51
  VALLARELT                              53
  JONTE OCH BRUNTE                        54
  Ur STRVTG I HEMBYGDEN                 54
  Ur BIBLISKA FANTASIER. HOSIANNA         56
  MIN STJRNAS SNGER                     56
VERNER VON HEIDENSTAM                     59
  DJUFARS VISA                            60
  Ur ENSAMHETENS TANKAR                   62
  PILGRIMENS JULSNG                      63
  KALLAN OCH LFTE                       67
ERIK AXEL KARLFELDT                       69
  INTET R SOM VNTANSTIDER               71
  UPPBROTT                                71
  JUNGFRU MARIA                           72
  VINTERHLSNING                          73
NOTES                                  75-87
VOCABULARY                            89-195






SVENSK DIKTNING.




BERNHARD ELIS MALMSTRM


fddes i Nrke r 1816. Vid Uppsala universitet studerade han frst till
prst, men de humanistiska studierna, srskilt historia, filosofi och
Greklands klassiska litteratur, lade snart beslag p hans intresse.
Efter avlagd filosofie doktorsgrad blev han docent i stetik och
slutligen, efter lng vntan, r 1859 professor i stetik,
litteratur- och konsthistoria.

Han framtrdde tidigt som skald och vann livligt bifall--blott 34 r
gammal invaldes han i svenska akademien. Men denna vackra, lftesrika
vr fljdes ej av ngon rik sommar. I slutet av 1840-talet frstummades
hans sng nstan helt och hllet; blott undantagsvis ljd den vid ngon
vns eller lrares grav. Men frn hans lyra ha klingat ngra av de mest
smekande, smltande toner, som ljudit i svensk sng. Det r dock ej
alltid, innehllet motsvarar den betagande vackra formen; hans kanske
mest bermda dikt "_Angelika_" r i sitt musikaliska vlljud vacker som
sommarvindens sus i grantopparna och--lika enformigt trttande i sin
innehllslshet. Men Malmstrm hr alltjmt till Sverges mest folkkra
och helst lsta skalder, och varhelst svensk tunga ljuder, skall helt
skert hans "_Vi suckar det s tungt uti skogen_?" aldrig frlora sin
frmga att smeka rat och rra sinnet.

Sluten till lynnet och svrtillgnglig, levde Malmstrm i ensamhet och
tillbakadragenhet ett fga lyckligt liv, alltmera frmmande fr den
ungdom, vars uppburne talman han en gng varit och fr vilken hans
hjrta alltjmt klappade varmt bakom det slutna skalet.--Efter blott
ngra dagars sjukdom avled han r 1865.



VI SUCKAR DET S TUNGT UTI SKOGEN?

Och liten pilt han sitter en kulen hstekvll
och leker tyst inunder gula linden.
Han ser, hur ljusen brinna uti Gud Faders tjll,
och hr, hur lven prassla under vinden.
Men huru lnge pilten i sina drmmar satt,                             5
allt mrkare blev skogen uti septembernatt.
D suckar det s tungt uti skogen.

Och liten pilt han lyssnade, blev hemsk uti sitt mod
och brjade att springa utt leden.
Han tnkte stygga tankar och skrmde upp sitt blod                    10
och vilsegick p ljungbevuxna heden.
Han tnkte upp fader, p mor och syskon kr:
"Gud nde mig, som liten r! Om vl jag vore dr!"
D suckar det s tungt uti skogen.

Men mnen trder stilla ur snderbrusten sky                          15
och kastar silvertcket ver jorden.
Och skuggorna frskrckta till bergens ftter fly,
och trollena de flyga uppt norden.
Och bergens toppar glimma, men skogen han r mrk,
och uven sjunger sorgesng i regnbegjuten bjrk.                      20
D suckar det s tungt uti skogen.

Och liten pilt han lpte utver vidan hed
och tnkte p s mngen gammal sgen.
Och himlens stjrnor skredo, och natten led och led,
men ej s trffade han rtta vgen.                                   25
"I blida stjrnor alla upp den hga stig,
I vissnade sm blommor, o, sgen, sgen mig:
vem suckade s tungt uti skogen?"

Men alla stjrnor tego, och liten blomma teg,
och pilten mnga bittra trar fllde.                                 30
S kom han till sm lvors tjll. Med vingesnabba steg
han mitt i deras ltta ring sig stllde.
"O I, som trden dansen p ljungbevuxen stig,
I sknaste sm syskon, o, sgen, sgen mig:
vem suckade s tungt uti skogen?"                                     35

Och liten lvadrottning med fagra lppar log
och smekte liten pilt p rda kinden:
"Grt icke, vackra gosse, fastn du vilse drog,
fastn du blef s hemsk inunder linden!
Men stt dig hr p tuvan  ljungbevuxen stig,                        40
och torka dina trar, s skall jag sga dig,
vem suckade s tungt uti skogen.

Nr natten sakta stiger utver land och sj
och dagens sorl begynner att frsvinna
och vgen gr till vila inunder grnan                               45
och alla vackra stjrnor brja brinna,
d bliver himlens bge s ren och spegelklar,
en hr av goda nglar s tyst drunder far
och grter silvertrar ver jorden.

D ser i himlens spegel sin bild den arma jord                        50
och finner sig s dyster och frkastad;
hon tljer alla synder, all lgn och flrd och mord,
varmed hon r sen tusen r belastad.
D far en ddens rysning igenom hennes mrg,
d bedja alla dalar, d bikta alla berg,                              55
d suckar det s tungt uti skogen."

"Hav tack, du lvadrottning! Det glmmer jag ej mer,
ej heller fruktar jag att hemt vandra.
Se, dr i mnens strimma min rtta stig jag ser!
Farvl! Vi glmma icke brtt varandra.                                60
Vl r jag mycket ringa, ej har jag gods och gull,
men Herren vill jag lova, att aldrig fr min skull
det sucka skall s tungt uti skogen."



DMJUKER ER!

_dmjuker_ er, nr vrlden vill upphja
till himlens rand er ra och ert mod!
_dmjuker_ er, nr drars knn sig bja
med rkelser omkring er restod!
Vad r det lov, varmed de eder hlja?                                  5
Vad r ert rykte, o, vad r ert namn?
Ett stoftgrand mer, som tidens vgor sklja
till glmska bort i evighetens famn.

_dmjuker_ er, nr sann beundran stter
kring edra tinningar sin rekrans!                                    10
_dmjuker_ er, nr frlsta mnskotter
omgiva edra namn med evig glans!
_dmjuker_ er, och lgger kransen neder
upp hans altar, som er kraften gav!
Till himlen blicker, och dmjuker eder!                               15
Sen, vad r vrlden? Glmda hjltars grav.

_dmjuker_ er, nr krleken vill flyga
frn tusen skilda hll er famn emot!
_dmjuker_ er, nr vana hnder smyga
en blomstermatta under eder fot!                                      20
_dmjuker_ er, nr i en krets av vnner
p hjrtats tungoml ert lov I sport!
_dmjuker_ er, nr edert hjrta knner,
att det var gott och delt, vad I gjort!

_dmjuker_ er, nr livets gldje rymmer,                              25
nr rans lusteld en gng slocknar ut!
_dmjuker_ er, nr levnadsdagen skymmer
och sista blomman dr fr er till slut!
_dmjuker_ er, nr ungdomshoppet sviker,
nr himlens tuktan drabbar mer och mer!                               30
Nr sista stjrnan frn er himmel viker,
s varer glade, och _dmjuker_ er!




KARL VILHELM AUGUST STRANDBERG.


Den frisinnade, fosterlndska stmning, vilken som en varm vg gick
genom Sverges folk, dess samhllsliv och vitterhet, p 1840-talet, fick
sin dlaste och yppersta tolk i _K. V. A. Strandberg (Talis Qualis)_.

Fdd 1818 i Sdermanland, dr fadern var prst, kom han som student till
Lunds universitet. Bland sina kamrater dr blev han snart knd och
vrderad som skald. I djrva dikter, burna av en lidelse, som skapade
sig en ursprunglig och klangfull form, gav han uttryck t tidens unga
knslor, dribland ock t den sympati fr de frtryckta folken, ssom
t. ex. det danska och det finska, vilken d kom s mnga svenska hjrtan
att klappa i raskare takt. Han ryggade ej ens tillbaka fr att vid en
studentfest tmligen obehrskat angripa Tegnr, som ju i motsats till
Geijer allt mer utvecklat sig till en liberalismens motstndare. Ett
sdant angrepp mste naturligtvis i Lund betraktas som hgmlsbrott och
blev mhnda ej utan betydelse fr Strandbergs akademiska bana.
tminstone inskrnkte sig resultatet av hans studier till en obetydlig
juridisk examen, nr han 1847 lmnade Lund. Han bosatte sig nu i
Stockholm, dr han hade att kmpa mot ekonomiska svrigheter och nra
nog slet ut sig i arbetet fr sitt och de sinas uppehlle. En tryggad
stllning erhll han dock 1865, d han efter inval i svenska akademien
av denna utsgs till redaktr fr Post- och inrikes tidningar.

Hans diktning utvecklade sig, sedan han lmnat Lund, till allt mera
mognad. Den ungdomliga, brusande hftigheten lade sig, tonen blev mindre
lidelsefullt utmanande, och behrskningen frdjupade hans knsla till
mera stilla innerlighet. Hans sprk utmrker sig fr ursprunglighet och
kckhet, dr r malmklang i hans rytmer och hans ordskatt r av en
sllspord, stark och smidig, fgring.

Hans sista r frdystrades av sjuklighet, men dden kom pltsligt fr
honom. Den 5 febr. 1877 fanns han sittande dd vid sitt skrivbord.



BARRIKADER.

Hur ondskan Herrens helga rtt frsvagar,
hur vld och vld all del hug frstra
och sanningen i neslig landsflykt kra,
du ser, frdrager, p sin hjd beklagar.

Men skriften nmner, huru i de dagar,                                  5
d ingen vill Guds namn kring vrlden fra,
han skall den dda stenens tunga rra,
att den predika m hans namn och lagar.

S ro dock ej alla tungor fala,
nnu dr givas rster, vilka hinna                                    10
frn gatan upp till slottens balustrader;

och stenarna ha redan brjat tala,
p det rttfrdigheten skulle finna
p sistone en tolk i--barrikader.



MANING.

Vad? ro alla vra mnner dda?
Och ta harar vra fders brd?
Ett delt folk i fara r och nd,
och vi--se p, hur tappra mn frblda.

Frdrager politiken n med mda                                        5
den bl och gula rocken hos en rd,
n sen? Ha vi ej blod i verfld
att frga vra svenska rockar rda?

Eho, som rvt ett uns av Karlars blod,
skall, innan gonblicket n frsvinner,                               10
i pipan genast lgga ned sitt lod.

Vrt blod r gott, nr det p brstet rinner;
men knappt en kvinna ser med tlamod,
att det av skam p vra kinder brinner.



MITT DDA BARN.

Lugnt jag min lyckas summa vgde
mot lyckan under hgre tak,
fastn den rikedom jag gde
var sammanfrd i sm gemak.

Och som jag ej var med i ringen                                        5
kring statens fullbesatta bord,
s slapp jag trngas, och med ingen
behvde jag att byta ord.

S bjd jag vrldens vlan spetsen
och gladdes t den dag, som var;                                      10
men s brt dden in i kretsen,
och d frst blev jag fattig karl.

Ty tar du blommorna frn tuvan,
s str hon skvlad snart och tom,
och tar du ungarna frn duvan,                                        15
s har hon ingen egendom.

Det blste ingen flkt av oro,
du ljuva barn, de gonblick,
d dessa mina armar voro
den vagga, dr du slumra fick.                                        20

Jag var, nr du om halsen hll mig,
en gammal kvist, som gtt i knopp;
och sg du opp, det frefll mig,
som ett juvelskrin sprungit opp.

Det finns ej sinne, s frslitet,                                     25
som ej har barnagat krt;
det finns ej barn, om n s litet,
som ej r millioner vrt.

S skred min dag frutan strider
och i ett jmnmtt utan namn,                                         30
liksom ett skepp, som sakta glider
med fulla laddningen i hamn.

En kvll vi vcktes--och vid sidan
stod hlgd sjukdomens gestalt:
du lg i ryckningar och kvidan                                        35
och skte lindring verallt.

Dr lade vi oss ned att vyssa
till stilla ro de lemmar sm;
dr bjde vi oss fr att kyssa
till smns de vilsna gon bl.                                        40

Men all vr krlek litet hjlpte,
och ingen vnlig vila kom,
frrn den bleka dden stjlpte
i gryningen sin fackla om.

Och se, frn dina skuldror skto                                      45
sm vita vingar ut med hast,
som alla hinder genombrto,
i samma stund ditt ga brast!

Jag sg dem lyfta dig i kretsar,
en lrka lik, frn jordens bryn,                                      50
till dess till slut de fina spetsar
frsvunno, glnsande i skyn.

Och det vart dager i detsamma,
men skymning, skymning fr min sjl;
jag tyckte jag sg ljusen flamma,                                     55
men mrker, mrker likavl.

Du var mitt yngsta hopp, mitt sista,
och redan str din vagga tom,
och under locket p din kista,
dr ligger nu min rikedom.                                            60

Men vad mitt de tar fr kosor,
skall du som fjril vila p
en bdd av rda, rda rosor
uti mitt hjrtas bsta vr.



TACK FR GOD VAKT!

Farvl, farvl! Tack fr god vakt!
Jag hr en stilla rst,
som lnge viskat sitt "giv akt"
i djupet av mitt brst.
Min afton skrider fram med fart;                                       5
det gller kanske uppbrott snart.

Men innan detta brst r kallt
och handen domnat av,
nnu ett ppet tack fr allt,
vad livet vnligt gav!                                                10
Vad sr jag ftt, jag ensam vet,
och det m bli min hemlighet.

Tack fr det landet, ert och mitt,
som tnt mitt hjrtas brand
och som allt hittills sttt s fritt                                  15
som intet annat land,
med stor och allvarsam natur
i vinterur och sommarskur!

Tack fr det folket, dit jag hrt
och som min fostran gjort,                                            20
fr allt, vad drifrn berrt
min hug i sant och stort,
fr vad av minne eller hopp
det fr mitt inre rullat opp!

Tack fr det kra tungoml,                                           25
vari jag del har haft,
en hrlig skatt, musik och stl,
behag, frsmlt med kraft,
i tusen r vrt vsens borg
i vl och ve, i frjd och sorg!                                       30

Tack fr den strngalek jmvl,
som en och annan gng
med flyktigt vlljud fyllt min sjl!
Tack fr evrdlig sng
frn Stiernhielm, Spegel och n fler                                  35
till Kellgren, Lenngren och Tegnr!

Tack fr det hem, vars vggar gett
mig hgn frn dag till dag,
dr viv och barn jag kring mig sett
med namnlst vlbehag,                                                40
dr mngen morgon grytt och flytt,
d jag sttt upp som ung p nytt!

Tack fr att ej ett sparsamt brd
frhlls oss ngonsin!
Tack fr att ej den bleka nd                                         45
hann ver trskeln in!
Tack fr vart ord, som styrkt mitt mod!
Tack fr var sjl, som min frstod!

Tack fr allt lyckosamt och gott,
som blivit mig beskrt!                                               50
Tack fr det kors jag bra ftt,
kanske lngt mera vrt!
Tack fr att smrtan skrpt min syn
fr livets utsikt bortom skyn!

Tack fr det ml, dit jag blev ledd                                   55
vid kvllens matta sken!
Tack fr den grav, som varder redd
en dag t mina ben,
och att de f den ngd bebo,
dr snart min samtid gtt till ro!                                    60

Hur sknt att, nr s blir bestmt,
f lsas frn sin rot
och lyftas uppt, uppt jmt,
frklaringen emot,
att sista gngen hava sagt:                                           65
Farvl, farvl! Tack fr god vakt!




VIKTOR RYDBERG.


Mhnda har ingen svensk skriftstllare s haft allas ra och gt en
sdan allmn auktoritet som _Viktor Rydberg_ under de senare ren av
sitt liv. Han var erknt den svenska odlingens frmste och fr hans
personlighet med dess rika mngsidighet, nobla frsynthet och varma
humanitet bjde sig grna ven andar och viljor, vilka ej egentligen
hrde till hans understar.

Det var emellertid frst efter mnga r av betydande verksamhet p flera
omrden, som han ndde fram till detta allmnna erknnande. Lng och
hrd var vgen, som ledde upp till tronen i andens rike.

_Abraham Viktor Rydberg_ fddes i Jnkping den 18 dec. 1828. Fadern,
som tillhrt armen och deltagit i 1809 rs krig i Norrland, innehade
dr tjnst som fngelsedirektr. Outplnliga intryck mottog gossen av
sin moder, och nr skalden sedermera i den djupsinniga dikten "_Vadan
och varthn_?" sger:

    "----i min moders blick
    jag in i det eviga skda fick",

s r detta ej blott en vacker poetisk fras. Oddlighetstanken,
evighetshoppet, som r det centrala i Rydbergs livsskdning, hade
tidigt plantats i hans sinne av henne, "som lrde honom Guds namn och
bner". Snart skulle dock hemmets lycka skvlas. Viktor var ej mer n
sex r gammal, nr hans moder och en hans syster bortrycktes av koleran,
faderns frstnd omtcknades av sorg, s att han ej lngre kunde inneha
sin befattning, och syskonen skingrades t olika hll. Under ekonomiskt
mycket brydsamma frhllanden fick Viktor Rydberg nu kmpa sig fram till
en uppfostran. Frst r 1851 blev han student vid Lunds universitet, och
endast ett par r kunde han uppehlla sig vid akademien. Han ndgades
ska sin utkomst som privatlrare, under det han p egen hand fortsatte
sina studier i tanke att bliva ingenjr och sedan mjligen utvandra till
Amerika, dr redan tvenne av hans systrar befunno sig. Till all lycka
fr Viktor Rydberg och Sverge--och antagligen utan alltfr stor frlust
fr jrnvgarna i Frenta staterna--erbjd sig d tillflle till stadig
och lnande verksamhet i hemlandet. Frn och med 1855 fstes Rydberg vid
Gteborgs Handels- och Sjfartstidning, vars redaktion han sedan
tillhrde i tjuguett r. Hans bidrag till tidningen utom de rent
sknlitterra utgjordes av politiska artiklar, resebrev, litterra
granskningar, uppsatser i religisa och filosofiska mnen, och helt
skert har hans arbete i den liberala tidningens tjnst i hg grad
pverkat hans utprglat frisinnade skdning samtidigt med att det varit
av betydelse fr mngsidigheten i hans intressen.

P 1860-talet blev det hittills fga nmnda namnet Viktor Rydberg ett
fejdenamn, kring vilket en frbittrad strid uppblossade. Med sitt arbete
"_Bibelns lra om Kristus_" kastade sig d Rydberg in i en pgende
lrostrid. Han blev med ens knd ver hela landet och vann bde fiender
och meningsfrnder i stort antal. Striden, som vl egentligen bar
Rydbergs frsynta natur emot, verkade emellertid nedstmmande p honom
och hmmade ej s litet hans litterra verksamhet. Den hade dock det
goda med sig, att hans ryktbarhet kom ven hans romaner, frmst bland
dem msterverket "_Den siste atenaren_", till godo, vilka frst nu
brjade spridas i vidare kretsar. Smningom frdes hans intresse ver
till sprkliga frgor. Han sysslade ivrigt med sprkrensning och utfrde
p detta omrde ett synnerligen betydelsefullt arbete, p samma gng som
han utbildade sitt eget sprk till sllsynt renhet och sknhet. Sedan
han 1876 anstllts som frelsare i filosofiska och kulturhistoriska
mnen i Gteborg, gnade han sig odelat t vetenskapliga studier och
diktning. Hrifrn kallades han 1884 till Stockholms hgskola som
professor frst i kultur-, sedermera i konsthistoria.

Rydberg r alltigenom _id-diktare_ med mycket litet av lyriskt
knsloutbrott. Allt vad han ser varsnar han mot evighetens guldgrund,
under ondlighetens hga stjrnhimmel. Helst lgger han drfr sina
tankar i munnen p gestalter, vilka kunna tjna som typer fr vad som
rr sig innerst i mnsklighetens brst, ssom Prometeus, fr den
okuvliga stndaktigheten, Ahasverus, fr det mnskliga missmodet, Faust,
fr den oslckliga kunskapstrsten, och den flygande Hollndaren, fr
den bittra, evigt jagande oron. Hans sanningstrngtan och hans lgande
hat till allt frtryck, allt tvng, varhelst han n mtte det, drevo
honom i hrnad mot vergrepp och orttvisa. Han var stdse en kmpe fr
humanitet och bildning, fr den fria forskningens rtt. Men den eld, som
vrmde hans ord, brast sllan ut i lgor. Srskilt under senare r var
hans stridsstt stilla, och knslan av att skrvor av sanningen, som av
en sndersprungen delsten, letat sig vg till alla lger, gjorde hans
hand mild och varsam. Drfr blev hans ord grna det avgrande, och det
fr vilket alla bjde sig.

Vid hans dd den 21 september 1895 vart det kungssorg i Sverges land,
och efter honom knnes nnu saknaden kring ett hgste, som blivit
lmnat tomt.



DEXIPPOS.

(_I Aten r 267 efter Kristus_.)

Nyss p lddrig hst ett ilbud sprngde in i Pallas' stad,
och ett rop av ngest genljd under kolonnaders rad:
"Goten kommer, goten kommer! I gr afton stod han ren
knappt en dagsled--ve oss, ve oss!--knappt en dagsled frn Aten."

Nu av mn och barn och kvinnor vimlar tempelsmyckat torg;              5
alla vrida sina hnder i frtvivlans vilda sorg:
"Roma, du, som tog vr frihet fr att ge oss skygd och vrn,
o, var ro dina rnar, dina legioners jrn?"

Trda s p talarstolen stadens rd och fder opp;
ack, men deras bleka lppar ga ej ett ord af hopp.                   10
Ingen maning hrs till vapen, ty p gotens segerled
lgga kungar sina kronor, stder sina tinnar ned.

Och s vart till sist beslutet att i templen denna dag
under offer, bn och suckan bida dets hrda slag.
Tystnad rder ver torget, alla brst av bvan sl,                   15
nr Dexippos, hvdatecknarn, stiger fram och talar s:

"Finns ett hopp i vapenskifte? Alla hr ha svarat nej;
gotens lynne tl ej mothugg, drfr reta honom ej!
Hem och tempel skall han skvla vrre, trefalt vrre n,
om han ser hellener vara, liksom goter, tappre mn.                   20

Tron dock ej, att I med feghet kunnen kpa edra liv!
Bjrnjakt r en bragd fr goten, harjakt r hans tidsfrdriv.
Allt fr tungt det r att bida under suckan sdan gst;
nej, gr livets dag, den sista, till en korybantisk fest!

Folk, som ej vill lyfta svrdet, hj d bgarn i din hand!            25
Nr ej dygd kan elda hjrtat, tnd det i backantisk brand!
Hos befriarn Dionysos glm en stund din skam och nd,
du, som skyr befriarn Striden och befriarn del dd!

Stirren rusige p dden, I, som levat utan mod!
Raglen under vinlvskransen ned i Stygens svarta flod!                30
Detta r mitt rd till eder. Gn med det, atenske mn!
Men hr finnas gossar ven, och jag har ett rd igen.

Bort med dem, som stndigt glmma, att vad stort, som vrlden sg,
verkats har av spda krafter, spnda av en eldig hg!
Bort den blick, som, skarp fr hindren, r fr mlets sknhet skum!   35
Hdan, fege mn och gubbar! Fjrmen er frn heligt rum!

Bort, I vuxne och frvuxne! Kom till mig, du unga slkt!
O, jag ser, nu kommer vren, nu jag andas vstanflkt,
och bland unga plantor str jag som Dodonas gamla ek,
och i kronan siar guden om en hg, en del lek.                       40

Gossar, lt oss leka kriget, d en vrld befriades,
d Temistokles och Kimon levde och Miltiades!
Hell dig, Zevs, de leva nnu! Hell dig, Zevs, de st mig nr!"
Och en hnfrd gosseskara svarar rrd: 'De ro hr'.

Samlens d p Kerameikos! Fatten svrd och skld och lans,            45
ty vr lek skall ndas, piltar, med pyrririsk vapendans.
Skruda dig i hgtidsklder, kransa dig, du glada hop!
Snart frnimma berg och dalar evoe och frjderop."

Och en vldig skog av lansar snart p Kerameikos str.
Vilka lockar, vilka kinder, vilken hrlig mnskovr!                  50
Tusental av lekkamrater, ordnade i flock och tropp,
och inunder kransar gon, glnsande av mod och hopp.

Vill Dexippos endast skda vrens prakt i sina led?
O, lt ven sommarns styrka, hstens mognad vara med!
Mnner komma, gubbar komma, allt till vapen gripit har;               55
skilj ej gossen frn hans broder, skilj ej sonen frn hans far!

Dagen r en fest fr vren, unga krafters offerdag;
men de gamle ha fryngrats--tag dem upp i helgat lag!
Mnnen vlja sig bland gossar mrkesmn fr flock och tropp:
styrkan fljer glad frtrstan. Lt vr skara bryta opp!              60

Och nu tgar ut till leken under rop och blomsterregn,
mellan kvinnor, som i trar kalla ned Olympens hgn,
ett panateneiskt festtg, lysande i vapnens sken
bland oliver och plataner ur det bvande Aten.

Varm r dagen, men frn havet flktar vinden frisk och sval.          65
ver bergen stiger tget, stiger ned mot yppig dal.
Passet vidgas--se, en tavla breder sig fr hpen syn:
eld och rk frn tnda byar fara virvlande mot skyn.

Stndigt, stndigt nya eldar, och se dr, i moln av damm
gngga redan gotens hstar, glimma gotens vapen fram!                 70
n en blick utver fltet, och till hst Dexippos sprang,
och hans stmma, fljd av ekon, mktig ver hren klang:

"Lekens glada stund r inne. Sluten leden! Fllen lans!"
Leden slutas, lansar fllas, blixtrande i solens glans.--
"Framt!"--Fram falangen tgar.--"Och nu ljude stark och klar         75
stridens sng, tyrteiska hymnen, frn vr frihets stolta dar!"

Sngen brusar genom leden, tonande ur fulla brst;
gossars silverstmma blandas sknt med mnnens djupa rst.
Hr, han stiger, krigarhymnen! Hr, han lyfter sig mot sky,
svarad dovt av Nordens lurar, gotisk sng och vapengny.               80



ATENARNES SNG.

Hrlig r dden, nr modigt i frmsta ledet du dignar,
dignar i kamp fr ditt land, dr fr din stad och ditt hem.
Drfr med eldhg upp att vrna fdernejorden!
Ila att offra med frjd livet fr kommande slkt!
Fram, I ynglingar, fram i tta, oryggliga leder!                      85
Aldrig en knsla av skrck, aldrig en tanke p flykt!

Skam och nesa drabbar en hr, d i fylkingespetsen
framom de unge man ser gubben frblda och d.
Detta hves ju frmst en yngling, medan han nnu
lskligt i lockarne br vrliga blommornas krans.                     90
Fager fr kvinnor, sttlig fr mn m han synas i livet;
skn r han nnu som dd, fallen i slaktningens mitt.


GOTERNAS SNG.

    I nordanskogen
    dr nickar granen:
    O, Vodans slkte,                                                 95
    du vapenglada,
    g ned, dr pinjer
    och palmer sucka
    bland levnadstrtte
    och veke trlar!                                                 100

    Vig dem till vila
    med svrdets vaggsng!
    Br gyllne bytet
    till norrskensbergen,
    till kmpens kulle,                                              105
    till kmpens kummel
    i furors skugga
    och granars skymning!

Sngen tystnar, lansar korsas, rasslande emot varann,
svrden blodas, leken yrar skld mot skld och man mot man,          110
gotisk fylkning brcks och sprnges, och nr stumt r vapnens dn,
mrka Hellas' sner hpne, att de nu lekt Maraton.

ver likstrtt slagflt bryter ntligen ett jubel fram:
"Hell Dexippos, hell dig, arving av vr forna hjltestam!"
Och i jublet hrs en stmma, ack, s svag och spd och vek:          115
"Hlsa till min mor, Dexippos! Tack fr denna glada lek!"

Hjlten str med trat ga ver bleknad gosse bjd,
vars i dden vna anlet skimrar n av stridens frjd.
I sin famn han lyfter svennen, och han talar s: "Farvl!
Barn, nu p din mun jag fngar i en kyss din hjltesjl.             120

M hon sen i ord och toner svva jublande och glad
i de snger, som jag diktar, och p mina hvders blad!
M hon sen igenom sekler andas ungdomsfrisk och varm,
lngtande till dd och lekar, in i millioners barm!

Salig, salig, trefalt salig prisar jag en lott som hans:             125
att f flta hjltens lager in i gossens rosenkrans,
att ur lskad moders armar ila hn med kind i brand,
strlande av frjd och fgring, till att d fr fosterland.

Vad vr vrld r kallt frstndig! Vad vr vrld r fvitskt klok!
Och hon lnas fr sin klokskap med ett blytungt trldomsok:          130
vrldens klokskap fder henne sorg och feghet, skam och svek.
Fyll vrt land, o Zevs, med gossar, mod och tro och lust och lek!

O, hur sorg fr morgondagen fostrar lumpenhet och kiv!
Hur det fega allvar kastar ddens skugga p vrt liv!
Zevs, giv slktet gosselynne, hoppfull hg och fantasi!              135
D r trldomsoket fallet, d r vrlden skn och fri.

Ej vid Segerns stolta altar m hon firas, dagens bragd;
blygsamt p Barmhrtighetens vare offerkransen lagd,
ty din miskund, hge fader, lt oss i en sll minut
med en gudingiven barnlek plna seklers nesa ut."                    140



I KLOSTERCELLEN.

Gamle munken putsar lampan, styrker sig ur fyllda kannan.
Han kan prnta, han kan dricka fullt s vl som ngon annan.
Fr det ena kra vrvet har han ej det andra glmt:
fyllt har gubben mngen kodex, flera bgare han tmt.

Se, nu textar han s flitigt med en gammal bok framfr sig,            5
tryggt utver pergamentet konstfrfarna handen rr sig,
och av barnslig gldje lyser, d han ser sitt vackra prnt,
gubbens panna, sjlv ett ldrat, skrynkligt, gulnat pergament.

Vad han skriver, vilka tankar, bryr den gamle icke mycket;
riktig avskrift och siratlig r fr honom huvudstycket.               10
t var kapital, som lyckats, ler han glad och hmtar kraft
till ett "vidare i texten" ur de milda druvors saft.

Medan s sitt kall han skter, r den tysta cellen vorden
hylsan kring ett fr, som flldes av ett delt trd till jorden,
handen kring en liten lga, flmtande fr vind och drag,              15
liten lga, som skall varda stor en gng och gra dag.

Om han visste, vad han verkar, kanske skulle d han kasta
pennan med ett "hjlp, Maria!" och till bnkapellet hasta.
Ej du vet det, dogmens fnge, att du frlst ur glmskans hand
formeln, som en dag skall lsa andarna ur dogmens band.               20

Ensam r du ej i cellen: tyst, osynlig, vid din sida
dvljs ett sndebud frn honom, vid vars fot eoner bida.
Det r han, som styr din penna, dr hon gr s segerrik
fr att rdda Platos himmel och Perikles' republik.

Drick, du gamle, ljuvt r vinet, och det frjdar dig i sjlen,        25
och gr frdig, frrn du somnar, den dr nya kapitlen!
ver tusenrig avgrund s en bro du stilla slr
mellan tusen r bakom dig och framfr dig tusen r--

bron fr tanken, som skall grusa fngseltorn och krossa bojor.
Men i mrker hljas nnu herrars slott och trlars kojor,             30
genom klostergluggen skimrar gamle munkens lampa matt,
och utver vrlden skrider medeltidens stjrnenatt.



SNFRID.

I kvllens mrker och stormens larm
han hrde en rst vid sin fnsterkarm:
"Gunnar,
nu gr det bljor ver sj.
Kom, jag vill se, om din hg r varm,                                  5
om mod kan bo i en gossebarm;
kom, gunga p vg en huldrem!
Och rdes du icke fr svek och harm,
Gunnar,
d styra vi ut till din lyckas ".                                    10

Det var Snfrid.
Djupt i skogen stundom sg han henne;
lskligare huldra aldrig fanns:
skn hon var med bla gons glans,
gyllne lockar om det vita nne.                                       15

Han ilade ut, hon tog hans hand;
s gingo de ned till sjastrand.
"Snfrid,
hur fager du r i din silverskrud!"
Och mnen rann upp vid skogens rand                                   20
och lyste ur moln med rdgul brand
 seglet, som spndes p ungmns bud,
och snckan hon skt i skum frn land.
"Snfrid,
vi gunga p vg, mina drmmars brud!"                                 25

Vid hans sida
sitter hon och lyss till vindens saga,
skdar drmmande till mnens klot;
runt omkring dem dnar vgors hot,
runt omkring dem stormens rster klaga.                               30

Nu vrker en brnning mot stav och stam;
dr skjuter en berghg udde fram.
"Gunnar,
vi syna guld i mnljus natt".
S locka sm troll i dvrgaham;                                       35
de locka och vinka frn bergets kam:
"Kom, gosse, tag din lycka fatt!
Vi skola dig fria frn armods skam.
Gunnar,
giv oss din sjl, d fr du vr skatt".                               40

Det viner i luft, det skummar p fjrd,
dr brusar nu fram en rasande frd.
"Gunnar,
dr kommer Utgrds vilda jakt!"
De komma med lurar och fanor och svrd                                45
och ryta sin dvande hyllningsgrd
t vldet, som Midgrd i kedjor lagt.
"Giv oss din sjl, och i minnets vrld,
Gunnar,
ditt namn skall strla med rans prakt".                              50

Nu syntes en vik, dr mnen gt
sitt skimmer och bljan domnad flt.
"Gunnar",
s lockar en rst, "vnd hit din stv!
Dig vntar en hydda i lundens skt,                                   55
en trohet, som aldrig sitt lfte brt;
hr drmme du ljuvt vid strandens sv!
Den vnaste arm, som ett famntag knt,
Gunnar,
skall vva med krlek din levnads vv".                               60

    Men Snfrid reste sig
    hgt i stven:

    "Bttre r kmpens
    dla armod
    n drakens dolska                                                 65
    ro p guldet;
    bttre r hnad
    dd fr det goda
    n namnfrejd, vunnen
    i sjlvisk vlan;                                                 70
    bttre n fridens
    r farans famntag.

    Vljer du mig, d
    vljer du stormen;
    ty de hrda                                                       75
    hjltelivets
    runor lyda:
    'Svrd mot snda
    jttar draga,
    modigt blda                                                      80
    fr de svaga,
    glad frsaka,
    aldrig klaga,
    strida hoppls strid
    och namnls d'.                                                  85

Det r livets sanna hjltesaga.
Leta icke efter lyckans !"
Och i tcken
svann hans huldrem.
Ensam drev han kring i bljors ken.                                  90

       *       *       *       *       *

Gunnar, gosse!
Mnga vgar ppna sig till griften;
om bland dem du vljer kmpens stig,
genom oro, kval och hrda skiften,
genom tvivlets tcken fr han dig.                                    95
Trtt och ensam
kmpe i sitt blod den man, som lyfte
skld till vrn fr denna vrldens sm,
och ju himlen nrmare hans syfte,
desto tyngre fjt han mste g.                                      100

Dock, du gosse,
r du dina bsta drmmar trogen,
terser dig huldran ngon gng,
leker med dig, som I lekt i skogen,
sjunger fr dig trstlig runosng,                                   105
ppnar fr dig
dina barndomsminnens blomstergrdar,
nr frn strid du lngtar dit igen,
dr p Idavallen nornan vrdar
morgonlivets gyllne tavlor n.                                       110



TOMTEN.

Midvinternattens kld r hrd,
stjrnorna gnistra och glimma.
Alla sova i enslig grd
djupt under midnattstimma.
Mnen vandrar sin tysta ban,                                           5
snn lyser vit p fur och gran,
snn lyser vit p taken.
Endast tomten r vaken.

Str dr s gr vid ladgrdsdrr,
gr mot den vita driva,                                               10
tittar, som mnga vintrar frr,
upp emot mnens skiva,
tittar mot skogen, dr gran och fur
drar kring grden sin dunkla mur,
grubblar, fast ej det lr bta,                                       15
ver en underlig gta.

Fr sin hand genom skgg och hr,
skakar huvud och htta:
"Nej, den gtan r alltfr svr,
nej, jag gissar ej detta".                                            20
Slr, som han plgar, inom kort
slika sprjande tankar bort,
gr att ordna och pyssla,
gr att skta sin syssla.

Gr till visthus och redskapshus,                                     25
knner p alla lsen.
Korna drmma vid mnens ljus
sommardrmmar i bsen;
glmsk av sele och pisk och tm,
Polle i stallet har ock en drm:                                      30
krubban han lutar ver
fylls av doftande klver.

Gr till stngslet fr lamm och fr,
ser, hur de sova dr inne;
gr till hnsen, dr tuppen str                                      35
stolt p sin hgste pinne;
Karo i hundbots halm mr gott,
vaknar och viftar svansen smtt;
Karo sin tomte knner,
de ro goda vnner.                                                   40

Tomten smyger till sist att se
husbondfolket det kra;
lnge och vl han mrkt, att de
hlla hans flit i ra.
Barnens kammar han sen p t                                          45
nalkas att se de sta sm;
ingen m det frtycka:
det r hans strsta lycka.

S har han sett dem, far och son,
ren genom mnga leder                                                 50
slumra som barn; men varifrn
komma de vl hit neder?
Slkte fljde p slkte snart,
blomstrade, ldrades, gick--men vart?
Gtan, som icke lter                                                 55
gissa sig, kom s ter.

Tomten vandrar till ladans loft;
dr har han bo och fste
hgt p skullen i hets doft
nra vid svalans nste.                                               60
Nu r vl svalans boning tom,
men till vren med blad och blom
kommer hon nog tillbaka,
fljd af sin npna maka.

D har hon alltid att kvittra om                                      65
mnget ett frdeminne,
intet likvl om gtan, som
rr sig i tomtens sinne.
Genom en springa i ladans vgg
lyser mnen p gubbens skgg;                                         70
strimman p skgget blnker,
tomten grubblar och tnker.

Tyst r skogen och nejden all:
livet dr ute r fruset;
blott frn fjrran af forsens fall                                    75
hres helt sakta bruset.
Tomten lyssnar och halvt i drm
tycker sig hra tidens strm,
undrar, varthn den skall fara,
undrar, var kllan m vara.                                           80

Midvinternattens kld r hrd,
stjrnorna gnistra och glimma.
Alla sova i enslig grd
gott intill morgontimma.
Mnen snker sin tysta ban,                                           85
snn lyser vit p fur och gran,
snn lyser vit p taken.
Endast tomten r vaken.



I NATTEN.

Tyst r lunden, och sjn, som kysst
strandens somnade ros, r tyst.
Aftonskimret, som milt besken
tempelkullen, har bleknat ren
stilla, drmmande stilla.                                              5

Tysta stjrnor ur havet g,
stilla palmernas kronor st,
sen drunder i myrtenskog
vinden suckade nyss och dog
stilla, drmmande stilla.                                             10

Tyst najad har p mossig bdd
sjunkit ned vid sin urnas brdd,
svd av sorlande kllans sus:
barmen hves i mnens ljus
stilla, drmmande stilla,                                             15

medan hon ser i ljuvlig drm
stelnad, kristallren, tidens strm
och all vrlden frn ve och harm
somnad in p Allfaders arm
stilla, drmmande stilla.                                             20




KARL GUSTAV JOHAN SNOILSKY.


_Karl Snoilsky_ [The Snoilsky family of Hungarian nobility was
naturalized in Sweden as early as 1651.] fddes i Stockholm 1841. Efter
avslutade studier intrdde han som tjnsteman i utrikesdepartementet,
dr han vann snabb befordran. r 1879 tog han avsked, lmnade Sverige
och bosatte sig fr en lng tid i utlandet. Frst 1890 tervnde han
till fderneslandet, sedan han utnmnts till verbibliotekarie vid
kungliga biblioteket i Stockholm, vilken tjnst han innehade till sin
dd 1903.

I Snoilskys skaldeutveckling kunna tre perioder srskiljas. Under den
frsta, som infll p 1860-talet, knnetecknas hans diktning av
"jublande livsgldje, optimistisk frihetsentusiasm, parad med varm
medknsla fr underkuvade och frtryckta folk, och en sknhetstrngtande
krlek till sderns natur och folkliv".

1870-talet visar honom betydligt frndrad. Den hnfrda livsberusningen
har eftertrtts av ett smtt hnfullt betraktande p avstnd av livet,
liksom av en som dragit sig tillbaka och ser p frn sidan. Och det r
fretrdesvis i sonettens kyliga, konstnrligt avslipade form han klder
sina tankar.

Nr han efter ett tiotal rs tystnad ter lter sin lyra klinga, r
denna stmning av bitterhet och kld borta. Rikare och varmare ljuda
tonerna, p samma gng hans dikt rjer en mognare, mera frdjupad
livserfarenhet. Det aristokratiska draget hos honom torde vara det
starkaste, och i sammanhang hrmed str den reservation, den ovilja mot
att ge sig hn, som prglar hans lynne. Men p samma gng har han
frstende lyssnat till tidens rster och drigenom demokratiserats;
hans frihetskrlek har smultit samman med en vek, fin, miskundsam
medknsla med de sm och frtryckta.--En srskild rangplats inom
Snoilskys produktion intaga hans ypperliga fosterlndska dikter:
_Svenska bilder_.

Som sprkkonstnr str Snoilsky ofantligt hgt. Kanske ingen av Sverges
skalder har ett s elegant utfrande, en s konstnrligt skert
utarbetad form som han.



UR INLEDNINGSSNG.

Jag bringar druvor, jag bringar rosor,
jag sknker i av mitt unga vin.
P alla stigar, p alla kosor
jag slr den ljudande tamburin.

Jag trttar ingen utver hva                                          5
med tomma foster frn drmmars hem.
Jag sjunger endast, vad jag ftt prva
med mina sinnen, de sunda fem.

I moget kloke, I versluge,
er har jag fga att bjuda p.                                         10
Du varma hjrta p tre och tjuge,
du, vet jag skert, skall mig frst.

Kom, du som spritter i varje fiber
och ej r vn av att skrda ord,
flj mig till Brenta, flj mig till Tiber,                            15
om det ibland knns fr kallt i nord!

Hesperien heter det paradiset,
dr aldrig sommarn tar ngot slut,
och ingen knarrig kerub med riset
de slla syndiga jagar ut.                                            20

       *       *       *       *       *

Ja, lt oss ila, ja, lt oss springa
som yra flar av idel frjd!
Hr du? Osynliga fljter klinga
ur luft, ur vgor, i dal, p hjd.

O, vad mitt hjrta har vndats, fnget                                25
i frack, i flrd och i onatur!
Mitt unga lejon, tag nu ut sprnget
och sl med tassen omkull din bur!

Ja, lt oss svrma, ja, lt oss vandra,
dr yppig skymning bland rosor rr!                                   30
I morgon blyges man fr varandra,
att man var sll som en gud i gr.

I dag jag n kan f folk att lyssna,
fastn jag blott har en svag tenor;
i morgon blir det min lott att tystna                                 35
fr ngon rst, som r stark och stor.

I morgon skall man ha glmt det hela,
i dag dock lever min lilla dikt
och lter fritt sm fontner spela
i lust och solljus och tillfrsikt.                                   40

Sitt ner och plocka bland mina rosor,
och rr med lpparna vid mitt vin!
P alla stigar, p alla kosor
jag slr den ljudande tamburin.



GAMMALT PORSLIN.

En kung i Sachsen samlade porslin,
men samlingsvurmen blev en riktig sjuka.
Han bytte bort till kungen i Berlin
sitt garde--tnk--mot en kinesisk kruka.

Femhundra man med sabel och karbin,                                    5
som preussarn visste att frtrffligt bruka,
i exercisen smidiga och mjuka,
i krig en mur, tnk, mot--en bl terrin!

Femhundra man med hrpung och med puder!
Slikt drhusdd allt vanvett verbjuder                               10
frn vrldens brjan--ja, s tycker ni.

Sen bytet gjordes, har ett sekel svunnit:
femhundra tappra hjrtan brista hunnit,
den gamla krukan--hon str nnu bi.



DEN TJNANDE BRODERN.

P resan igenom livet
r du s trygg och tillfreds.
Vid varje station, det r givet,
ett dukat bord str tillreds.
Du far genom skna nejder                                              5
och njuter p dunvarm ejder
din rundliga vilas frid.
Sov stt--den tjnande brodern
han vakar emellertid.

Vem r han? Hos dig i minnet                                          10
hans drag ej fstat sig in,
hans hand med det grova skinnet
har knappast ens rrt vid din.
Som lampans ande allena
osynlig han plgar tjna                                              15
och visar sig blott som _gagn_,
ett mnghvdat, mystiskt vsen,
ibland ett sorl kring din vagn.

Det hus, som sluter dig inne,
ombonat, varmt och bekvmt,                                           20
din nya rock och ditt linne,
som lyser vitt och frnmt,
en gata, sopad och putsad,
att icke din fot blir smutsad,
det frska brd, som du skr--                                        25
allt det r den tjnande brodern,
som r i sitt verk dig nr.

Han hller i ngans tmmar,
han steks i maskinrummets sot
och fr dig i leende drmmar                                          30
omkring det rullande klot.
Nr i frtrollning du vankar
bland skaldens kolonner av tankar,
bland vlljud, som aldrig d,
den tjnande brodern, den svarte,                                     35
har fst dem p papperets sn.

S trampar han tyst den bana,
som det, ej sjlv han valt.
Allt gr som av gammal vana;
du tnker; jag har betalt.                                            40
Mer tarvas det ej, du menar.
Men tnk, om den ande, dig tjnar,
en dag toge annan form,
frvildad, frbittrad, frfrlig,
ett hav av huvun i storm!                                             45

Lr se i den tjnande anden
personen--en like och vn!
Tryck sjlva den valkiga handen,
ej blott en penning i den!
Hjlp honom att fritt sig frvandla                                   50
till en som kan tnka och handla!
Se in i hans anlete klart!
Lr knna arbetarn, din broder--
men minns: vad du gr, gr snart!



I PORSLINSFABRIKEN.

Jag p fabriken haft min gonfrjd
att se porslinsarbetarn strvsamt bjd
att svarva utan rast det mjuka ler,
tills n en kanna, n ett fat sig ter.

Mig r du mer n drivet silver dyr,                                    5
du kanna, skapt fr konstls vit glasyr;
mer n en vas, fr furstetaffel gjord,
min aktning har du, fat fr ringa bord.

Jag vrdar eder, enkla bohagsting,
som inom kort i tusental g kring                                     10
till hantverksmannens och till bondens bo,
dr mdan har sin knappa mltidsro.

P gagnlst glitter har jag sett mig mtt,
dess vackra tomhet umbr folket ltt;
men hell den hand, som skapar tyst fr dem,                           15
de arbetstrtte i de lga hem!

Ja, hell och ter hell var oknd hand,
som sknkte form t sklen, till vars rand
gr varm och brdskande en trstig mund,
d ntta verktyg vila fr en stund!                                   20

Ack, denna hand, vars verk vi g frbi,
lngt mera oumbrlig r n vi,
som blsa bubblor blott av granna ord
till lek vid vermttad bildnings bord.

O, den som kunde sknka dikten s                                     25
den enkla form, som tusenden frst,
den form som frambr kraftigt vardagsbrd
till tjnst fr hunger, ej fr verfld!

O tnk, att bilda i en lycklig stund
den bgare, som anstr var mans mund,                                 30
som fylls vid tidens djupa brunn en gng
fr tusenden, som trsta efter sng!




ALBERT ULRIK BTH.


_Bths_ frsta diktsamling, som utkom 1879, betecknar en epok i Sverges
litteratur. Tillsammans med Strindbergs "Rda rummet" och fru Edgrens
"Bilder ur livet" knnetecknar denna samling den rent realistiska
diktningens inbrytande i Sverige. Bth r dess frste lyriker. Helt
naturligt vckte hans debut uppmrksamhet. I stllet fr det gamla,
slentrianmssigt vordna verssprket, vilket utntts och frslats, s
att det mistat sin frmga att gra intryck eller framkalla en bild,
fann man hr en hel mngd nya ord, uttryck och former, som genom sin
nyhet gvo dikterna relief. Personer och landskap, som ansetts bannlysta
frn diktens vrld, framstlldes med innerlig sympati och kta
konstnrlig uppfattning. Bth kan skriva en betagande vacker dikt ver
sdana motiv som en piga i ett kk, den blinde spelmannen, som trampar
landsvgen fram, ett slttlandskap i vtkall kvllsdimma och hstrusk.
Sdan hans skaldeindividualitet visade sig i hans frsta dikter,
bibehll den sig alltjmt i de sex fljande samlingar, han utgivit.
Mjligen mjuknade hans form ngot, men i det stora hela bibehll den
sina ursprungliga drag av manlig kraft och krvhet.--Bth har ocks
utgivit arbeten om fornnordisk litteratur och odling och msterligt
tolkat flera islndska sagor.

A. U. Bth fddes 1853 i Skne, dr fadern var kyrkoherde. Efter
avslutade universitetsstudier i Lund promoverades han till filosofie
doktor 1886. Under studieren hade han 1874--1879 varit anstlld som
lrare vid folkhgskolan Vilan och gav senare ofta i sin diktning
uttryck fr de stmningar, som fyllde den fosterlndska
folkhgskolerrelsen. Han verkade ngra r som frelsare vid Gteborgs
undervisningsfond samt blev 1891 intendent vid Gteborgs museum och
samma r docent vid Gteborgs hgskola. Han avled 1912.



VINTERSTMNING.

S tyst kan det vara i julens tid,
d snn ligger mjuk ver frusen mark
och skiner p alla taken i byn,
p kyrkotorn och p prstgrdspark.

Men nr det lackar hn emot kvll                                      5
och rutan en stund i strlar sttt
och helgmlsringningen stannat av
och ringaren ned ifrn tornet gtt,

d sprjes det liv. Kring kyrkotorn
det flaxar och kraxar ett snacksllt lag:                             10
nog har man lov att ha glad sin kvll,
d rtt man haft sig en arbetsdag.

Frn arla i morse, d snn lg rd,
man strvat fr kallaste husmanskost.
Man snattat kring hus och grvt i sn                                 15
kring mark och by i bitande frost.

Frn parken det svarar med samma frjd,
dr har man sitt samvete lugnt ocks.
Det kraxar beltet i kronorna runt,
det kncker i grenarna d och d.                                     20

S blir det igen s juletyst.
Det vntas i kyrkglugg och prstgrdspark
p vikande vinter, p vr med mask
lngs rykande fror i solig mark.



EN PINGSTDAGSMORGON.

_Motiv efter en tavla_.

Sin symaskin hon trampar,
hon mrker ej det dagas,
hur lampans ljus i kammarn
allt mer och mer frsvagas.

Ej rast har henne unnats                                               5
de sista dygnen lnga,
och sinnet trttna hunnit
vid styng--de mnga, mnga.

Men frdig skall hon f den.
den sista ljusbl drkten.                                            10
Och gott blir s att somna
i sena morgonvkten.

Och sedan f fr vacker
och dyrkpt silverpenning
av ymnig pingstdagsgldje,                                            15
hon ock, en smula knning.

Det rr sig ren p gatan
och dagern in sig bryter
allt mer, i gyllne strimmor
den snart i kammarn flyter.                                           20

Ah, hur det dock kan suga
i dror och i leder--
om blott en stund hon finge
p bdd sig kasta neder!

Men frdig skall den bliva,                                           25
den sista fina drkten,
och sedan skall hon sova
s gott i morgonvkten.

Hon griper till, men hnderna
darra, och de slakna,                                                 30
och brst och huvud sjunka,
och tunga tankar vakna.

Vi vart t hennes ungdom
blott hrda slitet givet?
och ger hon som andra                                                35
ej rtt till frjd i livet?

Vi skall ur varma blodet
dess friska kraft frsina?
Vi skall fr andras gldje
ur hennes kind det tvina?                                             40

Vi lt hon sig ej falla
fr arm, som frckt tog taget?
Vi lt hon grten strmma,
som viste hjrtelaget?

Nog skulle hon i glittrande                                           45
prlglans bttre strla
n den, som snart sig vntar
i ljusbl drkt f prla.

Och gat stirrar, tills det
ej mer sitt ml kan finna,                                            50
tills tankarna, de mrka,
frblekna och frsvinna.

Mot vggens gyllne skimmer
det bleka huvut lutas,
och matta gonlocken                                                  55
tillsamman sakta slutas.

Mn unga sinnet ter
av tankarna bestormas?
Ha de blott flyktat hdan
Fr att till drmmar formas?                                          60

Kanske de ltt ha ljusnat,
allt medan hon ftt somna,
och ro nu som vnliga
syner terkomna.

Det ljusbl klnningsstycket                                          65
kanske det frdigt sitter
om hennes egen midja
bland grnt och solskensglitter;

och hon om livet knner
sig hult och hviskt tagen                                            70
och ser den drmde vnnen,
de kra anletsdragen;

och goda, djupa gon
hon ser emot sig glimma,
och allt hon ser omkring sig                                          75
i sol och jubel simma.--

Kanske, att intet--intet
i domnat sinne rr sig,
att blicken blott ser mattgr,
ondlig tomhet fr sig.                                               80

S lika gott--frn sorger
i solig stund hon dignat,
och grytt har helig morgon,
om ngonsin, vlsignat.



BRIST.

Och hade min sjl en annan, som vid den sig fste,
som knde dess krafter, de smsta och de bste--

en kvinnoande, en av de varma bara,
som knna s djupt, att gonen skda klara--

d skulle min kalla och strida sng mhnda                            5
varmare, mjukare toner i dagen snda.

Sg jag av vrlden en vr, som dugde att mla,
av livet en syn, som kunde i frger strla,

och skte dess mening jag, d skulle vi bda
i skuggornas sorg, i dagrarnas gldje skda.                          10

Dr skummast det var, kanske hon mig viste en gnista,
som kmpande lg--ett hopp, som tog liv i det sista.

Och dr jag blott ljuset sg, som fr strligt blnkte,
hon dmpade skenet och livande vrma det sknkte.

Nu lter sngen mest som ur ngars dimma                              15
en vipas vrskri i marskvllens dunkla timma.

Kanske att den d som lrksng stiga finge
hn ver ljusa flt och med ljus p vinge,

och sjunga den kunde varmt, vad den dejligt sge,
dr sol ver grna, vida bygder lge,                                 20

och fram d tonade rent ur de starka slagen
all bygdens lycka och sorg i den klara dagen.




OSKAR IVAR LEVERTIN.


_Oskar Levertin_ fddes 1862. Frldrarna, som hrstammade frn en
gammal frn Holland i slutet av sjuttonhundratalet inflyttad judeslkt,
[according to David Edstrm, the sculptor, related to Levertin by
marriage, the family were originally Spanish Jews.] voro bosatta i
Stockholm, dr fadern innehade en konsthandel. Gossen erhll en vrdad
uppfostran svl i det fint bildade hemmet som i det gamla ansedda Klara
elementarlroverk, dr han r 1881 avlade studentexamen. I skolan hade
han srskilt utmrkt sig fr sin stilistiska frmga. Vid universitetet
studerade han frnmligast litteraturhistoria, grekiska och romanska
sprk. Sin filosofie doktorsgrad frvrvade han sig 1887, och tv r
drefter utnmndes han till docent i litteraturhistoria. r 1899
kallades han till professor vid Stockholms hgskola, en befattning som
han innehade till sin dd 1906.

Dessa data bilda ramen till ett liv, som mer n de flestas r fyllt av
starka motsatser mellan sorg och gldje, ngest och hopp. Hans vg lg
icke s jmn och fri, som man vore bengen att tro, nr man blott tnker
p hans regelbundna befordran och p den hyllning, som kom honom ssom
skald till del. Tidigt yppade sig hos honom ett svrt brstlidande, och
tminstone tv gnger var han av lkarna ddsdmd. En brdstrtad sejour
ena gngen vid Rivieran (1881--82), andra gngen vid alpkurorten Davos
(1889--90) synes hava varit det enda, som rddade hans liv. Hans ungdoms
lskade, med vilken han 1887 ingtt gifterml, bortrycktes hastigt och
ovntat efter endast tv rs ktenskap av sllspord lycka.--Dden
kastade slunda tidigt sin skugga ver hans vg, och ensamhetsknslan
omfamnade honom tidtals i hela sitt mrker.--Drtill kommo vl ocks
slitningar av annan art. Genast vid sitt frsta framtrdande ssom
frfattare (1883) hade han helt och odelat anslutit sig till "det unga
Sverge", som den realistiska diktningens anhngare kallades; han drogs
dit bde av sin frihetsknsla och av sin pessimism. Men hans i grunden
romantiska sinne, hans knslogld och mystiska lggning och icke minst
hans av omfattande historiska studier fostrade hnfrelse fr svunna
tider drev honom s smningom allt lngre bort frn det litterra parti,
i vars frmsta led han en gng stllt sig--en utveckling fr vilken han
fick lida mycken bitter och ofrstende kritik.

Ej underligt d, att Levertin har blivit fretrdesvis de trnsjuka
drmmarnas, vemodets, ddsngestens och den heta lidelsens skald. Ssom
sdan har han skapat sig en helt ny stil, smidig, glnsande och frgrik,
och "drmt in sina stmningar i en rikt smyckad form, som blndade och
fngslade med sin konstnrliga och insiktsfulla bearbetning."

Utom ssom diktare har Levertin gjort sig ett namn som grundlig
vetenskaplig forskare och som briljant essayist p litteraturhistoriens
och konsthistoriens omrde.



EN GAMMAL NYRSVISA.

Staffan, Staffan stalledrng
vattnar sina hstar fem,
klar r nyrsnatten.
Jesus stllt dem i hans vrd,
ltit kvlla p hans grd                                              5
brunn med livets vatten.

Just d klockorna sl tolv,
trda de frn stallets golv
ut i grdens driva.
Himmelen r hg och bl,                                              10
klart bland alla stjrnor sm
lyser mnens skiva.

Dr gr lskogs unga hingst,
ljus och grann som sol i pingst,
prydd med brllopstmmar.                                             15
Betslet r en blomsterrad,
sadeln vvd av rosenblad,
silverskir till smmar.

Lustigt gnggar lyckans sto,
guldsmidd sele, guldsmidd sko,                                        20
van vid vilda ritter.
Lngtar ut mot drmda land,
rda aftonhimlars brand,
gyllne solars glitter.

Lngsamt haltar fram drnst                                          25
ndens gula, blacka hst.
Matta slpa stegen.
gat, glmigt utav svlt,
letar hackelse och splt
p den frusna vgen.                                                  30

Men vid pilens nakna stam
som en svart och spklik ham
sorgens fle drjer.
Blicken stel mot rymden gr,
huvut med dess dunkla hr                                             35
han mot marken bjer.

Sist med man och mule gr
som den sista dagen p
lderdomens himmel,
hovens slag mot sten och stock                                        40
dovt som mull mot kistelock
ddens isgr skimmel.

Staffan, Staffan stalledrng
vattnar sina hstar fem.
Ljuft r livsens vatten.                                              45
Festlikt blnka himmelns bloss.
Jesus huldrik hjlpe oss
uti nyrsnatten.



FLOREZ OCH BLANZEFLOR.

Nr aftonrodnan sin rosenkorg tmde
i den flyende dagens spr,
och maj i sitt vrliga tcken gmde
all hagtornens blomstersnr,
om blommas och vitblommas krlek jag drmde,                           5
om Florez och Blanzeflor.

Det var tv konungabarn, som lekte
med spiror och pplen av gull,
varandra som bi och blomma smekte,
d vren av doft stod full,                                           10
och ppelblommornas snfall blekte
all rtagrdens mull.

Det var tv konungabarn, som redo
till brllop en sommardag,
nr lekarne nyckelharporna vredo,                                     15
och burgundern rann rd ver lag,
och flten klverngorna spredo
i starka, kryddade drag.

Det var ett konungapar, som i gamman
vid hrden i hgstet satt,                                           20
njt de tunga trarnas sorgdryck samman
och samman festernas skratt,
tills dden slog aska p spiselflamman
och tog dem en krleksnatt....

Nr aftonrodnadens facklor blnkte                                    25
vid den dende dagens br,
och maj i sin skymningsslja snkte
min ensamma vandrings spr,
p blommas och vitblommas krlek jag tnkte,
p Florez och Blanzeflor.                                             30



ITHAKA.

Jag drmt som frmling p en frmmad strand
Gud vet hur mnga r.
Nu vill jag hem. Jag redan lagt frn land,
i silkesseglet stormen slr.
Framt mot obefarna vattendrag                                         5
frbi Herakles' stoder
mot fjrran  i bl arkipelag
jag vridit skeppets roder.

Dr ligger solskenslyst i havets mitt
mitt Ithaka, den ,                                                   10
dr frukttrdsvalven evigt lysa vitt
och dyningarna d
i sven som en mattad aftonsng
frn krleksdomnad lyra,
dit, vore frden n s hrd och lng,                                 15
vill jag min farkost styra.

Dr st det vita, marmorsvala hus,
i vilket jag vill bo.
Dr silverpoppeln har det hgtidssus,
som hgnar med sin ro.                                                20
Ack, vrldens vgar, jag r trtt p dem!
Jag hr det dunkla kravet
mot lngtans Ithaka, mitt hjrtats hem,
min vita  i havet.

P hemfrd stadd jag lyssnar s frstrtt                             25
p livets lust och larm
som p en man, som av en slump mig mtt
och hller fast min arm.
I brder, n jag gr som en bland er,
men ren mot slag som smekning                                         30
med avskedsstundens gtfullhet jag ler.
Jag har gjort upp min rkning.

Blott starkare frnimmer jag var dag
den manande musik,
som eko r av kvllens bljeslag                                      35
emot min hems vik.
Jag drmmer lutad ver skeppets toft.
I skum delfiner skalkas,
n syns ej n, men luftens mandeldoft
frtljer, att jag nalkas.                                            40

S vill jag bra allt, vad n en man
kan bra utav ve,
ty ett jag vet, ej evigt rcka kan
mitt hjrtas odyss.
Min sorgs, min gldjes skiljemynt--allt glms                         45
som mull i mull begravet,
nr skeppet nr sitt Ithaka, sin drms
vrvita  i havet.



MODERSPRKET.

Sagofrtljerska, nr jag var barn,
drmmens ande du vckte,
Fantasos' tmmar av purpurgarn
gossen vid elden rckte,
visor sjng frn min moders mun,                                       5
tanke gav leken vid bordet.
Ocks fr mig frn begynnelsens stund
skapades vrlden av ordet.

Fljeslagerska vart du mig sen,
hur sig n vnde mitt roder.                                          10
Mer fr mitt hjrta n ngon vn,
nrmre n fader och moder,
nrmre n bruden tryckt mot mitt brst
stndigt var du mitt sinne,
bikterska, trsterska, du vilkens rst                                15
diktade rastlst drinne.

Reskamrat, du i fjrran land
under frmmande himmel
log mot min lngtan, tryckte min hand,
ledsven i Babylons vimmel.                                            20
Ensamhetssorgen som David du
sjng frn min sjl med din stmma.--
Var du mitt sllskap, endast du,
hjrtat knde sig hemma.

S har du fljt mig frn barndomens dar,                              25
vxlande skepnad med ren.
Innerst dock alltid densamma du var,
bliver vl ocks till bren,
drmmerska, lskande tankens stl,
men i din tonvrld fngen,                                            30
svrmande svenska modersml
med ditt kvllsus i sngen.

Dig jag tjnar som tacksam son,
allt vad jag ger du sknkte.
Smedens konst r ju eldens ln.                                       35
Allt jag drmde och tnkte
kommer frn dig, som jag dyrka skall,
tills mer ej livstrden spinnes.
Bnhr mig, s nr lppen r kall,
man i ditt tempel mig minnes.                                         40

       *       *       *       *       *

Modersprk, du trdets sus,
stdse nytt och ondligt,
annat i morgon- n aftonljus,
men dock ett och bestndigt.
Tusende bladen frn topp till fot                                     45
kan till en kr du kalla,
lta dem knna, att samma rot
fostrar och brer dem alla.

Folkets levande andedrkt,
het av hopp och av strider,                                           50
arvked bindande slkt vid slkt
nda mot bortersta tider.
Alla stora hjrtan i dig
klappa, n nr de domnat.
Lyssna, och ekot mngdubblar sig                                      55
ndlst frn tider, som somnat.

Landets ungdomsbrunn med vg
speglande dd och dygder,
vinterlynne och sommarhg
runt ver Sverges bygder!                                             60
Hemlighetsfulla navelstrng
djupt emot jordens skte,
sng vid vaggan samt vid den sng,
dr oss dden stmt mte.

Guldtrd, p vilken vi vra liv                                       65
trda med skiftande dagar,
ring, som fster oss vn och viv,
tolk fr stjrnor och lagar!
Hgsta tankar, dyraste namn,
drmmen skimrande skrast--                                           70
modersprk, du br i din famn
allt oss i vrlden r krast.




GUSTAV FRDING.


_Gustav Frding_ fddes den 22 augusti 1860 p Alsters bruk i Vrmland.
Hemmet var musikaliskt och vittert men frdystrades genom sjukdom.
Fadern var till lynnet mycket melankolisk och led av lungsjukdom, och
nr Gustav fddes, hade modern redan angripits av en s svr
sinnessjukdom, att hon mste ska vrd p en anstalt under den nrmast
fljande tiden. Redan under sin skoltid hade Frding hunnit att gra sig
i ovanligt hg grad frtrogen med ldre och yngre svensk vitterhet. Och
intresset fr sknlitteratur--inlndsk svl som utlndsk--lmnade ej
mycket hg och tid kvar fr friga studier vid universitetet i Uppsala,
dr Frding r 1880 inskrevs som student. Han frde aldrig sina studier
fram till ngon examen, och efter fyra r vergav han Uppsala och
tervnde till Vrmland. Han blev efterhand mer och mer reguljr
medarbetare i Karlstadstidningen, dr han 1886 erhll fast anstllning
som litteraturanmlare, ksr och referent. Med undantag av de perioder,
d han p grund av tilltagande nervsjuklighet mste ska sanatorievrd,
tillhrde Frding Karlstadstidningens redaktion till 1896. r 1891 utgav
han--med mycken tvekan--sin frsta diktsamling "_Guitarr och
dragharmonika_", som emellertid vann en snabb och ovanligt vidstrckt
popularitet. Den fljdes 1894 av "_Nya dikter_" och 1896 av "_Stnk och
flikar_". Till dessa kommo ytterligare ett par sm dikthften, innan den
lnge lurande nerv- och sinnessjukdomen 1899 brt ut och kom hans lyras
strngar att brista. Han blev, tack vare omsorgsfull vrd, smningom
bttre, men fullt terstlld blev han aldrig. Han var och frblev en
bruten man, och som sdan framlevde han i stillhet och tillbakadragenhet
sina sista r p lantstllet "Grndal" ute p Djurgrden i Stockholm.
Dr slog den 8 februari 1911 befrielsens timme fr hans flmtande ande.

Under oerhrd tillslutning och allmnt deltagande firades hans
begravning. Blommor hade snts till bren av Sverges konung och
drottning, av Uppsala och Lunds universitet, av svenska akademien och
ett nra nog orkneligt antal korporationer och enskilda. Jordfstningen
frrttades i Klara kyrka av numera rkebiskopen Sderblom i nrvaro av
s mnga, som denna huvudstadens strsta kyrka kunde rymma. Tusentals
stodo utanfr, och i hundratusen rknades de, som kantade gatorna, dr
liktget skred fram. P extratg frdes sedan skaldens stoft till
Uppsala. Och p dess gamla minnesrika kyrkogrd lades det till vila vid
facklors fladdrande sken och under det studentfanorna snktes till en
sista, stum hyllning.

Frdings tidigare dikter uppenbara en rik humor, en sllsynt
iakttagelsefrmga och gestaltningskraft och en frbluffande teknisk
skicklighet, som med det sklmskaste behag vervinner alla svrigheter.
Senare--kanske delvis p grund av sin sjuklighet--drogs han alltmera
till det bisarra och tungsinta, och hans dikt omfattar de mest skiftande
sinnestillstnd: sorgsls ungdomsgldje, stolt patos, grubblande allvar,
svrmod, hn och satir. Hans skaldskap r ett av dem, som mest bidragit
till den svenska diktkonstens psykologiska frdjupning.

I formellt hnseende har Frding en alldeles srskild betydelse. En
fenomenal virtuositet i det sprkliga uttrycket har ltit honom uppn de
strsta verkningar genom suggestivt ordval och en nra nog enastende
rytmisk fullndning. Han gde absolut suvernitet ver rimmens ostyriga
skara, och hans ra var srskilt knsligt fr ordens vlljud och klang.
Trots ett outtrttligt medvetet arbete p formen och trots alla
nybildningar bde i frga om ord och versmtt, frlorar hans stil aldrig
sin enkelhet och naturlighet.



VALLARELT.

Hr du ej bjllrorna? Hr du, hur sngen
vallar och gr och gr vilse i vall?
Korna de rma och pskynda gngen,
flja i lunk efter jntans trall.

Hr, hur det ljuder kring myr och mo:                                  5
"Lilja--mi Lilja--mi Lilja--mi ko!"
Eko vaknar i bergigt bo,
svarar ur hllarna:
Lilja--mi Lilja--mi ko!

Bjllklangen dallrar och faller och stiger,                           10
suset r stilla och vilar i ro,
skogen r kvlltung och smnig och tiger.
Endast den vallande
lten gr kallande
fram genom nejden kring myr och m.                                   15

Natten r nra, och solskenet rymmer;
ser du p tjrnet, hur tcknet str?
Skuggan frlnges, frttas och skymmer,
snart ver skogarna mrkret rr.

Mrk sover tallen, mrk sover granen,                                 20
dovare sorlar en bergbcks fall.
Fjrmare klingar den hga sopranen,
vallar och gr och gr vilse i vall.



JONTE OCH BRUNTE.

De kommo frn ngen,
och Brunte var hsten,
och Jonte var drngen,
som tjnte hos prsten,
och gammal var Jonte                                                   5
och gammal var Brunte
och stocklat fr resten.

"H ja, gamle Brunte,
fr jmnan det tlas,
att vi tv", sa Jonte,                                                10
"bli sist med vrt hlass,
--nr vgen r krokig,
vem raggen kan hjlpa,
att litet det slas?"

Och Jonte han runkade                                                 15
svligt p nacken,
och Brunte han lunkade
svligt i backen.
"Och jmt f vi ovett
fr mdan", sa Jonte,                                                 20
--"skall det vara tacken?"

Men Brunte han vnde
den ldriga mulen
tillbaka och snde
frsiktigt frstulen                                                  25
en blick under lasset
att se, om det nnu
gick runtom med hjulen.

Och lugnad han svngde
med svansen t Jonten.                                                30
Men Jonten han blngde
blott smnigt t Brunten.
Han hr ej, han ser ej,
han glmmer snart allting,
den utgamle strunten.                                                 35

"Ja, nu r han utgammal
bliven hos prsten,
och jag r vl skjutgammal
sjlv", tnkte hsten,
"men gott r att sova                                                 40
och f sig till kvllen
en htapp i vsten!"

Och Jonte han fumlade
drumligt med tmmen,
och Brunte han drumlade                                               45
framt i drmmen,
han sttte, han stracklade,
--hlasset vacklade
fram utmed strmmen.



UR STRVTG I HEMBYGDEN.


I.

Det r skimmer i molnen och glitter i sjn,
det r ljus ver strnder och ns,
och omkring str den hrliga skogen grn
bakom ngarnas gungande grs.

Och med sommar och sknhet och skogsvindsackord                        5
str min hembygd och hlsar mig glad,
var mig hlsad!--Men var r min faders grd,
det r tomt bakom lnnarnas rad.

Det r tomt, det r brnt, det r hrjat och kalt,
dr den lg, ligger berghllen bar,                                   10
men drver gr minnet med vinden svalt,
och det minnet r allt som r kvar.

Och det r, som jag sge en gavel st vit
och ett fnster st ppet dri,
som piano det ljd och en munter bit                                  15
av en visa med kck melodi.

Och det r, som det vore min faders rst,
nr han nnu var lycklig och ung,
innan sngen blev tyst i hans ddssjuka brst
och hans levnad blev sorgsen och tung.                                20

Det r tomt, det r brnt, jag vill lgga mig ned
invid sjn fr att hra hans tal
om det gamla, som gtt, medan tiden led,
om det gamla i Alsterns dal.

Och sitt sorgsna och sorlande svar han slr,                          25
men s svagt, som det blott vore drmt:
"Det r kastat fr vind sedan tjugu r,
det r dtt och begravet och glmt.

Dr du kra gestalter och syner minns,
dr str tomheten de och kal,                                        30
och min eviga vaggsng r allt som finns
av det gamla i Alsterns dal."



UR BIBLISKA FANTASIER.


HOSIANNAH!

Grer portarna hga och drrarna vida
och hng slingor av grnt ver ringmuren din,
dotter Zion, statt upp, att din konung m rida
som en rones konung,
en rones konung,                                                      5
som en rones konung m draga drin!

Lter harporna ljuda, basunerna stta
och lgg klden och palmer fr konungens fot,
lt ditt folk strmma ut att sin hrskare mta
under gldje och gamman,                                              10
gldje och gamman,
under gamman och frjd g sin konung emot!

Bortom skyn r hans rike av vin och av honung,
bortom skyn r hans hrskarors vapendn,
han r krlekens konung och frihetens konung                          15
--klinge hgt: Hosiannah!
hgt: Hosiannah!
klinge hgt: Hosiannah, Davids son!



MIN STJRNAS SNGER.


I.

Med vrede du ser frn din gyllne stol,
hur min stjrna slocknar och flckas,
vi gav du min stjrna s svagt, min sol,
av ditt ljus, att det s skall slckas?

Jag r dock din son, och allt fr, jag ftt                            5
till mitt ljus, r vl ftt av din lga,
s lider du sjlv av det ont mot gott,
som fr mig varit sjukdom och plga.

Och r ej min flck av din egen art,
men av ont ifrn rymdernas ken,                                      10
vi sttte du mig med s vldsam fart
lngt ut, djupt i mrker och tcken?


II.

Du sger: "Kom hem till din faders grd
att kyssas av faderslppar!"
Din krlek r mig fr bitter och hrd,                                15
den smeker och kysser med kppar.

Med slag du renar, med kniven du tvr,
mot din krlek jag hrt vill mig vrna,
det knns, som du tvdde s flckar och sr
som livskraft och ljus ur min stjrna.                                20

Du tvr med din lut min stjrna ren,
den varder s ren som ett vatten,
d bliver s tomt min stjrnas sken
som en vattnets avbild av natten.


III.

Min stjrna var nd vl ngot vrd,                                  25
trots flck och frsvagat ljus,
en n milt lysande vnlig hrd
fr mig och mitt fattiga hus.

Det lyste av mitt om allt dr var,
det var gott, fastn ej likt ditt,                                    30
din brnnande strles eld bortskar
allt ljus, som var medftt mitt.

S brinn och frbrnn i mitt fattiga hus,
din lga, den hatar jag,
till sot den brnner min stjrnas ljus                                35
rttfrdighetsfullt enligt lag.

S brnn d och tro, att du bor i mig,
du bor i min utrymda sal,
ditt "brinn och tala" r "slockna och tig",
du lyser ett utbrnt skal.                                            40


IV.

En sista gnista av stjrna r kvar,
den vill jag frska att rdda
och draga en vg, dr ingen far,
och stigar av ingen betrdda.

Jag hatar din hjlp, och jag tror ej ditt ord,                        45
trots ditt skryt, att du lyser fr vrldar,
din visdom r ej fr stjrnor gjord,
den vanvettiggr och frhrdar.

Ditt faderskap r av tvivel hljt,
min frndskap med ditt folk r ingen,                                 50
kanhnda en annan sol jag fljt
som broder i syskonringen,

men kom som en bortbytt till dig och er,
dr frmmande gon stirra,
jag vill icke vara i ditt land mer,                                   55
i fjrran rymd vill jag irra.

Dr vill jag slockna i ensamhet
lngt bort frn din hatade flamma,
som brnner med krlek, tills ingen vet,
om ej krlek och hat r detsamma.                                     60




VERNER VON HEIDENSTAM.


_Karl Gustav Verner v. Heidenstam_ fddes den 6 juli 1859. Han rjde
tidigt livlig fantasi och konstnrliga anlag och idkade redan som
sjuttonring konstnrsstudier i Paris. Ganska snart fann han emellertid,
att hans rtta uttrycksmedel icke var frgerna utan orden, och efter att
i flera r hava vistats i Italien, Grekland och Orienten tervnde han
1887 till Sverge och debuterade fljande r med diktsamlingen _Vallfart
och vandringsr_. I denna brt han med den nnu i allmnhet hrskande
realistiska riktningen, hvdade fantasiens och inbillningens rtt
gentemot den exakta verklighetsskildringen och frkunnade en p
njutningen av nuet och p en naiv sknhetskult grundad livsgldje, som
stod i skarpaste motsats till den rdande pessimismen inom litteraturen.
I sin nrmast fljande produktion: _Frn Col di Tenda till Blocksberg_
(1888), _Endymion_ (1889) och _Hans Alienus_ (1892) fortstter han sitt
skande efter livsgldje och sknhetsnjutning men anslr snart
allvarligare och djupare toner, i samma mn som han tervnder till
inhemska motiv. S i sina r 1895 utgivna _Dikter_. Den svenskhet i
tonen, som spras i denna diktsamling, varslar om den riktning mot det
nationella, som r det mest framtrdande draget i Heidenstams senare
frfattareskap och som ftt sitt sttligaste uttryck i de bda
historiska skildringarna _Karolinerna_ (1897--1898) och _Folkungatrdet_
(1905--1907). Bland vriga alster av hans penna mrkas _Heliga Birgittas
pilgrimsfrd_ (1901), _Skogen susar_ (1904), flera smrre spirituella
och stmningsfulla essayer samt _Nya dikter_ (1915). Dessa senare
beteckna hittills hjdpunkten av skaldens utveckling; tankeinnehllet
har frdjupats, och hans stil ftt en klarhet och linjerenhet, som br
klassicitetens adelsmrke.

Heidenstam erhll 1916 nobelpriset i litteratur.



DJUFARS VISA.

I danserskornas stad, det glada Tanta,
dr bomullsbuskens ros blir vit och gul
och Nilens delta str med grna majsflt
och bufflar draga vattenhissens hjul,
i detta Tanta levde gamle Djufar.                                      5
Han var beryktad fr sin tungas makt
att dikta lnga sterlndska verser
i takt med danserskornas muntra takt.
Han sjng s vackert om sin stad, som lg
med hundra duvtorn, torg och minaret,                                 10
att den som hnryckt ej sprang in i dansen,
betckte gat med sin hand och grt.

En morgon tidigt satt han p sin trskel.
Fast lgt stod solen, var han redan kldd.
D ropte alla flickorna vid brunnen:                                  15
"Nu diktar Djufar! Han har glmt sin bdd!
I afton kanske, nr i haschischrk
p nakna ftter och vid fljters lt
vi dansa sljdans, att han sjunger visan
och lockar n vrt skratt och n vr grt."                           20

D sade Djufar: "Har jag tid till sng?
Min tid r kort till kengravens blund.
Jag har ej rd att fr min smn frsumma
en sdan sval och ljuvlig morgonstund."

D ropte yngsta flickan med ett skratt                                25
och lyfte krukan p sitt svarta hr:
"Vr vn r alltfr gammal till att dikta.
Nr fyller Djufar sina hundra r?"

Frbittrad steg den krkte gubben upp
och strdde trumpen brd fr sina duvor.                              30
Men nr han sg kupolerna, som vlvde
p stadens hjder som en klase druvor,
och sg kring sltten, klarnade hans min.
"Kom, barn! Om jag var hundra r och mer,
frmdde n min gamla tunga sjunga,                                   35
nr frn min trskel denna trakt jag ser."

Det blev ett jubel. Folket kom ur staden
och satte sig som kring ett lgerbl,
och deras trummare bar ut sin puka,
en fiskskinnsverdragen mssingsskl.                                 40
Nr musikanterna nu bildat ring
med fljten lyft och lutan p sitt kn
och med sin smckra, strngade rebabe,
vars buckla sken av indiskt sandeltr,
och nr nu danserskorna togo dans,                                    45
s var kring deras panna fstad slant
begynte glindra som en liten gnista;
d steg Djufar upp p brunnens lga kant.

Han drog en papersremsa och en penna
frsiktigt ur en avlng silverslida                                   50
och knppte upp sitt blckhorn, vilket hngde
i gula silkessnren vid hans sida.
Dr lg ett sorglst lugn p denna trakt,
p tystnadens bestndigt tysta land,
p dvalans land, det tigande Egypten,                                 55
dr sjlva vattnet ljudlst slr sin strand.
P deltats revlar sov en rad flamingos.
Ett fartyg sam p vattnets gula spegel
med akterhuset mlat grnt och rtt
och drev med floden utan rodd och segel.                              60

Den gamle Djufar tog som en aktr
p brunnens kant hgtidligt ut sitt steg,
och mdrar lyfte sina barn i hjden
i vntan p hans sng--men Djufar teg.
Hans gon vidgades och glnste under                                  65
hans panna, som var brun som mrknat lder,
och i den ivrigt lyfta handen sken

mot kornbl luft hans pennas vita fjder.
Han rrde sina lppar tyst, och han,
som med sin vers och klangen av sin rst                              70
s ofta lockat ljen eller trar,
lt hakan lngsamt sjunka mot sitt brst.

Han vnde sig frn folket och betckte
sitt huvud med en rm av sin burnus.
Han brast i grt. Han lt sin penna falla                             75
och gick tillbaka till sitt lga hus.

D ropte nrmsta flickan: "Ganska sant
blev Djufar spdd, att diktens stora gldje
ej mer r hans."--Den andra flickan gick
frgrymmad hem frn brunnen, men den tredje                           80
gav musikanterna en vink och tog
hans pappersremsa, som lg vt av grt.
Hon lyfte den och bar den, fljd av folket,
vid strngarnas och pukans muntra lt.
Hon gick till stadens stilla helgedom.                                85
Dr fstes remsan i en pelargng,
och Tantas dttrar kysste den och mindes
i lnga tider Djufars tysta sng.

Den gats gldje sterlandet sknker
kan ingen skildra i en skriven rad,                                   90
men gamle Djufar mlar denna gldje
i sitt av trar vtta, tomma blad.



UR ENSAMHETENS TANKAR.


IV.

Jag lngtar hem sen tta lnga r.
I sjlva smnen har jag lngtan knt.
Jag lngtar hem. Jag lngtar, var jag gr
--men ej till mnniskor! Jag lngtar marken,
jag lngtar stenarna, dr barn jag lekt.                               5


XVIII.

Kring halva jorden jag letat har
en punkt, som jag vackrast fick kalla.
S vackra voro de alla,
att ingen vackrare var.

Tag allt som r mitt och mitt kan bli,                                10
men lmna min yppersta gva
att kunna njuta och lova,
dr en annan gr kallt frbi!



PILGRIMENS JULSNG.

Hstens slagregn och steppens sol
blekte pilgrimsdrkten.
Upp jag steg, d hanen gol
tidigt i morgonvkten.
Hundramilade                                                           5
hn mot Sverige
vgarna stego, och frst mot kvlln
trtt jag vilade;
natthrbrge
bjds p halmen vid spiselhlln.                                      10

Korsfararsagor och pilgrimsskrock
letade tanken till rtta.
Snart i drren en lantlig flock
tyst mig hrde bertta.
Kvinnorna lutade                                                      15
ttt sig samman
arm i arm i lyssnande led.
Gnistorna sprutade
hgt ur flamman,
vilken slickade spiselns ved.                                         20

ventyr p villande vg,
mnget vallfrdsminne
sorglst tolkades, men jag frteg
elden, som falnar mitt sinne.
Sjlvfrpinande                                                       25
helig broder
dljs ej under den rock jag br.
Ej den skinande
fru Gudsmoder
mina aningars drottning r.                                           30

Genomvandrat jag har allen
skuggornas land, de de.
Lngt i knen bland tistlar och ben
talade jag med de dde.
Sund och levande                                                      35
gick jag dem nra,
log och snyftade samman med dem.
Fljde dem bvande,
fick dem kra,
skte i skuggornas hem ett hem.                                       40

Skuggorna rrde min panna--och sknt
steg en fornvrld ur graven.
Ninives dttrar virade grnt
runt kring pilgrimsstaven.
Stjrnorna blossade                                                   45
bibliskt klara.
Sakta susade strngaspel.
Skuggornas krossade
underbara
sknhetsrike betog min sjl.                                          50

Lyss jag i kpans musselskal,
brusar Arkipelagen.
Ekon av tympanon och cymbal
dallra vid bljeslagen.
Jungfrur rvande                                                      55
utan nger
frusta centaurer i flyende tramp.
Avgrundsbedvande
vilda snger
skratta i takt med hovarnas tramp.                                    60

Trolst flydde jag skuggornas land,
trnade ter till livet,
gators vimmel och lampors brand,
dock--mitt de stod skrivet.
Livets bljande                                                       65
stder och lnder
lockad av sorlet jag genomgick,
men de frfljande
skuggornas hnder
lades skymmande ver min blick.                                       70

Runt mig hlsa de unga fritt
andra vaknande tider.
Frmmande str jag i deras mitt.
Som en vlnad jag skrider.
Dagens krigande                                                       75
skara spnner
ordets bge av senor och stl;
drmsjukt tigande,
arm p vnner,
vandrar skuggornas son utan ml.                                      80

Aldrig kan jag som fordom glatt
stundens frgor dryfta;
tankarna famla dag och natt
nederst i skuggornas klyfta,
dr ej flmtande                                                      85
facklan snder
livets sken, men en underjords.
Aldrig bland skmtande
brder och frnder
skall jag munter sitta till bords.                                    90

Skriande tranorna flyktat ren.
Vita bolstrar och putor
flingorna bdda kring hll och sten.
Kojornas trnga rutor
glimta immiga.                                                        95
Sparven i hunger
letar krven vid bondens skjul.
Djupt ur dimmiga
hstkvlln sjunger
pilten vid foran om vinter och jul.                                  100

Rster frn barndomens r, till er
sniga stigar mig fra,
men ni n ej mitt hjrta mer,
mumla blott i mitt ra.
Stilla, saliga,                                                      105
soningsfulla
stmmor, ffngt kallen I.
Hotfullt otaliga
syner rulla
upp ur Hades min blick frbi.                                        110

Glmska drickes ur Lethes vg,
men med gonen slutna
drack jag ur mrka Styx--och sg
sedan allen det frflutna.
Bleka och krokiga                                                    115
skuggorna locka
anden att drmma vid Karons flod,
men det brokiga
livet vill plocka
frukter, som vinkande trs av mitt blod.                             120

Kedjad vid livet min stav jag br.
Rols kring vrlden jag ledes.
Lngtar dit, dr jag icke r.
Frmmande allestdes.
Hades sig hmnade.                                                   125
Skuggornas like
strafflst av livets frukter ej stjl.
Skuggornas jmnade
sknhetsrike
vann fr eviga tider min sjl.                                       130



KALLAN OCH LFTE.

Och ropade trenne grannfolk: Glm
den storhet du bddat i jorden!
Jag svarade: Res dig, vr storhetsdrm
om herravldet i Norden!
Den storhetsdrmmen lyster oss n                                      5
att leka i nya bedrifter.
Lt upp vra gravar, nej, giv oss mn
i forskning, i frger och skrifter.

Ja, giv oss ett folk p ett brddjups rand,
dr en dre sin nacke kan bryta.                                      10
Mitt folk, det finns annat att bra i hand
n en brddfull egyptisk gryta.
Det r bttre, den grytan rmnar itu,
n att levande hjrtat frrostar;
och intet folk fr bli mer n du,                                     15
det r mlet, vad helst det kostar.

Det r bttre av en hmnare ns
n till intet se ren frrinna,
det r bttre att hela vrt folk frgs
och grdar och stder brinna.                                         20
Det r stoltare vga sitt trningskast,
n tyna med slocknande lge.
Det r sknare lyss till en strng, som brast,
n att aldrig spnna en bge.

Jag vaknar om natten, men kring mig r fred.                          25
Blott vattnen storma och sjuda.
Jag kunde i lngtan kasta mig ned
som en bedjande stridsman av Juda.
Ej vill jag tigga om soliga r,
om skrdar av guld utan nde.                                         30
Barmhrtiga de, tnd blixten, som slr
ett folk med r av elnde!

Ja, driv oss samman med gisselslag,
och blaste vr skall knoppas.
Du ler, mitt folk, men med stela drag,                                35
och sjunger, men utan att hoppas.
Du dansar hellre i sidenvd
n tyder din egen gta.
Mitt folk, du skall vakna till ynglingadd
den natt, du p nytt kan grta.                                       40




ERIK AXEL KARLFELDT.


En svensk litteraturforskare inleder en uppsats om _Karlfeldt_ med
fljande ord:

"Skulle vra stora hdangngna skalder frn Elysiums svenska Parnass
lyssna till den sng och den berttelse, som diktas i vra dagars
Sverge, och se hn till de mn, som hr utva skaldens och siarens kall,
fr att kora sig var sin gunstling, hur utflle d deras val? Lt oss
gissa! Bellman valde naturligtvis Frding, Almqvist samlade kring sig
Strindberg, Hallstrm och Selma Lagerlf, Leopold skte kanske opp
Wirsn, Stagnelius, Levertin. Och mot Karlfeldt strckte frvisso den
gamle Georg Stiernhielm sin famn till vlkomma."

Och han tillgger:

"Naturligtvis skulle redan landsmanskapet gra vr skaldekonsts fader
bengen fr den som frklarat:

    Min sngm r icke av Pinden,
    hon r av Pungmakarbo,

och som frgat:

    Vi kryddas poeter med lager?
    Har icke all Dalarnas vr
    en kvist i sin svalare dager
    till krans fr en sngares hr?"

Men det r ej blott landsmanskapet, som frenar de bda. Mer n ett
lynnesdrag finna vi fr dem gemensamt och liksom Stiernhielms har
Karlfeldts dikt sina rtter i Dalarnas jord. I hemgrden p Dallvens
strand ha hans frfder bott i ett par hundra r, han r direkt utgngen
av bondestam och har i blodet liksom i sitt tal en mngd
frestllningsstt och betraktelser, som ro oss andra oknda och
frmmande. Av landskapets skiftande sknhet och stmningsfullhet vcks
hans lust att sjunga och skildra. Han har noga reda p vderlekens
alla freteelser, rstidernas skiften, rternas namn och egenskaper,
hst- och vrstormarnas mnga olika genljud i vildmarken. Han hyllar
gammaldags tro och heder, den trygga och ofrfrade manligheten,
kraftknslan och livsgldjen.

Hans manliga, fasta vsen avspeglas i hans dikters strama form. Hans
vers r mnstergill, med konstfull strofbyggnad och rimfltning, rik
ljudharmoni och msterligt ordval.

Karlfeldt fddes den 20 juli 1864 i Folkrna socken i sydligaste
Dalarna. Efter avslutade skolstudier i Vsters blev han 1885 student i
Uppsala och avlade dr filosofie licentiatexamen r 1898. Efter att
ngra r hava tjnstgjort vid kungliga biblioteket utnmndes han 1903
till bibliotekarie vid lantbruksakademien. Efter sitt inval i svenska
akademien r 1904 har han utsetts till akademiens stndige sekreterare.

Hans utgivna diktsamlingar ro _Vildmarks- och krleksvisor_ (1895),
_Fridolins visor_ (1898), _Fridolins lustgrd och Dalmlningar p rim_
(1901) samt _Flora och Pomona_ (1906).



INTET R SOM VNTANSTIDER.

Intet r som vntanstider,
vrflodsveckor, knoppningstider,
ingen maj en dager sprider
som den klarnande april.
Kom p stigens sista halka,                                            5
skogen ger sin dvna svalka
och sitt djupa sus drtill.
Sommarns vllust vill jag sknka
fr de frsta strn, som blnka
i en dunkel furusnka,                                                10
och den frsta trastens drill.

Intet r som lngtanstider,
vntansr, trolovningstider.
Ingen vr ett skimmer sprider
som en hemlig hjrtanskr.                                            15
Sllan mtas, skiljas snarligt,
drmma om allt ljuvt och farligt
livet i sitt skte br!
Gyllne frukt m andra skaka;
jag vill drja och frsaka,                                           20
i min lustgrd vill jag vaka,
medan trden knoppas dr.



UPPBROTT.

De svarta skogarna mumla
som psalmsng kring fdernas lutande kors,
och dovt som en vakande humla
bak sarna tonar Avesta fors.
n vindspelet knarrar vid gruvan,                                      5
och slggorna picka p hllarnas jrn,
men spoven sover p tuvan,
och nderna vila p vilande tjrn.

Nu ville jag girigt samla
all nejdens drmmande fgring och sng                                10
och minnena, unga och gamla,
som sjunga i natt liksom livet en gng,
nu ville jag dofterna fnga,
som vlla ur vrnattens jsande brygd,
och fra dig med p min lnga,                                        15
min ovissa vg, du min Folkarebygd.

Jag gr mellan lrkors nsten,
jag fljer din strm, som i saktmod och ro
gr fram mellan klippornas fsten
och sandiga brinkar, dr svalorna bo.                                 20
Frid hgnar de vnliga Dalar,
men stenen str hg vid Brunnbcks lv
och stolt i sin stumhet talar
om kraft, som i trngml vet hjlpa sig sjlv.



JUNGFRU MARIA.

Hon kommer utfr ngarna vid Sjugareby.
Hon r en liten kulla med mandelblommans hy,
ja, som mandelblom och nyponblom lngt bort frn vg och by,
dr aldrig det dammar och vandras.
Vilka stigar har du vankat, s att solen dig ej brnt?                 5
Vad har du drmt, Maria, i ditt unga brst och knt,
att ditt blod icke brinner som de andras?
Det skiner s frunderligt ifrn ditt bara hr,
och din panna r som bgiga mnen,
nr ver Bergsngsbackar han vit och lutad gr                        10
och lyser genom vrliga slnen.

Nu svalkar aftonvinden i aklejornas lid,
och gula liljeklockor ringa helgsml och frid;
knappt gnggar hagens fle, knappt brker fllans kid,
knappt piper det i svalbon och lundar.                                15
Nu g Dalarnas ynglingar och flickor par om par:
du r utvald framfr andra, du r nskad av en var,
vad gr du s ensam och begrundar?
Du r som jungfrun, kommen frn sitt frsta nattvardsbord,
som i den tysta pingstnatt vill vaka                                  20
med all sitt hjrtas bvan och tnka p de ord
hon frnummit och de under hon ftt smaka.

Vnd om, vnd om, Maria, nu blir aftonen sen.
Din moder mnde srja, att du strvar s allen.
Du r liten och brcklig som knckepilens gren,                       25
och i skogen gr den slende bjrnen.
Ack, den rosen, som du hller, r ditt tecken och din vrd,
den r bringad av en ngel frn en salig rtagrd:
du kan trampa p ormar och trnen.
Ja, den strlen, som ligger s blnkande och lng                     30
ifrn aftonrodnans fste ver Siljan--
du kunde g till paradis i kvll din brudegng
p den smala och sklvande tiljan.



VINTERHLSNING.

Mter du nordanvinden, karl,
d mter du sng och yra.
Nordens Apoll bland tallarna far
med snfjun p sin lyra.

Mter du nordanvinden, karl,                                           5
d mter du eld och lge.
Nordens Cupid bland granarna far
med lingonlindad bge.

Vdren blsa utan ro
ur himmelens sexton grindar.                                          10
Vem kan du lita p och tro
av alla de vilda vindar?

Mter du nordanvinden, karl,
d mter du man och ra,
lustig och djrv, med blicken klar                                    15
som nyrsmnens skra.

Glad har jag hrt hans muntra appell,
nr han trummade till p rutan.
Ljd hans signal genom springor och spjll,
d gmde jag svrmodslutan.                                           20

Glad har jag fljt s mngen mil
hans knarrande, vita vgar,
druckit ur bergens frusande il
hans ymniga hlsobgar.

Kom, gr du med fr gammans skull?                                    25
Den kyliga kvllen lgar,
skyn r av glimmande strngar full
till lyror och till bgar.

Hvding, ryck an; jag r din man,
din man under slla stjrnor.                                         30
Bistra kmpar flja ditt spann
och leende vintertrnor.

Kom och flj med fr gammans skull,
envar som kan le och sjunga!
Skyarna g som fanor av gull:                                         35
framt, I stridbart unga!






NOTES.




BERNHARD ELIS MALMSTRM.


VI SUCKAR DET S TUNGT UTI SKOGEN?

1. The folk-song style is apparent throughout this poem, the first
distinctive mark being the superfluous use of the pronoun immediately
after its antecedent, a manner of speech borrowed from the vernacular
and incorporated with numerous popular ballads. Cf. lines 18, 19, 22.

8. _hemsk uti sitt mod_, apprehensive of danger; _till mods_ is the
idiomatic phrase.

10. _tnkte stygga tankar_, thought of grewsome things.

II. _vilsegick_, usually not compounded.

12. _kr_, properly _kra_.

13. _Gud nde mig, som liten r_, a paraphrase of the second line from a
common children's prayer beginning, _Gud, som haver barnen kr_; the
poet also seems to have copied from this the irregular form _kr_, in
line 12.

13. The home is so clearly in the lad's mind that the idea is adequately
expressed by _dr_.

18. _trollena_, a vernacular def. pl. form for _trollen_. This form in
_-a_ has been exploited by recent metropolitan writers, as also by Selma
Lagerlf, but without gaining general favor among the best stylists of
Sweden.

22. _vidan hed_, archaic for _vida heden_. Cf. _grnan  (grna n)_,
45.

25. _s_, frequently thus interpolated in careless speech and here
lending a savor of the common tongue.

39. _hemsk_ (frightened),--_till mods_ being mentally supplied from the
second stanza.

50. _den arma jord(en)_, the suffixed definite sign being frequently
dropped in poetic style.

52. _all ... mord_; the correspondence between qualifiers and nouns is
sometimes lost in a series, as here, _lgn_ and _flrd_ (sg.) requiring
_all_, but _mord_ (pl.), _alla_. Analogous inconsistencies are found in
the best literature, as in Tegner's Addresses (_P Vxj gymnasium,
1836_): "Den som _sitter_ vid lsten och den som sitter vid statsstyret,
vid svarvstolen eller p lrostolen, _vid plogen_ eller lyran," the
quotation conveying the incongruous idea of "sitting at the plow," as at
the shoemaker's bench or the turning lathe.

62. _Herren vill jag lova_ calls for a sharp distinction between _lova_
(praise) and _lova_ (promise).


DMJUKER ER!

1. _dmjuker_; the alternative form in _-er_ (2nd person pl.,
imperative) is peculiar to solemn rhetorical style. Cf. lines 13, 15,
32.

2. _himlens rand_, usually the horizon, here has a vague and undefinable
poetic meaning.



K. V. A. STRANDBERG.


BARRIKADER.

14. _p sistone_, archaic form of _p det sista_; modern style, _till
sist_, at length.


MANING.

2. _harar_, the common metaphor to designate cowardice.

6. The red color indicating the liberalist party whose cause the poet
pleaded.

9. _Karlars blod_, the blood of the Swedish kings of that name.


MITT DDA BARN.

12. _karl_; the rhyme here calls for the popular pronunciation, with the
_l_ mute.

44. Allusion to an ancient Greek custom. _Thanatos_, death, was
represented as a human figure with a torch reversed.


TACK FR GOD VAKT!

This poem, written shortly before his death, was the poet's farewell to
life. The title is characteristic, being a traditional form of greeting
when guards were dismissed from duty and replaced by others.

9. _Georg Stiernhielm_ (1598-1672), philologist and poet, was the
foremost Swedish savant of his time. His noted place among Swedish poets
was won through priority rather than by any great creative genius.
_Hakvin Spegel_ (1645-1714), archbishop of Sweden, was a noted religious
poet, many of whose hymns are found in the present hymn book of the
Church of Sweden.

39-40. The sentiment contained in these lines is fully borne out in the
foregoing poem, _Mitt dda barn_, a touching expression of intense
parental affection.

43-46. Though never suffering actual want, the poet for several years
after his marriage in 1847 made a very meager living as a journalist,
and the lines may be more poetic than true. "During these years his
bread was not infrequently more than scarce, and want was often on the
point of crossing his threshold," says J.A. RUNSTRM.

53-56. The poet faintly alludes to an attack of blindness in his youth
which left traces for life.



VIKTOR RYDBERG.


DEXIPPOS.

The poem bears as its title the name of a Grecian historian, who
flourished at the time of the invasion of the Goths, one episode of
which is here described, the poet dating the event 267 A.D.

1. _Pallas' stad_, i.e. Athens, whose tutelary goddess was Pallas
Athene.

8. _rnar_, the eagle-shaped figures used as standards in the Roman
army. That emblem of imperialism had been the ensign of the kings of
Babylon and of the Ptolemies. The Romans adopted it in conjunction with
other devices, but Marius made it the ensign of the legion, and confined
the other devices to the cohorts. It has remained to this day the
preminent sign of power in coats of arms, whether of monarchies,
empires or republics. See U.S. seal and ensigns.

_jrn_, here, the swords and lances of the legions.

24. The Corybant priests of the goddess Cybele in Phrygia, Asia Minor,
worshiped by means of boisterous music and frantic dances.

27. _Befriarn Dionysos_. Dionysus, the god of wine and vineyards and of
dramatic poetry, was styled Liberator (from care). Note the effective
application of the same epithet in the personifications following.

39. _som Dodonas gamla ek_. The simile refers to the famous oracle at
Dodona, in Epirus, dedicated to Zevs. The oracular answers were supposed
to be derived from the whispering of the breezes in the crown of a great
sacred oak.

    _Dodonas ekar talade fordomdags,
    ur helga skuggor stammades dets dom_.

    (Dodona's oaks aforetime their message spake;
    Prom sacred shadows stammering Fate's decree.)

                                TEGNR'S "_Trden_."

42. The three great commanders and statesmen here named flourished about
500-450 B.C. and their achievements were still fresh in the memory of
the Athenians after more than two hundred years, hence, (43) _de leva
nnu--de st mig nr_. Great as these heroes were, the hyperbole in line
41, _d en vrld befriades_, is obvious.

45. _Kerameikos_, the old Potters' Quarter in Athens, transformed into
one of the finest parts of the city, with a wide square or plaza which
is here specifically meant.

46. _pyrririsk vapendans_--the ancient Pyrrhic dance was performed to
the music of flutes, by armed men simulating a hand to hand battle.

63. _ett panateneiskt festtg_--the Panathenaea was the most ancient and
important festival of Athens, celebrated in honor of the goddess Athena,
in part by a festive procession to her temple in the center of the
Acropolis.

75. _falang_--the Greek phalanx was a body of heavily armed infantry
formed in close ranks and files varying from four to twenty-five ranks
deep.

76. _tyrteiska hymnen_, a martial hymn by the ancient Spartan poet
Tyrtaeus who flourished in the seventh century B.C.

81 ff. The Song of the Athenians is written in distich form, a strophic
group of two lines; this was a favorite form for elegiac and other
solemn poetry.

93 ff. The Song of the Goths is characterized both by the irregularity
of old German verse and the alliteration of the Eddic poetry of
Scandinavia. It forms a striking contrast to the careful chiseling of
the Greek verse.

94. _nickar_ here implies not only a nodding or swaying motion but a
command, as expressed in what follows. Thus, the pine tree of the North,
like the oak of Dodona, is voicing the decree of destiny.

112. _lekt Maraton_. The beating off of the Goths on this occasion,
however, did not prove as decisive a battle as that of Marathon. Not
until their defeat by Claudius in the battle of Naissus two years later
did the Goths cease to harass and devastate Greece and other territories
of the Roman empire inadequately protected by its legions (see line 8).


I KLOSTERCELLEN.

4. _kodex_, manuscript in text hand on parchment, usually containing
some portion of Scripture or of classic literature.

19-20. By conserving classic learning the monks during medieval times
nurtured the seeds of culture from which was to spring the Reformation
of the Church and its concomitant, the civilization of the modern age.
Cf. lines 14-16.

24. _Platos himmel och Perikles' republik_.--What the poet here refers
to as "Plato's heaven" may be briefly defined as the ideal world (as
conceived in his philosophy), dominated by the highest of all ideas,
that of absolute good. But the ideal good in Plato's philosophy did not
mean a personal God, hence a purely religious conception of heaven was
not a part of his system.

Pericles, though himself of aristocratic birth, was the protagonist of
democracy in Greece, in opposition to Cimon, who through his influence
was exiled 460 B.C. The republic subsequently established by Pericles
was in fact, according to the contemporary historian Thucydides, an
autocracy by common consent.---The line has reference to the activity of
the learned friars, especially of the Renaissance period, in
reduplicating copies of the remnants of the old Greek literature,
thereby saving to the world the _knowledge_ of Greek thought and Greek
institutions.

30-32. The closing lines present, as does the poem as a whole, a picture
of the entire period known as the Middle Ages.


SNFRID.

_Snfrid_ is a mythical being idealized by Rydberg into a guiding genius
pointing the way of ambition, strife and self-sacrifice, while most
poets dealing with similar characters, so common in literature, make
them out wanton and seductive agencies of destruction, like the sirens.

35. _troll i dvrgaham_, dwarflike trolls. _Hamn_, shape, apparition, is
sometimes, and probably more correctly, written _ham_; so also by
LEVERTIN in _En gammal nyrsvisa_:

    _som en svart och spklik ham
    sorgens fle drjer_.

99. _ju himlen nrmare_, for _ju nrmare himlen_, is a poetic
innovation; _ju_ and _desto_, as conjunctions, immediately precede the
comparative form of the adjective.

109-10. Allusion to the Eddic song _Volusp_, stanzas 8 and 63, where it
is said of the gods:

    8. _Guldtavel p grden
       de glade lekte
       --allt av guld
       de i verfld hade_.

   63. _Drefter varda
       de underbara
       guldtavlorna
       i grset funna,
       dem de i urtiden
       gt hade_.


TOMTEN.

9. _Str dr s gr_--the frequent omission of the subject (cf. lines
17, 21, 25, 33), in imitation of an ancient manner, lends quaintness and
an antiquated air to the poem.

67. Rhyming and stressing the pronoun _som_ is a breach of the rules of
good style rare in the polished and precise diction of Rydberg.

75-76. Prose order: _blott bruset av forsens fall hres helt sakta frn
fjrran_.

85. _Mnen snker sin tysta ban_--a poetic ellipse; supply _sig p_
after _snker_.


I NATTEN.

11-15. A poetic vision of rare beauty, exquisitely expressed. Note the
hush in the onomatopoetic line, _svd av sorlande kllans sus_.



KARL GUSTAV JOHAN SNOILSKY.


Ur INLEDNINGSSNG.

5. _utver hva_--the elimination of the postpositive definite article
in the archaic idiom _ver hvan_ is quite irregular and a manifest
sacrifice to the law of rhyme.

15. _Brenta_, a river in northern Italy, whose picturesque shores,
studded with villas, gardens and parks, are familiar to tourists.

17. _Hesperien_. Snoilsky, like the Greek poets, applies this classic
name distinctly to Italy. Cf. the poem, "_Neros gyllene hus_," the 16th
stanza of which reads:

    _Att sjunga vaggsng fr slavar
    Hesperiens vind var fr god,
    fr god att sucka bland gravar,
    dr lagern p hn blott stod_.

20. In the nine stanzas here omitted the poet revels in the scenes and
pleasures, the historic memories and current strife indigenous to
Italian soil.

34. Note that the poet speaks in his own person throughout, not from the
lips of an imaginary Muse.


DEN TJNANDE BRODERN.

This is one of the poems of purely democratic trend so characteristic of
the literature of Sweden in the early eighties. It was written in 1882.

14. _lampans ande_--allusion to the genius of Aladdin's magic lamp in
"Arabian Nights' Tales."

14-15. _allena_--_tjna_, a "Stockholm rhyme," so called from the fact
that the dialect of the capital discriminates none too well between the
sounds of _e_ and __.


I PORSLINSFABRIKEN.

In this as in the foregoing poem, Snoilsky pays high tribute to the man
of labor, the artisan of common utilities as against the artist creator
of costly luxuries. His exaltation of labor is hardly less fervent than
the apotheosis of human liberty in a large number of his poems.



ALBERT ULRIK BTH.


VINTERSTMNING.

10. _Ett snacksllt lag_--a flock of rooks disturbed at nightfall by the
ringing of the vesper bell.


EN PINGSTDAGSMORGON.

This poem has its counterpart in English literature in HOOD'S _Song of
the Shirt_.

29. Metrically, the last syllable of _hnderna_ belongs to the next
line. Cf. lines 45-46 and 63-64.


BRIST.

The broken and irregular meter is quite in keeping with the plaintive
note of this song, and others by Bth, so strikingly described in
lines 15-16.



OSKAR IVAR LEVERTIN.


EN GAMMAL NYRSVISA.

This is an old ballad modernized by Levertin, its legendary style being
rather too fantastical for present-day verse.

16. _Betslet r en blomsterrad_--the reins, not the bit, forming a
festoon of flowers, _betsel_ (bit) is a metonym for _tyglar_ (reins).

20. _guldsmidd_ is here used in two senses--"gold-mounted" and "hammered
out of gold."

29. Spelt was the common variety of wheat in early times. It is still
grown on poor soils in Germany and Switzerland.

35. _huvut_, contraction of _huvudet_, the _t_ representing the definite
suffix, not a consonantal change.

45. _livsens_, archaic for _livets_.


FLOREZ OCH BLANZEFLOR.

This poem is based on an old medieval ballad which was translated into
Swedish as early as 1312 and, together with similar versions of _Ivan
Lejonriddaren_ and _Hertig Fredrik av Normandie_, formed a group of
ballads of chivalry called _Eufemiavisorna_, Queen Euphemia of Norway
having caused them to be translated into the Swedish tongue. While the
source of "Ivan" appears to have been a French ballad and that of
"Henrik" a German one, both belonging to the Arthurian Tales, nothing is
said of the origin of "Flores," except that it was "turned into rhyme."
The ballad was probably based on the Norse prose saga, "_Flores ok
Blankiflur_," and a French redaction of the same. Critics have traced
the romance back to a late Greek source. The Swedish translator is
thought to have used the Old Norse prose version. A modern French
version, "Floire et Blanceflor" by E. Du Meril (1856) bears close
relation to the Old Swedish version. (GEETE and SCHCK.)

5. The line gives the title of the poem in Swedish words--_blomma och
vitblomma_.

24. Levertin's poem, as here indicated, merely hints at the full
contents of the original ballad.


ITHAKA.

The argument of the poem is found in the very title. Ithaka, according
to the Odyssey, was the native island of Odysseus, to which the hero of
the epic, after having taken part in the Trojan War, returned only after
years of reverses and vicissitudes.

6. _Herakles' stoder_, Gibraltar and the high rock on the opposite
coast, known in classic lore as the Pillars of Hercules.

30, 32. _smekning_--_rkning_--see SNOILSKY, _Den tjnande brodern_,
14-15, note.


MODERSPRKET.

3. _Fantasos' tmmar_--carrying out the classic figure of Fancy as "the
wingd horse."

8. Allusion to John 1, 1-3.

9, 11. _sen_--_vn_--an extreme form of the "Stockholm rhyme," the
vowels differing both in sound and in quantity.

20. The masculine epithet _ledsven_, in the midst of the feminine
_sagofrtljerska, fljeslagerska, bikterska, trsterska, drmmerska_,
is somewhat disconcerting.

_Babylons vimmel_ refers to the Babel of tongues.

22, 24. _stmma_--_hemma_--Stockholm rhymes.

34-38. Entirely in keeping with the poet's confession in these lines is
the recent estimate of a critic who says: "Oskar Levertin, who was not
ashamed of being a Jew, although his nature in a peculiar and fruitful
way combined the characteristics of his own race with those of the race
which fostered him, quite often struck the Jewish chord in his verse,
yet he took a purely esthetic view of the subject, treating Jewish
_motifs_ with romantic sentimentalism; at any rate, there was no
distinctively Jewish mind or creative power back of the visions and
songs of this occidental skeptic and art-dreamer." (OLOF RABENIUS in
_Ord och Bild_, XXVI, 492.)

64. _stmma mte_ ordinarily requires _med_ or _till_, thus: _dr dden
med oss stmt mte_, or, _dr dden oss stmt till mte_.



GUSTAV FRDING.


VALLARELT.

The musical quality of Frding's verse is well exemplified in this
pastoral, the mellifluous diction of which has been rarely matched in
poetic literature. The Swedish _Anthology_ of Dr. Charles Wharton Stork
(American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1917) contains able renderings into
English of this and numerous other gems of modern Swedish verse. The
volume will be found a great aid to the student who aspires to
idealistic appreciation.

2. The song goes reverberating from hill to hill until the sound is
finally lost,--such is the sense of this figurative line.

17. _tjrnet_, irregular neuter, probably the provincial form.


JONTE OCH BRUNTE.

The vernacular words and forms interwoven in the rhymes, as _tlas_ (9),
_Jonten_ (30), _skjutgammal_ (38), _drumlade_ (45), _stracklade_ (47),
add not a little to the bizarre humor of the rustic picture.

15, 17. The true colloquial use of the pronoun with its antecedent is
here shown. So also in _Vallarelt_, line 3.

33-35. The lines probably refer to the driver, but if he is mentally
paying his respects to the old nag, the quotation which follows is a
retort in kind, lending savor to the situation.


Ur STRVTG I HEMBYGDEN.

7. _var mig hlsad!_ presents an old construction with the dative
(ethical dative) which is now obsolescent. Cf. Vol. I., STAGNELITUS,
_Flyttfglarna_, 45, note.

17-20. See beginning of Frding monograph.

24. _Alsterns dal_, cf., in monograph, _Alsters bruk_, the birthplace of
the poet.


Ur BIBLISKA FANTASIER.

_Hosiannah!_

A song in imitation of old Biblical style, hence the archaisms, _grer
(gren), statt (st), rones (rans), lter (lten)_.


MlN STJRNAS SNGER.

The keynote of Frding's psychological poems is probably struck in this
series of songs, forming an allegory in which the figure is consistently
maintained throughout. The Star Songs undoubtedly throw light upon
Frding's philosophy of life and his personal attitude towards the
Creator of life. A comparison of Tegnr's _Sng till solen_ (Vol. I.,
p. 64) and Frding's _Min stjrnas snger_ yields the impression that
the former is an impersonal, objective poetic pean, the latter a poet's
creed.

9. _av din egen art_, of the same kind as yours, i.e., the sunspots.

19. _s = svl_,

41 ff. A study of Frding's mental make-up is essential to a correct
understanding of the metaphysical stanzas of part IV in particular.



VERNER VON HEIDENSTAM.


DJUFARS VISA.

1. _Tanta_, a city in lower Egypt.

17-19. _I afton kanske ... att han sjunger_--the _att_ here interposed
has the effect of giving the adverbial _kanske_ its original verbal
sense _kan ske_ (as, maybe he will--it may be _that_ he will).

32. _en klase druvor_, a cluster of grapes. The preposition _av_ or
_med_, sometimes found with such attributives, is generally dispensed
with.

34. _var_, the colloquial form for _vore_.

39. _trummare_, regularly, _trumslagare_.

55. The traditional quietude of Egypt was alluded to by Tegnr in his
epic romance, _Axel_, thus:

    "... _tysta som Egyptens prster
    begynte stjrnorna sitt tg_."

60. _utan rodd och segel_, i.e., without propulsion by either oars or
sails.

77-78. _sant blev Djufar spdd_, in prose, _Djufar blev sannspdd_,
Djufar told the truth.


Ur ENSAMHETENS TANKAR.

4-5. The poet's mode of expression in these lines has been subjected to
much comment and adverse criticism, many characterizing it as too
arbitrary a departure from established linguistic usage. The grammatical
Swedish of it would be: _jag lngtar_ TILL _marken, jag lngtar_ TILL
_stenarna, dr_ SOM _barn jag lekt_.


PILGRIMENS JULSNG.

Headed "_Hemkomsten_" this poem forms the introduction to Part III of
_Hans Alienus_, which bears the same general title. In _Hans Alienus_,
the chief character, bearing that name, roams about Europe and the
Orient in the guise of a friar. There is no unity or sequence in point
of time, the pilgrim visiting the pope in the Vatican, Pontius Pilate in
Jerusalem, Sardanapalus in ancient Ninive, and so on, then returning to
modern Sweden to spend his last days. This oddly fantastical romance
serves as the vehicle for Heidenstam's idealistic quest of beauty and
his philosophy of life--a somewhat immature and immoderate Epicureanism.
The latter part of this story of mingled fact and fiction is symbolical
of the poet's return from foreign parts to his native soil. As events
have gone in Heidenstam's literary career, it foreshadowed his return
from extravagant Oriental dreams to purely Northern ideals.

6. In _Sverige_, the _i_ is slurred. Cf. the corresponding rhyme.

25-30. A renunciation of the ascetic and religious ideals supposed to go
with the friar's garb.

51. _kpans musselskal_, reference to the shells with which the cloak of
the friar Hans Alienus was ornamented. He is represented as a carver of
mother of pearl and other ornaments from shells.

103. _ni n_ for _I nn_ (_ni_, second person sg., in polite address;
_n_, first or third person pl.), a colloquialism peculiar to the most
recent writers, here followed shortly (line 107) by the regular form
_kallen I_, where consistency would have required _kalla ni_.

120. _vinkande_ refers to _frukter_, hence: fruits that beckon and stir
a desire in my blood.


KALLAN OCH LFTE.

The title has reference to an ancient Norse custom of invoking the gods
when making solemn promise to achieve some great deed. Such promises,
usually made at public feasts, were solemnized with the draining of the
beaker of Brage (ON _bragafull_), in honor of the god of poetry and
eloquence. It will be noticed that the poem in its entirety is an
invocation and an invective, the pledge being a negligible element
slightly traceable only in the first stanza. This poem closes a
collection of poems under the general title, "_Ett folk_".

17. _Det r bttre (att) av en hmnare ns_.



ERIK AXEL KARLFELDT.


INTET R SOM VNTANSTIDER.

This little poem holds a place alongside of Frding's _Vallarelt_ as
one of the sweetest lyrics of recent Swedish verse. Each writer has
evinced, in his own way, a mastery of diction rarely equaled. Karlfeldt
excels in the subtly sentimental strain.


UPPBROTT.

4. _Avesta fors_--this locates the scene of the poem near the old copper
works at the great and little falls (_Storforsen_ and _Lillforsen_) in
_Dallven_, the main river flowing through the poet's native province of
_Dalarna_ (Dalecarlia). The old works were recently replaced by a large
steel plant, iron ore being also abundant in this old copper region. Cf.
line 6, _hllarnas jrn_.

15. As indicated here and in the title, this is a lyrical farewell to
the poet's native scenes.

22. _stenen_--a monument commemorating the battle of _Brunnbck_ (also
written _Brunbck_). Here the peasant army of Gustav Vasa in 1521 gained
their first victory over the Danish forces of King Christian sent from
Stockholm under command of Gustav Trolle to put down the movement for
Swedish independence. The victory was celebrated in a ballad
(_Dalvisan_) which says:

    _S krde vi jutar (Danes)i Brunbcks lv,
    s vattnet dem porlade om.
    Vi srjde drver, att Kristian sjlv
    ej dr tillika omkom_.


JUNGFRU MARIA.

This is a selection from a group of poems, entitled _Dalmlningar,
utlagda p rim_ (Dalecarlian Paintings Interpreted in Rhyme), in which
Karlfeldt describes old paintings in the churches of his native province
with all the originality and quaintness that characterized these mural
depictions by anonymous country artists.

1-4 form the introduction to the poem, the body of which is a direct
address to the Virgin.

10. _vit och lutad gr_ has the force of a personification of the moon
as an old man, white-haired and stooping, though the simile in line 9
has no such comparison in view, _bgig_ there serving to describe the
arched forehead.

12. _akleja_, a modification of the Latin _Aquilegia_, columbine.

18. The progressive mood is often thus expressed in questions by an
interposed verb, like _g, st, sitta_, between the principal verb and
its object, where English requires an adverbial clause in addition to
the progressive form. Thus, _vad sitter du och tnker p_--what are you
thinking of (as you are sitting there)? The sense of the line in the
text is, what are you pondering on, while walking thus alone?

26. _den slende bjrnen_, in prose usually _slagbjrnen_, the large,
man-eating bear.

33. _tiljan_, in apposition with _strlen_ (line 30).


VINTERHLSNING.

3. _Apoll_, irregular form of _Apollo_.

5-6. The incongruous combination _nordanvinden_--_eld och lge_ has the
force of an oxymoron.

7. _Cupid_, regularly written _Cupido_ or _Kupido_.

10. _sexton grindar_, the sixteen points of the compass familiar to
navigators.

29. _Hvding, ryck an_--the North Wind here, as throughout, personifies
the spirit and genius of the North, manifested in manhood and honor
(lines 13-14), power and beauty (31-32), song and action (28, 34-36).






VOCABULARY.




EXPLANATORY.


This vocabulary covers Vols. I and II of _Svensk Diktning_.

The vertical line is used to set off that part of a word left intact in
the process of inflection or conjugation; as, _aft|on (-onen, -nar)_;
_akt|a (-ade, -at)_; _an|gripa (-grep, -gripit)_.

The dash is employed for brevity and convenience to indicate that the
indefinite nominative plural form of a noun is the same as the
corresponding form in the singular; thus, _arbetare (-n, --)_. Also, in
peculiar instances, to show that the supine of a verb is the same as the
root, or, the infinitive without its sign _(-a)_; thus, _mist|a (-ade,
-at; -e, --)_.

Of _nouns_, the def. nom. sg. and the indef. nom. pl. are given or
indicated within parentheses. Proper nouns are here included only where
their Swedish and English forms differ or where they may be variously
rendered.

Of _regular verbs_, the principal parts are indicated by their
conjugational endings in the preterite and supine, active or passive,
according to the text and for the purpose of preciseness in rendition.
_Strong_ and _irregular verbs_ are given either in full or mainly
complete in form, as, _bryta (brt, brutit)_; _be|grava (-grov, -gravit;
-gravde, -gravt)_.

A title-word with several radically different meanings is repeated.

The use of inflected adjectives as adverbs and of participles as
adjectives is noted except where the meaning is obvious.




VOCABULARY.


A.

absolut, absolute.
ack, ah, oh, alas.
adelsmrke (-t, -n), mark of nobility.
aderton, eighteen.
adertonhundratalet, the eighteen hundreds; the nineteenth century.
adjunkt (-en, -er), assistant pastor, curate; assistant teacher,
  instructor.
adl|a (-ade, -at), to confer knighthood; to ennoble; to raise
  to nobility.
aft|on (-onen, -nar), evening.
aftonhim|mel (-meln, -len, -lar), evening sky, sunset sky.
aftonljus (-et, --), evening light.
aftonrodnad (-en, -er), evening glow, sunset glow.
aftonskim|mer (-ret), evening glow.
aftonsky (-n, -ar), evening sky.
aftonstjrn|a (-an, -or), evening star.
aftonstund (-en, -er), evening hour.
aftonsng (-en, -er), vesper song, evening song.
aftonvind (-en, -ar), evening breeze.
aga (-n), punishment, chastisement, whipping.
agg (-et), grudge, spite, malice.
ah, ah, oh.
Ahasverus, Ahasuerus, name applied to the Wandering Jew.
akademi (-en, -er), academy; university;
  Svenska akademien, the Swedish Academy.
akademisk, academic.
aklej|a (-an, -or), columbine.
akt, attention, heed, notice;
  giv akt! Attention! Notice!
akt|a (-ade, -at), to consider, esteem; to notice;
  akta p (pakta), to observe, take notice of, mark.
akterhus (et, --), deckhouse.
aktning (-en), respect, deference, appreciation.
aktr (-en, -er), actor.
aldrig, never.
Alienus, Alienus, a Latin cognomen for himself, employed by Heidenstam.
all, all, the whole, every;
  dagen r all, the day is done, past.
alla, all.
allaredan, already.
alldeles, just, exactly, precisely; altogether, very.
allen, allena, alone, lonely.
allestdes, everywhere.
Allfader (-n), All-father.
allmoge (-n), common people, commonalty.
allmn, general, common, usual, customary; public.
allmnhet (-en), public.
allo, all.
allra, of all, very, most;
  allra helst som, especially as;
  allra minst, least of all.
allt, all, altogether, ever, constantly;
  allt fr, too, all too;
  allt efter som, as, according as;
  allt oftare, oftener than before, the more often;
  allt hittills, until now, up to the present.
alltfr, too, all too.
alltid, always, ever.
alltigenom, throughout.
alltjmt, constantly, always, ever.
alltmer, alltmera, gradually, more and more, the more.
alltnog, sufficiently, amply.
alltren, already;
  usually allaredan.
alltsedan, ever since, from the time (that).
allvar (-et), earnestness, seriousness, soberness, intensity.
allvarsam, serious, somber, solemn.
allvarsfylld, serious, sober, heavy.
alm (-en, -ar), elm.
alpkurort (-en, -er), Alpine health resort.
altar|e, altar (-et, -en or --), altar.
Amerika, America.
an, on, forward, onward.
anande, anticipating.
anblick (-en), aspect, sight, prospect, view.
and (anden, nder), duck, wild duck.
and|a (-an, -ar), spirit; breath.
and|as (-ades, -ats), to breathe, inhale, respire, exhale.
and|e (-en, -ar), spirit, mind, intellect; ghost, apparition;
  Anden or den Helige Ande, the Holy Spirit.
andedrkt (-en), breath.
andelig, andlig, spiritual.
andeliv (-et), spiritual life.
Anders, Andrew.
anderst (-en, -er), voice of a (the) spirit; spec.,
  the voice of the Holy Spirit.
andevrld (-en, -ar), spirit world, spiritual world.
andlig, spiritual, mental; theological, religious, divine.
andra, other, different, others.
Andreas, Andrew.
anfrvant (-en, -er),  kin, kindred.
Angelika, Angelica.
angrepp (-et, --), attack.
an|gripa (-grep, -gripit), to attack.
anhngare (-n, --), follower, devotee; member.
aning (-en, -ar), anticipation, premonition; fancy.
anklag|a (-ade, -at), to accuse, charge, implead; to complain of.
anlag  (-et, --),  aptitude, aptness, ability; prerequisites.
anledning (-en, -ar), reason, occasion, cause.
anlet, anlet|e (-et, -en), face, countenance, visage.
anletsdrag (-et, --), countenance, visage, features.
anln|da (-de, -t), to arrive.
ann, annan, other.
Anna, Anna, Ann, Anne.
anna|n (-t) other, another; different; something else; otherwise;
  en och annan, a few, one here and there, sundry.
anonymt, anonymously.
anor (no sg.), ancestry, descent, pedigree.
anrttning (-en, -ar), preparation, course, dish.
ansad, cultivated, well cared for, nurtured.
ansedd, renowned, noted.
an|sluta (-slt, -slutit) sig, to join.
an|sl (-slog, -slagit), to intone; to strike (a note).
ansprk (-en, --), claim, demand, requirement.
ansprkslshet (-en), simplicity, unassuming manner.
anstalt (-en, -er), institution, establishment; pl., provision,
  arrangements.
an|st (-stod, -sttt), to fit, become, beseem; to be suitable for.
anstll|a (-de, -t), to engage, employ.
anstllning (-en, -ar), situation, position.
anstndig, decent, fitting, proper.
ansvar (-et), responsibility.
antagligen, presumably, supposedly.
antal (-et, --), number.
antites (-en, -er), antithesis.
antg (et, --), approach.
anvisning (-en, -ar), suggestion, direction.
anvn|da (-de, -t), to use, employ.
Apollo, Apollon, Apollo, god of music and poetry; also, poet., Apoll.
apost|el (-eln, -lar), apostle.
appell (-en, -er), appeal, call, signal.
april, April.
arbetare (-n, --), workman, laborer.
arbete (-t, -n), work, labor, employment, occupation.
arbetsdag (-en, -ar), working day, day of toil.
arbetstrtt, toilworn, tired, exhausted with work.
arg, evil, depraved.
aristokratisk, aristocratic.
ark (-et, --), sheet (of paper).
arkipelag (-en, -er), archipelago;
  Cap., the Grecian archipelago.
arla, early.
arm (-en, -ar), arm.
arm, poor, pitiful, unfortunate.
arm (-en, -er), army.
armod (-et), poverty, need, want, penury.
art (-en, -er), variety, kind; style, character.
artighet (-en), politeness, courtesy;
  artigheter, compliments;
  sga artigheter, to pass compliments.
artigt, politely, affably, courteously.
artik|el (-eln, -lar), article.
arv (-et, --), heritage, inheritance, legacy.
arving, arvinge (-en, -ar), heir.
arvked (-en), hereditary chain or link.
ask|a (-an), ashes, cinders, dust, debris.
Aten, Athens.
atenare (-n, --), Athenian.
atensk, Athenian.
Atis, character in an epic poem by Creutz.
att, to; that, so that, in order that.
auktoritet (-en, -er), authority.
Aurorafrbundet, the Aurora Society.
av, of, by, from; off; about, concerning.
avbild (-en, -er), image.
avbj|a (-de, -t), to decline, refuse, relinquish.
avfall (-et, --), desertion, defection, falling away, dissension;
  apostasy, fall.
avgrund (-en, -er), abyss, chasm, precipice; gulf, pit;
  bottomless pit, hell, Hades.
avgrundsbedvande, infernally noisy, deafening as pandemonium.
avgrande, decisive, final.
av|lida (-led, -lidit), to pass away, die, expire.
avlng, oblong.
av|lgga (-lade, -lagt), to take (as a degree, an oath); to show,
  present; to take off, remove.
avls|a (-te, -t), to relieve; to remove;
  also lsa av.
av|se (-sg, -sett), to intend, plan, propose, purpose; to design,
  have in mind, aim at; to have for one's object.
avsked (-et), leave, farewell, parting; discharge, dismissal;
  taga avsked, to take leave, say farewell, depart; to resign.
avskedsstund (-en, -er), hour or moment of farewell, parting or
  departure.
avskrift (-en, -er), copy.
avslipad, ground smooth, polished.
avslut|a (-ade, -at), to finish, complete, end, close.
avspegl|a (-ade, -at), to reflect.
avstann|a (-ade, -at), to stop, cease, abate, subside.
avstnd (-et, --), distance.
avsn|da (-de, -t), to send, send away, send off; to dispatch.
av|taga (-tog, -tagit), to diminish, decrease; to lapse; to ebb.
avvikande, at variance (with), departing (from), different (from).

B.

backantisk, bacchantic, bacchanalian.
back|e (-en, -ar), hill, hillside, incline.
bakom, behind, in the rear.
bal (-en, -er), ball, dance.
balsam, (-en, rarely), balm, balsam.
balsamisk, balmy, balsamic, incense-breathing.
balsamluft (-en), balsamic air, balmy breeze.
balsamlukt (-en), scent of balsam, balmy odor.
balustrad (-en, -er), balustrade, banister.
ban (-en), path, course; area, expanse.
ban|a (-an, -or), course, way, path; career.
band (-et, --), bond, band; ribbon, badge.
banr (-et, --), banner, flag, colors, standard.
bank (-en, -ar), bank, ridge.
bannlys|a (-te, -t), to banish, debar, interdict.
bannor, reproof, reprimand, scolding.
bar, bare.
bara, only, just.
barbar (-en, -er), barbarian, savage, pagan, vandal.
barbari (-et, poet., -t), barbarism.
barkbrd (et), bread made from bark and flour.
barm (-en, -ar), bosom.
barmhrtig, merciful, gracious.
barmhrtighet (-en), mercy, grace, compassion, loving-kindness.
barn (-et, --), child, descendant.
barnag|a (-at, -on), eye of a child.
barndom (-en), childhood.
barndomshem (-met, --), childhood home.
barndomsminne (-t, -n), childhood memory.
barnlek (-en, -ar), child's play, frolic, pastime.
barnls, childless.
barnslig, childish, childlike.
baron (-en, -er), baron.
barrikad (-en, -er), barricade.
bas (-en, -ar), bass.
basun (-en, -er), trumpet.
basunaljud, basunljud (-et, --), sound of the trumpet or trumpets.
be, (bad, bett), to beg; to pray (for); to beseech, supplicate.
bebo (-dde, -tt), to inhabit; to dwell in.
bedja (bad, bedit), to pray, ask; to invoke, beseech.
be|draga (-drog, -dragit), to deceive, cheat.
bedrift (-en, -er), act, achievement, deed.
be|driva (-drev, -drivit), to carry on; to operate, prosecute.
befall|a (-de, -t), to order, command.
befallning (-en, -ar), order, command, instructions.
befattning (-en, -ar), office, position.
be|finna (-fann, -funnit) sig, to find oneself; to be;
  to dwell, live, reside.
befordran, promotion, advancement.
befordrande (-t), advancement, promotion.
befri|a (-ade, -at), to liberate, set free.
befriare (-n, --), liberator.
befrielse (-n), liberation.
befngd, absurd, preposterous, foolish, nonsensical.
befst|a (-ade, -at; -e, --), to establish.
begap|a (-ade, -at), to stare at, ogle; to gaze at, in wonder
  or admiration.
be|giva (-gav, -givit) sig, to betake oneself;
  begiva sig av, bort, to depart.
be|grava (-grov, gravit; -gravde, -gravt), to bury, inter.
begravning (-en, -ar), funeral, burial.
begrepp, (-et, --), reason, conception, understanding.
begrund|a (-ade, -at), to ponder (on), to meditate (on).
be|grta (-grt, -grtit), to mourn, lament, bemoan; to grieve for.
begyn|na (-te, -t), to begin.
begynnelse (-n), beginning.
begvad, gifted, talented.
begvning (-en), talent, gifts; qualifications; genius.
begr (-et, --), desire, passion; longing.
begr|a (-de, -t), to demand, request; to covet.
behag (-et, --), charm, grace, beauty, fascination, attraction.
behag|a (-ade, -at), to suit, please, delight; to deign, condescend.
behrsk|a (-ade, -at), to govern, control, rule; to reign over.
behrskning (-en), control, self-control.
bekant, known, well-known; acquainted.
bekantskap (-en, -er), acquaintance; familiarity.
beklag|a (-ade, -at), to regret.
bekvm, comfortable, convenient.
bekym|mer (-ret, --), care, trouble, worry, vexation, anxiety.
bekn|na (-de, -t), to confess; to own to.
belastad, laden, burdened.
be|le (-log, -lett), to laugh at; to ridicule, deride.
belevad, refined, elegant, chic.
Belinda, Belinda, Belle.
belten, satisfied, cheerful.
beln|a (-ade, -at or -t), to reward, compensate.
bemrk|a (-te, -t), to notice, observe closely; to remark (upon).
ben (-en, --), leg; bone; remains, dust.
bengen, inclined, prone;
  bengen fr, inclined to favor, in favor of.
benmn|a (-de, -t), to call, term, designate.
bepris|a (-ade, -at), to praise, compliment; to commend.
bere|da (-dde, -tt), to prepare; to provide.
beredd, prepared; tanned; reserved.
berg (-et, --), mountain, rock.
bergbck (-en, -ar), mountain brook, run, rivulet; rocky brooklet.
berghll (-en, -ar), bedrock; ledge of rock.
berghg, mountain high.
bergig, rocky, mountainous.
Bergsngsbacke (-en, -ar), hill of Bergsng.
Bernhard, Bernard, Bernard.
beryktad, famous, much talked of, celebrated, illustrious.
berkna (-ade, -at), to calculate, estimate, reckon.
berttelse (-n, -r), story, narrative.
berm|ma (-de, -t), to praise, laud, compliment, commend, extol,
  eulogize.
bermd, famous, celebrated, illustrious, well-known.
berr|a (-de, -t), to touch; to influence.
berring (-en), touch, association.
be|se (-sg, -sett), to contemplate, inspect, examine.
be|sitta (-satt, -suttit), to possess, own, have.
be|skina (-sken, -skinit), to illumine, irradiate.
be|skriva (-skrev, -skrivit), to explain; to describe.
beskd|a (-ade, -at), to contemplate, examine, look at.
beskr|a (-de, -t), to bestow, grant, give, assign, allot, vouchsafe;
  cf. the related word "share".
beslag (-et, --), claim, embargo;
  lgga beslag p, to claim, lay claim to.
beslut (-et, --), decision, resolve, resolution.
beslut|a (-ade, -at; beslt, beslutit), to resolve, decide.
bestorm|a (-ade, -at), to assail.
bestyr|a (-de, -t), to manage, do;
  bestyra om, (ombestyra), to look after.
be|st (-stod, -sttt), to prevail; to stand, remain.
bestllsam, busy, officious.
bestm|ma (-de, -t), to determine, decide, resolve, order.
bestndig, constant, permanent, enduring.
bestndigt, constantly, incessantly, forever, permanently.
bestnk|a (-te, -t), to sprinkle, besprinkle.
besvikelse (-n, -r), disappointment.
besvr (-et, --), difficulty, trouble; work, pains.
besk (-et, --), visit, call.
betagande, charming, captivating.
betagen, fascinated, charmed.
betal|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to pay, settle; to compensate.
beteckn|a (-ade, -at), to mark, designate; to signify, mean; to imply.
betrakt|a (-ade, -at), to look at or upon; to consider, contemplate:
  to meditate on.
betraktande (-t), contemplation.
betraktelse (-n, -r), meditation; view.
betrdd, trodden, entered.
betrff|a (-ade, -at), to concern, to appertain;
  vad det betrffar, as to that, concerning that.
bets|el (-let, --), bit, bridle.
betvl|a (-ade, -at), lit., to lather, fig., to give someone his due;
  to satirize; now tilltvla.
betydande, significant, important.
betydelse (-n, -r), meaning, significance, importance.
betydelsefull, significant, important.
betydlig, considerable, important, marked, remarkable.
betydligt, considerably, materially.
betck|a (-te, -t), to cover.
betnk|a (-te, -t), to consider, ponder, contemplate.
beundr|a (-ade, -at), to admire.
beundran, admiration.
bevar|a (-ade, -at), to protect, preserve.
bevars (bevare oss), dear me, mercy, for goodness sake.
bevis (-et, --), proof; example, instance; argument.
bevisligt, manifestly, evidently, clearly.
bi, by;
  st bi, to last, endure, hold out, remain; to stand by, assist.
bibe|hlla (-hll, -hllit), to retain;
  bibehlla sig, to remain, endure; to continue to be.
bib|el (-eln, -lar), Bible.
bibliotek (-et, --), library.
bibliotekari|e (-en, -er), librarian.
biblisk, Biblical.
bid|a (-ade, -at), to abide, await.
bidrag (-et, --), contribution.
bi|draga (-drog, -dragit), to contribute; to assist.
bifall (-et, --), assent, acquiescence, approval, applause.
bikt|a (-ade, -at), to confess.
biktersk|a (-an, -or), confessor, pleader (fem.).
bild (-en, -er), picture, figure, image.
bild|a (-ade, -at), to form, mold, make, produce.
bildning (-en), culture, education; formation.
billig, reasonable, cheap.
billigt, within reason, reasonably.
binda (band, bundit), to bind; to present, put under obligation;
  to tie, connect; to fetter, shackle.
Birgitta, Birgitta;
  heliga Birgitta, St. Birgitta.
bisarr, bizarre; odd, fantastic.
biskop (-en, -ar), bishop.
bister, harsh, bitter, severe; rugged, rude.
bit -(en, -ar), piece; snatch (of melody).
bita (bet, bitit), to bite; to cut.
bitande, biting, sharp.
bitter, bitter, severe.
bitterhet (-en), bitterness.
bjuda (bjd, bjudit), to offer, proffer, tender; to invite;
  to order, command, compel; to bid; rare pret., bd; bjuda
  spetsen, to challenge; to offer resistance.
bjfs (-et), finery, tinsel, gewgaw; ruching.
bjlk|e (-en, -ar), beam.
bjllklang (-en), tinkle of bells;
  regular form, bjllerklang.
bjllr|a (-an, -or), bells, cowbells.
bjrk (-en, -ar), birch.
bjrn (-en, -ar), bear.
bjrnjakt (-en, -er), bear hunt.
black, tawny, muddy gray.
blad (-et, --), leaf, blade; sheet.
bladbekrnt, crowned with leaves.
bland, among, in, of.
bland|a (-ade, -at), to mingle, mix.
blank, shiny, polished, bright, burnished.
Blanzeflor, character in a medieval ballad.
blek, pale.
blek|a (-te, -t), to whiten.
blekn|a (-ade, -at), to pale, grow wan; to fade.
bli, (bliva), to be, become.
blick (-en, -ar), look, eye, glance, glimpse; view, outlook.
blick|a (-ade, -at), to look, glance.
blid, blithe, mild, gentle.
blind, blind.
blindhet (-en), blindness.
blindvis, blindly.
blink (-en, -ar), instant, jiffy, second.
bliva (blev, blivit), to be, become; to remain; to come into existence.
blixt (-en, -ar), lightning, flash.
blixtrande, sparkling, scintillating, gleaming, shining.
Blocksberg, one of several mountains in Germany;
  spec., Mt. Brocken in the Harz range.
blod (-et, rarely -en), blood.
blod|as (-ades, -ats), to be stained with blood.
blodbestnkt, bloodstained.
blodig, bloody, gory.
blom (-men), bloom, flower.
blomdoft (-en, -et, -er), scent, fragrance, perfume, odor (of flowers).
blomm|a (-an, -or), flower, blossom.
blomm|a (-ade, -at), to bloom, blossom, flower.
blommande, blooming, in bloom.
blomst|er (-ret, --), blossom, flower.
blomsterfan|a (-an, -or), flowery banner.
blomstergrd (-en, -ar), flower garden.
blomsterkrans (-en, -ar), garland, wreath.
blomsterkrnt, crowned with flowers.
blomsterlindad, wreathed or decked with flowers.
blomstermatta (-an, -or), flowery carpet, carpet of flowers.
blomsterrad (-en, -er), flowery garland or festoon.
blomsterregn (-et, --), floral shower.
blomsterskl (-en, -ar), chalice, cup.
blomstersnr (-et, --), tangle or mass of bloom, blooming shrubbery.
blomsterstngel (-eln, -lar), flower stalk.
blomstra (-ade, -at), to flourish; to blossom.
bloss (-et, --), light, torch, blaze.
bloss|a (-ade, -at), to twinkle, shine, beam, blaze.
blott, only, just, merely, nothing but.
blotta (-ade, -at), to lay bare, disclose, expose, reveal;
  to bare, uncover.
blund (-en), slumber, nap.
blund|a (-ade, -at), to wink, slumber.
blyg|as (-des, -ts), to be ashamed; to blush; to be shy, bashful, timid.
blygd (-en), shame, disgrace, ignominy.
blygsam, modest, unostentatious, submissive.
blygsamhet (-en), modesty, lowliness.
blytung, heavy as lead, leaden, oppressive.
bl, blue; det bl, the blue distance; Fgel Bl, "Bluebird".
bln|a (-ade, -at), to turn blue.
blnande, turning blue; blue.
blsa (-te, -t), to blow.
blckhorn (-et, --), ink-horn.
blnd|a (-ade, -at), to dazzle, fascinate.
blndande, brilliant, dazzling.
blnga (-de, -t), to glare.
blnka (-te, -t), to shine, glitter, gleam.
blda (-dde, -tt), to bleed.
bo (-et, -n), nest; dwelling, hut, cot, home.
bo (-dde, -tt), to live, dwell, reside.
bock (-en, -ar), he-goat, buck.
bohagsting (-et, --), household utensil.
boj|a (-an, -or), bond, fetter, chain.
bok (boken, bcker), book, volume.
bokhylla (-an, -or), bookshelf, bookcase.
boll (-en, -ar), ball, sphere.
bolster (-ret, -rar), cushion, bolster, pillow.
bom (-men, -mar), miss (in shooting and various games).
bomullsbusk|e (-en, -ar), cotton plant.
bonde (bonden, bnder), peasant, farmer, countryman.
bondestam (-men, -mar), peasant blood or family.
bondevis (-et); country manner; p bondevis, in peasant fashion;
  after the manner of peasants.
bondpojk|e (-en, -ar), country boy.
boning (-en, -ar), dwelling.
bord (-et, --), table, board.
Bore, Boreas, Winter.
borg (-en, -ar), castle, palace, stronghold.
bort, away, off, hence.
bortbytt, exchanged; substantively, changeling.
borterst, most distant, far past.
bortglmd, forgotten, neglected.
bortom, beyond.
bortryck|a (-te, -t), to summon hence; to call away (by death).
bortskra (-skar, -skurit), to cut off.
bort|vika (-vek, -vikit), to turn away.
boskap (-en), cattle, kine.
bo|stta (-satte, -satt) sig, to settle down, to locate;
  to make one's home; vara bo-satt, to live, dwell.
bot (boten, bter), cure, remedy;
bter, fine, damages.
bot|a (-ade, -at), to cure, heal, remedy.
bott|en (-nen, -nar), bottom.
bragd (-en, -er), achievement, exploit.
brak (-et, --), crash, din; thunder, boom, crack.
brand (-en), fire, blaze; brnder, firebrands, glow; mor-gonens
brand, glow of dawn, auroral splendor.
brant (-en, -er), precipice, steep, brink.
brant, steep.
bras|a (-an, -or), grate fire, blaze, fire, hearth.
bravoskri (-et, --), shout of bravo, hurrah; commonly bravo rop.
bred, broad, wide.
breda (bredde, brett), to spread, lay, stretch, scatter.
bredvid, beside, nearby.
briljant, brilliant.
bring|a (-ade, -at; brkte, brkt), to bring.
brink (-en, -ar), bank, steep hillside.
brinna (brann, brunnit), to burn; to shine, twinkle (of
stars); to glow.
brist (-en, -er), fault, defect, flaw, failure, frailty, blemish;
  lack, want, need, scarcity, default.
brista (brast, brustit), to break, snap, burst; to lack; to be wanting.
bristande, lack of; lacking.
bro (-n, -ar), bridge.
broder (brodern, brder), brother, friend.
brokig, varicolored, motley.
brons (-en, -er), bronze.
bror (broder), brother.
brott (-et, --), vice, crime; transgression.
brud (-en, -ar), bride.
brudegng (-en), poet., bridal procession; commonly, brud(e)frd.
bruk (-et, --), use; service; mill, factory.
bruk|a (-ade, -at), to use, employ.
brukspatron (-en, -er), proprietor of industrial establishment;
  manufacturer; ironmaster.
brunn (-en, -ar), well, spring.
Brunte, name for a brown horse; also brunte, dobbin.
brus (-et), roar, rush.
brus|a (-ade, -at), to surge, rush, roar.
brusande, stormy, uproarious.
bry (-dde, -tt), to tease; to trouble, concern, bother.
brydsam, embarrassing, trying, troublesome, vexed.
brygd (-en, -er), brew.
bryn (-et, --), edge, horizon; brim.
bryta (brt, brutit), to break, sever; to force a way; to share
  (as bread); to break off; to burst; to till, cultivate.
brddjup (-et, --), precipice.
brdskande, eager, hurried.
brdstrtad, precipitous, hurried.
brk (-et, --), trouble, ado, bother, pains; fluster, confusion.
brk|a (-ade, -at), to bother, trouble, worry;
  brka sitt vett, (sin hjrna), to rack or beat one's brain.
brtt, soon, quickly, in haste.
brttom (brtt),  hurried, in a hurry;
  ha brttom, to be in a hurry;
  vara brttom, to be urgent.
brck|a (-te, -t), to break, shatter.
brcklig, frail, slight, fragile.
brdd (-en, -ar), verge, edge, rim.
brddad, filled, brimming.
brddfull, brimming over, full to the rim.
brk|a (-te, -t), to bleat.
brn|na (-de, -t), to burn.
brnning (-en, -ar), breaker, surf, surge.
brd (-et, --), bread, food, nourishment; loaf.
brllop (-et, --), wedding, marriage; marriage feast.
brllopstm (-men, -mar), reins decorated for a wedding procession.
brst (-et, --), breast, bosom; heart.
brstlidande (-t), affection of the chest or lungs; consumption.
bubbl|a (-an, -or), bubble.
buckl|a (-an, -or), spec., bulging or rounded part (of a stringed
  instrument); gen., knob; dent.
bud (-et, --), message, notice, intelligence; signal; order, command;
  skriva bud, to dictate, give orders.
budskap (-et, --), message.
buff|el (-eln, -lar), buffalo.
bug|a (-ade, -at), to bow, bend.
bugning (-en, -ar), bow.
bull|er (-ret), noise, din, bustle, rumble, rattle, bluster,
  tumult, uproar, clamor.
bunden, bound, shackled, fettered.
bur (-en, -ar), cage.
burgunder (-n), Burgundy wine.
burnus (-en, -ar), burnoose, a cloaklike garment and hood
  in one piece, worn by Arabs.
by (-n, -ar), village.
bygd (-en, -er), neigborhood, environment, region; tract,
  settled district.
bygg|a (-de, -t), to build, erect, construct.
byt|a (-te, -t), to change, exchange; to trade; to transform;
  byta ord, to exchange words; to disagree, quarrel;
  byta bort, to barter away.
byte (-t, -n), booty, spoils; trade, exchange, bargain.
bd|a (-ade, -at), to announce, forebode.
bde, both.
bg|e (-en, -ar), bow, arch.
bgig, curved, bent;
  bgiga mnen, the curving moon.
bng, noise, bluster, fuss, din; ostentation;
  buller och bng, bluster and blare.
br (-en, -ar), bier; stretcher, litter.
brtcke (-et, -en), pall.
bs (-et, --), stall.
bt|a (-ade, -at), to avail.
  Vad btar det? What is the use?
bck (-en, -ar), brook, rivulet,
bdd (-en, -ar), bed.
bdd|a (-ade, -at), to make a bed.
bgare (-n, --), beaker, drinking cup, goblet.
blte (-t, -n), belt.
bra (bar, burit), to bear, carry, bring; to bring forth;
  bra ... drag, to resemble;
  buren av, characterized by, distinguished for;
  bra emot, to be disagreeable.
bst, best, foremost.
bv|a (-ade, -at), to quake, tremble.
bvan, trembling.
bj|a (-de, -t), to bend, bow, inflect;
  bja sig, to yield, submit.
bjelse (-n, -r), passion, affection, infatuation; tendency.
bl|a (-ade, -at), to bellow, low, moo.
blj|a (-an, -or), wave, billow.
bljande, undulating, rocking, tossing.
bljeslag (-et, --), wave-beat; lapping or dashing of waves.
bn (-en, -er), prayer, supplication.
bnhr|a (-de, -t), to hear prayer; to grant a petition.
bnkapell (-et, --), chapel, house of prayer.
bra (borde, bort), ought, should; sometimes in the sense of
  bra gra, ought to do, or borde hava gjort, ought
  to have one.
brd (-en), birth, noble birth.
brj|a (-ade, -at), to begin, start.
brjan, beginning, outset, start.
brs (-en, -ar), purse.
bss|a (-an, -or), gun, rifle.

C.

Camilla, Camille, priestess in the temple of Diana, heroine
  of an epic poem by Creutz.
ced|er (-ern, -rar), cedar.
Celadon, favorite name for a lover in pastoral poetry.
Celadondrion, arbitrary transformation of Celadon.
cell (-en, -er), cell, chamber.
central, central, chief, principal.
centaur (-en, -er), centaur.
centr|um (-a), commonly cent|er (-ern, -rer), center.
char (-en, -er), chariot, car.
Charlotta, Charlotte.
cirk|el (-eln, -lar), circle, ring.
cittr|a (-an, -or), zither.
Cupid, Cupido, (also Kupido), Cupid, god of love;
  commonly Amor.
cymbal (-en, -er), cymbal.

D.

dag (-en, -ar), day, daylight, light, dawn;
  i vra dagar (dar), in our day, time;
  lgga i dagen, to show, display, present.
dag|as (-ades, -ats), to dawn.
dag|er (-ern, -rar), daylight, dawn, light.
dagg (-en), dew, dewdrop.
dagligen, daily, day by day.
dagligt, daily.
dagsled (-en, -er), day's march or journey.
dal (-en, -ar), valley, dale, vale.
Dalarna, Dalecarlia (curiously formed from dalkarl, a man of this
  province), lit., The Dales.
dallr|a (-ade, -at), to quaver, vibrate.
dalmlning (-en, -ar), painting from Dalarna (Dalecarlia).
Dallven, river in Dalarna.
damm (-et), dust.
damm|a (-ade, -at), to dust.
dans (-en, -ar or -er), dance.
dans|a (-ade, -at), to dance; to gambol.
dansersk|a (-an, -or), dancer (fem.), danseuse.
dansk, Danish.
dar (dagar), days.
darr|a (-ade, -at), to flicker; to tremble, quaver, waver.
data, data, facts;
  datum (sg.), date.
de, the, they, those.
debut (-en, -er), debut.
debuter|a (-ade, -at), to make one's debut.
december, December.
dejlig, bonny, pretty, blithe.
del (-en, -ar), part, portion, fraction;
  komma ... till del, to be accorded (some one).
del|a (-ade, -at), to divide, distribute; to give out, dispense;
  to impart (cf. meddela); to share.
delfin (-en, -er), dolphin.
dels, partly.
delta (-t or -n), delta.
del|taga (-tog, -tagit), to take part, participate, assist.
deltagande (-t), participation; sympathy.
delvis, partly, in part.
dem, them, those.
demokratiser|as (-ades, -ats), to be democratized.
den, the, that, he, it, that one, whoever.
den och den, such and such.
denna, denne, this, this one; he, she.
dens, his, of that one, of him, of her.
densamma, the same; him, her (in obj. case).
deras, their, theirs.
dess, its,
  ju ... dess, the ... the.
dessa, these.
desto, the, all the;
  ju ... desto, the ... the.
det, it, the, that, what; whatever; there (as, det finns, there are).
detsamma, the same, it;
  i or med detsamma, at once, in an instant, instantly, at that moment.
detta, this, this one.
Dexippos, Dexippus, Greek historian.
dig, you, thee.
dign|a (-ade, -at), to fall; to sink to the ground.
dikt (-en, -er), poem, verses; poetic work; poetry; poetic endeavor;
  song.
dikt|a (-ade, -at), to indite, compose; to write (verse or fiction);
  to conceive.
diktcyk|el (-eln, -ler or -lar), cycle of poems.
dikthfte (-t, -n), small book of verse.
diktkonst (-en), poetry, poesy, authorship.
diktning (-en), poetry, poesy, fiction.
diktsamling (-en, -ar), collection of poems or poetic works.
diktverk (-et, --), poetic work.
dillktt (-et), meat prepared with dill or served with dill sauce.
dimm|a (-an, -or), fog, haze, obscurity.
din, your, yours, thine.
Dionysos, Dionysus, Bacchus.
direkt, direct, directly.
disputer|a (-ade, -at), to discuss, dispute.
dit, thither, whither, thereto, to which.
ditt, in that direction.
djup (-et, --), deep, abyss, depth.
djup, deep, profound, deep-laid.
djupsinnig, profound, meditative.
djupt, far below.
djur (-et, --), animal, creature.
Djurgrden, park at Stockholm;
  lit., the Zoo.
Djurgrdsek (-en, -ar), oaks in Djurgrden, a park in Stockholm.
djrv, rash, brave, arrogant; resolute; ringing, rousing.
djrvhet (-en, -er), bravery, rashness, arrogance.
docent (-en, -er), instructor, assistant professor.
dock, yet, nevertheless, still, however.
doft (-en or -et, -er), fragrance, odor, scent.
doft|a (-ade, -at), to give out fragrance; to exhale sweet odors;
  to smell (sweet).
doftande, fragrant.
dogm (-en, -er), dogma, doctrine.
dok (-et, --), veil.
doktorsgrad (-en, -er), doctor's degree.
dold, hidden, secret, secluded.
dolsk, wily, designing, crafty, insidious.
dom (-en, -ar), verdict, judgment, decision.
domn|a (-ade, -at), to grow numb, dull, dormant; to abate, subside
  (as wind, storm); to doze away, drop into a light slumber.
domprost (-en, -ar), dean.
dotter (dottern, dttrar), daughter.
dotter|son (-sonen, -sner), grandson.
dov, dull, hollow.
dovt, with a hollow sound, dismally.
drabant (-en, -er), attendant, satellite, aide.
drabb|a (-ade, -at), to strike; to befall; to attack;
  striden drabbar hrd, the battle rages fiercely.
drag (-et, --), feature, characteristic, mark; countenance; draught;
  breath of air, breeze, current.
draga (drog, dragit), to bear; to draw, attract; to bring out; to raise;
  to wear; to go; draga ut p tiden, to take a long time, grow tedious.
dragharmonik|a (-an, -or), accordion.
drak|e (-en, -ar), dragon.
dram (-en, -er), drama.
dram|a (-at, -er), drama.
dramatisk, dramatic.
drap|a (-an, -or), dirge, threnody, death-song.
dricka (drack, druckit), to drink; to carouse;
  dricka ... till, to drink to; to drink the health of.
drill (-en, -ar), trill, warble, run, quaver.
driv|a (-an, -or), drift, snowdrift, bank of snow.
driva (drev, drivit), to drive; to drift.
driv|en (-et), chased, embossed, hammered, tooled;
  drivet silver, chased silver.
dropp|a (-ade, -at), to drop, drip.
drottning (-en, -ar), queen.
druck|en, drunken, intoxicated.
druml|a (-ade, -at), to stumble along; to move clumsily.
drumlig, awkward, clumsy.
drunkn|a (-ade, -at), to drown; to be submerged.
druv|a (-an, -or), grape, cluster of grapes.
dryck (-en, -er), drink, potion.
dryft|a (-ade, -at), to discuss.
drkt (-en, -er), gown, dress, costume; form.
drng (-en, -ar), manservant, hired man; menial.
drnk|a (-te, -t), to drown.
drnkning (-en), drowning.
drj|a (-de, -t), to linger, tarry, stay, remain.
drm (-men, -mar), dream.
drm|ma (-de, -t), to dream.
drmmande, dreamy, fanciful, meditative, contemplative; dreamily.
drmmersk|a (-an, -or), dreamer.
drmsjuk, melancholy.
du, you, thou.
dubbel, double, twofold.
dubbelt, doubly, twice.
dug|a (-de, -t), to be good for, to be fit, suitable (for); to be good
  enough; duga till, to be good for, able (to).
duk|a (-ade, -at), to set the table;
  bordet r dukat, the table is spread.
dukat (-en, -er), ducat.
dukning (-en), setting the table, laying covers.
dum, foolish, idiotic, senseless, nonsensical;
  Dummer, old form of dum, used as a proper name.
dumhet (-en, -er), folly, foolishness.
dummerjns (-en, -ar), tomfool, simpleton, dunce, dullard.
Dunciad (-en), the Dunciad, by Alexander Pope.
dundergud (-en, -ar), god of thunder, thunderer.
dunderslag (-et, --), thunderstroke;
  fig., stupendous achievement.
dundrar|e (-en or -n, --), thunderer.
dunkel, gloomy, dark, faint, dim; obscure; indistinct.
dunkelhet (-en), dimness, gloom; vagueness, obscurity.
dunst|a (-ade, -at), to smell of; to evaporate.
dunvarm, warm and downy.
duv|a (-an, -or), dove, pigeon.
duvtorn (-et, --), pigeon tower.
dvala (-n), sleep, lethargy, dormancy, stupor.
dvljas (dvaldes, dvalts), to dwell, to sojourn; to remain.
dvrg (-en, -ar), dwarf, gnome, pygmy.
dvrgaham, -hamn (-en, -ar), dwarflike figure, pygmy.
dvrgalt (-en, -ar), howling of pygmies.
dygd (-en, -er), virtue.
dygn (-et, --), day of twenty-four hours, a day and a night.
dyka (dk or dykte, dykt), to dive.
dylik, such, similar;
  dylikt, such like, such things.
dynande, surging;
  dynande vg, breaker.
dyning (-en, -ar), surge, surf.
dyr, dear, precious, priceless.
dyrk (-en, -ar), picklock, skeleton key.
dyrk|a (-ade, -at), to worship, adore.
dyrkan, worship, adoration.
dyrkpt, high-priced; hard-earned.
dyster, gloomy, dreary, cheerless, somber.
d, then, when, at that time;
  d och d, now and then, occasionally.
dd (-et, --), deed, exploit, achievement.
dn (-et, --), noise, din, rush, roar.
dn|a (-ade, -at), to roar, rush, rumble, boom.
dr|e (-en, -ar), fool.
drhusdd (-et, --), mad deed, idiotic act, folly, lunacy.
drskap (-en, -er), folly, madness; absurdity; extravagances.
dtid (-en), that time, that period.
dm|ma (-de, -t), to dam, stem, hem in; to impede, confine.
d.. (den ldre), the elder.
dmp|a (-ade, -at), to dim, darken; to subdue, suppress.
dr, there, where.
drefter, after, thereafter.
dremot, on the contrary.
dribland, among them.
drifrn, thence, from that place; away (from it); from it.
drigenom, thereby.
drinne, within (it), in it.
drjmte, also, besides, moreover.
drnst, next in order, next (to it).
drom, about it, to that, concerning that, as to that, in that respect.
drstdes, there; in that place, locality.
drtill, thereto, thereof, of it; furthermore, in addition.
drunder, beneath, under it.
druppe, up yonder, aloft, on high.
drur, out of it, from it, thence.
druti, therein, in it.
dven, muggy, damp, moist.
d (dog, dtt), to die, pass away.
dd, (-en, rarely -ar), death, mortality.
dd, dead, unfeeling, callous.
ddlig, deadly, mortal, fatal.
ddsbdd (-en, -ar), deathbed.
ddsdmd, pronounced incurable.
ddssjuk, mortally sick.
ddssng (-en, -er), death song; dirge, requiem.
ddsngest (-en), fear of death.
dlja (dolde, dolt), to hide, conceal, cover.
dm|a (-de, -t), to judge.
drr (-en, -ar), door.
dv, deaf.
dv|a (-ade, -at), to dull, deaden; ease, reduce, alleviate;
  to deafen, stupefy.

E.

Eden, Eden, paradise.
eder (edert, edra), thy, thine, thee; you, your, yours.
edgng (-en, -ar), oath, taking oath.
edra, thy, thine; you, yours.
efter, after, since;
  giva efter, to consent, yield, submit.
efterhand, gradually, by and by.
efterlmn|a (-ade, -at), to leave behind; to leave.
eftersknk|a (-te, -t), to remit; to give up, resign.
eftertr|da (-dde, -tt), to succeed, follow.
egen, own; peculiar.
egendom (-en, -ar), possession, property, estate.
egendomlig, peculiar, characteristic.
egenskap (-en, -er), quality, characteristic, trait.
egentligen, properly, actually, really.
egoncentriker (-n, --), egocentric, a self-centered person.
Egypten, Egypt.
egyptisk, Egyptian.
eho, whoever.
ehuru, although, though.
ej, not.
ejd|er (-ern, -rar), eider down, eider duck.
ek (-en, -ar), oak.
eko (-t, -n), echo.
ekonomisk, economical, financial;
  ekonomiskt, economically, financially.
eld (-en, -ar), fire, flame, heat.
eldhg (-en), fiery determination, enthusiasm.
eldig, fiery, impetuous.
eldsvd|a (-an, -or), fire, conflagration.
elegant, elegant, graceful, refined.
element (-et, -- or -er), element.
elementarlroverk (-et, --), college, lyceum, graded school.
eller, or, otherwise.
elva, eleven.
elnde (-t), misery, sorrow, wretchedness.
embry|o, embry|on (-ot, -a), germ, embryo.
emedan, because, whereas, inasmuch as.
emellan, mellan, between, among.
emellertid, however, meanwhile, in any event.
emot, against, toward.
en, a, an, one.
ena, one thing, single thing, essential;
  det ena, that one thing, the essential thing.
enastende, unique, unparalleled.
endast, only, merely, just.
enformigt, monotonously.
engelska (-n), English, the English language.
enkel, plain, simple, single.
enkelhet (-en), simplicity, artlessness.
enkom, especially, particularly, alone.
ens; med ens, at once, suddenly, immediately, instantly.
ensam, alone, lone, lonely, lonesome, solitary.
ensamhet (-en), solitude, loneliness.
ensamhetsknsl|a (-an, -or), feeling of loneliness.
ensamhetssorg (-en, -er), melancholy; silent, solitary mourning.
ensamhetsstllning (-en), solitariness, segregation.
ensidig, one-sided, narrow.
enskild, private, single.
enslig, lone, lonely, solitary, dreary.
enslighet (-en), loneliness, solitude.
ensling (-en, -ar), recluse, hermit.
entusiastisk, enthusiastic, eager.
envar, every one.
enr, because, for the reason that.
eon (-en, -er), on, age.
epilog (-en, -er), epilogue.
episk, epic, epical.
epok (-en, -er), epoch, period, era.
er, your, you; thy, thee.
er|bjuda (-bjd, -bjudit), to offer.
er|hlla (-hll, -hllit), to receive, obtain, secure.
Erik, Eric.
erknd, acknowledged, recognized.
erknnande (-t, -n), recognition, acknowledgment.
erknsl|a (-an), recognition.
ers, your; in titles, as, Ers Majestt, your Majesty.
ervr|a (-ade, -at), to conquer, subdue; to win, gain.
essay (-n, -er), essay.
essayist (-en, -er), essayist.
estetik, esthetics.
ett, a, an, one;
  i ett, together, continuously,
  med ett, instantly.
Europa, Europe.
europeisk, European, continental European.
evad, whatever, whether.
evangelisk, evangelical.
evig, eternal, everlasting;
  den Evige, the Eternal One.
evighet (-en, -er), eternity.
evighetshopp (-et), hope of eternity (eternal life).
evigt, eternally, forever, always.
evoe, evoe, bacchanalian exclamation.
evrdlig, eternal, everlasting.
exakt, exact.
excellens (-en, -er), excellency.
excipe (L.), excepting.
exemp|el (-let, --), example, instance.
exercis (-en), drill, exercise, esp. military drill.
exister|a (-ade, -at), to exist.
extratg (-et, --), special train.

F.

fab|el (-eln, -ler), fable, story, tale.
fabrik (-en, -er), factory, workshop.
fackl|a (-an, -or), torch.
fader (fadern, fder), father;
  Fadern, Fadren, the (heavenly) Father.
faderlig, fatherly, paternal, providential.
faderskap (-et), fatherhood.
faderslpp (-en, -ar), a father's lips.
fager, fair, pretty, comely, handsome.
fal, for sale; wanton, mercenary.
falang (-en, -er), phalanx.
fall (-et, --), fall; case, instance; waterfall, cataract, cascade;
  destruction, catastrophe.
falla (fll, fallit), to fall; falla ... in, to occur to.
fallen, fallen.
fallenhet (-en), inclination, disposition.
faln|a (-ade, -at), to fade, wither; to be blighted; rarely tr.,
  to blight.
falsk, false, deceitful, treacherous; unreliable, untrustworthy;
  counterfeit.
falskhet (-en), falsity, deception, deceitfulness, treachery, perfidy,
  deceit.
faml|a (-ade, -at), to grope.
famn (-en), embrace, arms, bosom.
famna (-ade, -at), to embrace; to fathom; to surround.
famntag (-et, --), embrace.
fan|a (-an, -or), flag, banner.
fantasi (-en, -er), fancy, imagination, fantasy.
fantasivrld (-en, -ar), world of fancy; imaginary world.
Fantasos, fancy, fantasy (personified).
fantast (-en, -er), fantast, dreamer, visionary.
fantastisk, fantastic, dreamy, visionary.
fantiser|a (-ade, -at), to dream; to give free reins to one's fancy.
far (fader), father.
far|a (-an, -or), peril, danger.
fara (for, farit), to rush; to travel, journey, fare; to pass.
far|far, far|fader (-fadern), grandfather.
farkost (-en, -er), vessel, craft, bark.
farlig, dangerous, unsafe, risky, hazardous.
fart (-en), speed, pace; activity; passage.
fartyg (-et, --), ship, vessel.
farvl, farewell, good-bye.
fas|a (-an, -or), horror, terror.
fason (-en, -er), fashion, style; form, shape; manner.
fast, firm, fixed, fast.
fast, although.
fastn, although.
fat (-et, --), plate, platter, bowl.
fatt (fast), hold of, fast, up with;
  f fatt, to get hold of, seize;
  g fatt, to catch up with.
fatt|a (-ade, -at), to seize, grasp; to comprehend, understand;
  to embrace.
fattig, poor, needy, indigent, impoverished, meager, destitute.
faun (-en, -er), faun.
Faust, Faust, a character in literature, treated by Goethe, Marlowe
  (as Faustus), Rydberg, and others.
Febus, Phoebus, the sun-god.
feg, cowardly.
feghet (-en), cowardice.
fej (-et), cleaning, polishing.
fejdenamn (-et, --), controversial name.
fel (-et, --), fault, error, mistake.
fel|a (-ade, -at), to err, fail; to make a mistake.
fel|as (-ades or -tes, -ats), to be lacking, wanting; to fall short.
fem, five.
femhundra, five hundred.
femtio, femti, fifty.
femtirs, semicentennial.
femton, fifteen.
fenomenal, phenomenal.
fest (-en, -er), festival, feast.
festlik, festlig, festive.
festtg (-et, --), procession, parade.
fet, fat, chubby, fleshy.
fete (-n, -r), festival.
fib|er (-ern, -rer), fiber.
fiende (-n, -r), enemy, foe, antagonist.
figur (-en, -er), figure, character.
fik|a (-ade, -at), to yearn for; to strive; to covet;
  reg., fika efter (not fr).
filosof (-en, -er), philosopher, thinker.
filosofi (-en or -n), philosophy.
filosofie, of philosophy (in degrees, as filosofie doktor).
filosofisk, philosophical.
fin, fine, exquisite, dainty, elegant, delicate; slender.
finbildad, highly educated, highly accomplished, erudite.
fing|er (-ern, or -ret, -rar), finger.
finna (fann, funnit), to find, discover;
  finna p, to discover, devise;
  finna upp, to invent.
finnas (fanns, funnits), to be, exist; to be found; to be discovered.
finsk, Finnish.
fintlig, inventive, clever.
fir|a (-ade, -at), to celebrate, commemorate.
fiskar(e)flick|a (-an, -or), fisher maiden, fisherman's daughter.
fiskskinnsverdragen, covered with fish skin.
fjorton, fourteen.
fjd|er (-ern, -rar), feather, quill.
fjdrad, feathery, feathered.
fjll (-en, -- or -ar), mountain, fjeld.
fjrd (-en, -ar), bay, fiord.
fjr|il (-ilen, -iln, -ilar, -lar), butterfly.
fjrm|a (-ade, -at), to remove;
  fjrma sig, to absent oneself; to leave, depart, withdraw.
fjrmare, more distant, farther off.
fjrran, far, distant; afar, remote.
fjsk (-et), fuss, bustle, flurry, stew.
fjt (-et, --), pace, step; footprint, footstep.
fladdrande, flickering, fluttering.
flamingo (-n, -s), flamingo.
flamm|a (-an, -or), flame, fire; spark of inspiration.
flamm|a (-ade, -at), to flame, burn, flicker.
flammande, flaming.
flarn (-et, --), chip.
flax|a (-ade, -at), to flutter, flicker.
flegma (-n), sluggishness, dullness, apathy.
fler, flera, more, several; others.
flertal (-et), number.
flick|a (-an, -or), girl, maiden, miss.
flik (-en, -ar), shred.
fling|a (-an, -or), flake.
flit (-en), diligence.
flitig, diligent, industrious.
flock (-en, -ar), flock, herd; crowd.
flod (-en, -er), flood; river, stream.
flor (-et, --), veil, screen.
Florez, Flores, a character in a medieval ballad.
fly (-dde, -tt), to flee, escape, fly; to disappear, pass.
flyende, passing, fugitive.
flyga (flg, flugit), to fly.
flykt (-en), flight.
flykt|a (-ade, -at), to flee, fly away.
flyktad, past, gone, over, done, vanished.
flyktig, flighty, fickle, flitting, transitory, vanishing, fleeting;
  light, casual, desultory; shiftless, transient.
flyktigt, lightly, casually, fitfully, airily.
flyta (flt, flutit), to flow, course.
flytt|a (-ade, -at), to move, remove, transfer.
flyttfg|el (-eln, -lar), migratory bird, bird of passage.
flck (-en, -ar), spot, blotch, blemish.
flck|as (-ades, -ats), to be spotted, defiled.
flkt (-en, -ar), breeze, breath.
flkt|a (-ade, -at), to fan, blow.
flmt|a (-ade, -at), to flicker.
flng (-et), bustle, hurry, scurry.
flrd (-en), vanity, frivolity.
flrdfull, vain, frivolous, giddy, ostentatious.
flt|a (-ade, -at), entwine, braid, intertwine.
fljt (-en, -er), flute.
fod|er (-ret), fodder, feed.
folk (-et, --), people, nation, race.
folkegen, peculiar to the people, characteristic of a nation,
  distinctive of a people.
folkhgskola (-an, -or), people's high school, a Swedish institution
  giving popular courses of instruction.
folkhgskolerrelse (-n, -r), activities of the people's high schools;
  people's high school movement.
folkkr, popular, dear to or cherished by the people.
folkliv (-et), life of the people.
Folkungatrdet, "The Tree of the Folkungs", a story of the Folkung line.
fontn (-en, -er), fountain.
for|a (-an, -or), wagon-load.
forden, forn, former, quondam.
fordom, formerly.
fordomdags, formerly, aforetime.
form (-en, -er), form, shape; mode, manner; character.
form|a (-ade, -at), to form.
form|el (-eln, -ler), formula.
formell, formal, relating to form.
formfullndning (-en), perfection of form, finish, perfection.
formsknhet (-en), beauty of form, grace.
forn|a (-e), former, ancient, of old, whilom;
  rarely forn.
fornnordisk, old Norse, early Scandinavian.
forntid (-en), antiquity, ancient time.
fornvrld (-en, -ar), ancient world.
fornldrig, ancient, old time, antiquated.
fors (-en, -ar), torrent, rapids, falls.
forskare (-n, --), seeker, searcher, investigator, student; one who
  makes researches; scholar, scientist.
forskargrning (-en, -ar), research; scholarly activity.
forskning (-en, -ar), research.
fort, fast, rapidly, quickly.
fort|stta (-satte, -satt), to continue, proceed, go on, advance;
  to prosecute.
fosforist (-en, -er), member of the Aurora Society; ultra-romanticist.
Fosforos, Phosphorus, light-bringer; morning star.
fost|er (-ret, --), creation, product, breed.
fosterbarn (-et, --), foster-child.
fosterjord (-en), native soil, native land.
fosterland (-et), native land, country.
fosterlndsk, patriotic, pertaining to the mother country.
fostr|a (-ade, -at), to foster, train, bring up, rear, nourish.
fostran, rearing, bringing up, education.
fot (foten, ftter), foot, base.
frack (-en, -ar), dress coat;
  i frack, in full dress.
fragment (-et, -- or -er), fragment.
fram, forth, on, forward, ahead, up, along.
fram|bjuda (-bjd, -bjudit), to offer; to serve.
fram|bra (-bar, -burit), to serve, furnish.
framfaren, past, elapsed.
framfr, before, ahead of;
  framfr allt, primarily, in the first place.
framfr|a (-de, -t), to present, introduce; to bring, carry forward.
framgng (-en, -ar), success, advancement.
fram|hlla (-hll, -hllit), to point out, present, state; to stress,
  accentuate.
framkall|a (-ade, -at), to call forth, produce.
framlev|a (-de, -at), to live; to pass (one's years, etc.)
fram|lgga (-lade, -lagt), to present, offer, bring out.
framom, before, in front (of), ahead (of).
framskjuten, prominent, conspicious.
framsorl|a (-ade, -at), to rush forth; to flow with a murmur.
framstupa, forward, prone, head first.
framstll|a (-de, -t), to present, offer.
framstllning (-en, -ar), presentation, treatment, depiction.
framtid (-en), future.
framtr|da (-dde, -tt), to appear.
framtrdande (-t, -n), appearance.
framtrdande, salient, conspicuous.
framt, forward, onward.
fransk, French.
franska (-n), French, the French language.
fras (-en, -er), phrase.
fred (-en), peace, quietude.
fredlig, peaceful, quiet, peaceable.
fri, free, at liberty, independent;
  fri frn, rid of.
fri|a (-ade, -at), to make free, release;
  commonly befria or frigra.
frid (-en), peace, calm, quietude.
fri|gra (-gjorde, -gjort), to liberate, make free, divorce;
  frigra sig, to break with, break away, depart (from).
frigrelsekamp (-en), fight for liberty, emancipation struggle.
frihet (-en, -er), freedom, liberty; leisure; pl., liberties.
frihetsentusiasm (-en), enthusiasm for liberty.
frihetsknsl|a (-an, -or), sense of freedom, liberal tendency.
frihetskrlek (-en), love of liberty.
frihetsstund (-en), hour of liberation.
frikadell (-en, -er), fricadelle.
frikn|na (-de, -t), to acquit, exonerate.
frisinnad, liberal.
frisk, fresh, pure, healthy, wholesome.
friskt, quickly, instantly.
fritimm|e, -a (-en, or -an, -ar), leisure hour, recess.
fritt, freely, at will.
frivol, frivolous.
from, kind, gentle, pious.
frostblomm|a (-an, -or), frost flower.
fru (-n, -ar), wife, spouse, madam, Mrs., Lady.
frukt (-en, -er), fruit, result.
frukt|a (-ade, -at), to fear.
fruktan, fear, apprehension.
frukttrdsvalv (-et, -en), vault or arch formed by the limbs of
  fruit trees.
frusande, gushing.
frusen, frozen.
frusta (-ade, -at), to snort.
fryntlig, genial, affable, hearty, jovial.
frg|a (-an, -or), question, problem, topic.
frg|a (-ade, -at), to ask, inquire, question.
frn, from, of; frn och med,
from and including.
frss|a (-ade, -at), to feast;
frssa i sin olycka, to brood over one's misfortune.
frck, insolent, arrogant, brazen, bold, audacious, shameless, daring.
frlst, saved, rescued, ransomed.
frmling (-en, -ar), stranger.
frmmad, foreign, strange.
frmmande, foreign, strange, unfamiliar; -- (-t), visitor, caller,
  stranger.
frmst, foremost.
frnde (-n, -r), kinsman, relative, friend.
frndskap (-en), kinship, relationship.
fr (-et, -n), seed.
frjd (-en, -er), joy, merriment, hilarity, glee, delight, pleasure.
frjd|a (-ade, -at), to rejoice; to give, impart joy; to give pleasure;
frjdas, frjda sig, to rejoice.
frjderop (-et, --), shout of joy.
frk|en (-nen, -nar), miss, young lady.
ful, homely, ugly, hideous.
fullbesatt, crowded.
fullblodig, full-blooded, thoroughbred.
fullbord|a (-ade, -at), to complete, finish, close, end.
fullkomn|a (-ade, -at), to complete, finish.
fullmogen, mature, ripe, fully ripe, fully developed.
fullstndigt, completely, perfectly, fully, thoroughly.
fullt, full, fully, complete, truly, thoroughly.
fullndning (-en), perfection.
fuml|a (-ade, -at) to fumble.
fur|a (-an, -or), fir; also fur (-en).
furstetaff|el (-eln, -lar), table of a prince, royal board.
furulund (-en, -ar, -er), fir or pine wood or grove.
furusnk|a (-an, -or), dell in the fir woods.
fylking (-en, -ar), troop, army division.
fylkingespets (-en), head or front of a troop.
fyll|a (-de, -t), to fill; to occupy; to replenish; to complete;
fylla opp (uppfylla), to fulfill, accomplish; fyllas (uppfyllas),
  to be fulfilled.
fyra, four.
fyrk (-en, -ar), doit, farthing, copper, penny; any coin of
  trifling value.
Fyrtio (fyratio, fyrti, colloq., frti), forty.
fyrtiofyra, forty-four.
f, few.
F (fick, ftt), may; to be permitted; to receive.
ffngt, vainly, in vain, uselessly.
fg|el (-eln, -lar), bird; Fgel Bl, "Bluebird".
fgelsng (-en, -er), bird song.
fglanste (-t, -n), bird's nest; usually fgelnste or fgelbo.
fl|e (-en, -ar), colt, horse.
fll|a (-an, -or), fold, pen.
fn (-et, --), fool, idiot, oaf, dolt.
fng|a (-ade, -at), to capture, snatch.
fng|e (-en, -ar), prisoner, captive.
fngen, imprisoned, confined.
fr (-et, --), sheep.
fr|a (-an, -or), furrow.
fvitsk, foolish, witless.
fdernejord (-en), native soil, fatherland.
fdernesland (-et), fatherland, native country.
fgring (-en), beauty, charm.
fll|a (-de, -t), to fell; to cause to fall; to betray; to convict;
  to cut or strike down; to shed; to charge (with weapons).
flt (-et, --), field, plain.
fngelse (-t, -r), prison.
fngelsedirektr (-en, -er), prison warden.
fngelsetorn (-et, --), prison tower.
fngsl|a (-ade, -at), to captivate.
frd (-en, -er), journey, travel, voyage, trip; race, course, career.
frdeminne (-t, -n), memory of travel, recollection from a journey.
frdig, ready, finished, completed; prepared.
frg (-en, -er), color, tint, shade.
frg|a (-ade, -at), to dye, color.
frg|as (-ades, -ats), to gain color, to become tinted, flushed.
frggld (-en), wealth of color, brilliancy of color.
frgrik, colorful, glowing, rich in color.
frsk, fresh.
fst|a (-ade, -at; -e, --), to attach, fasten, fix.
fste (-t, -n), fastening, hold; firmament; heavens; fastness.
fst|man (-mnnen, -mn), lover; one betrothed or affianced.
fd|a (-an), food, nourishment; living.
f|da (-dde, -tt), to bear; to give birth to; to feed, nourish.
f|das (-ddes, -tts), to be born.
fga, slightly, a little, little, hardly any.
flj|a (-de, -t), to follow, to succeed; to adhere to; to observe;
  to accompany; flja med, to go along; to accompany.
fljande, following, succeeding, next,
fljeslagersk|a (-an, -or), companion.
fnst|er (-ret, --), window.
fnsterkarm (-en, -ar), casement, window frame.
fr, for, of, during, as regards, relative to, before, in preference
    to; too; at, with, under;
  fr att, to, in order to.
fr|a (-de, -t), to bear, bring, convey, conduct, carry;
  fra ut (utfra), to carry out;
  fra ordet, to preside, dictate, dominate;
  fra till minnes, to recall; to bring to mind.
frakt (-et), contempt, disdain, scorn, dislike, disfavor, disregard,
  slight.
frandra (frndra), to change.
franle|da (-dde, -tt), to cause, bring about, occasion; to induce,
  move, lead.
frbarm|a (-ade, -at) sig, to have mercy; to take pity.
frbi, past, over, at an end; by.
frbindelse (-n, -r), connection.
frbindligt, obligingly, with complaisance, affably.
frbittrad, bitter, envenomed, enraged, embittered, wroth, exasperated.
frblekna (-ade, -at), to pale, fade, wither.
frblind|a (-ade, -at), to blind; to dazzle.
fr|bliva (-blev, -blivit), to remain.
frbluffande, astonishing.
frbl|da (-dde, -tt), to bleed to death; to expire.
frbrn|na (-de, -t), to burn up; to consume by fire.
frbund (-et, --), union, association, society, league.
frbyt|a (-te, -t), to change.
frdel|a (-ade, -at), to relieve, allay, dispel.
frdjup|a (-ade, -at), to deepen.
frdjupning (-en, -ar), deepening.
fr|draga (-drog, -dragit), to bear, tolerate.
frdubbl|a (-ade, -at), to double; to duplicate.
frdystr|a (-ade, -at), to darken, sadden; to throw a gloom over.
frdmd, accursed, damned.
fre, before, in advance, ahead of, in front of.
frebd|a (-ade, -at), to presage, foreshadow, predict.
fre|falla (-fll, -fallit), to appear, seem; to strike (one).
frelsare (-n, --), lecturer.
frelsning (-en, -ar), lecture.
fren|a (-ade, -at), to unite, join, combine.
frenad, frent, united.
Frenta staterna, the United States.
fre|st (-stod, -sttt), to be at hand; to approach, impend; to be
  imminent.
frestllningsstt (-et), view, viewpoint.
fre|taga (-tog, -tagit), to undertake, enter upon, engage in;
  to take (as a journey).
freteelse (-n, -r), phenomenon, sign.
fretr|da (-dde, -tt), to represent; to stand for.
fretrdare (-n, --), predecessor; representative.
fretrdesvis, preeminently, chiefly, primarily.
frfallna (frfalna), to wither.
frfaln|a (-ade, -at), to wither, wilt, fade; to be blighted;
  usually falna.
frfattare (-n, --), author, writer.
frfattarinn|a (-an, -or), authoress.
frfluten, past;
  det frflutna, the past.
frflytt|a (-ade, -at), to remove.
frfrus|en, frozen, chilled, deadened, cold, benumbed.
frfder, forefathers.
frfrlig, fearful, terrible, dreaded, dread.
frfljande, pursuing.
frgift|a (-ade, -at), to poison, infect.
frgrymmad, enraged.
frgyll|a (-de, -t), to gild; to embellish.
frgylld. gilded, gilt.
fr|gs (-gicks, -gtts), to be annihilated, destroyed.
frgnglig, transient, transitory, fleeting.
fr|gta (-gat, -gtit), to forget.
frgves, in vain.
frhoppning (-en, -ar), hope, expectation.
fr|hlla (-hll, -hllit), to withhold.
frhllande (-t, -n), circumstance, condition, situation.
frhrd|a (-ade, -at), to harden.
frkastad, rejected, despised, condemned.
frklar|a (-ade, -at), to explain, make clear, elucidate.
frklarad, transfigured, glorified.
frklaring (-en, -ar), transfiguration, glorification; declaration,
  explanation, interpretation.
frkunn|a (-ade, -at), to proclaim, make known; to preach.
frliden, last, past.
frljuv|a (-ade, -at), to sweeten; to brighten; to soothe.
frlor|a (-ade, -at), to lose;
  frlora sig, to be lost, of no avail, ineffective.
frloss|a (-ade, -at), to redeem; to liberate.
frlovning (-en, -ar), engagement, betrothal.
frlust (-en, -er), loss.
fr|lta (-lt, -ltit), to forgive.
frlgen, embarrassed, nonplussed, puzzled.
frln|a (-ade, -at, or -te, -t), to give, grant, bestow; endow, invest.
frlng|a (-de, -t), to lengthen, extend; to draw out.
fr|m (-dde, -tt), to be able; to be equal to.
frmg|a (-an, -or), ability, power.
frnek|a (-ade, -at), to deny.
fr|nimma (-nam, -nummit), to be aware of; to notice; to experience,
  sense, know, learn.
frnuft (-et, --), reason, intelligence, intellect.
frnuftsdyrkan, worship of reason, rationalism.
frny|a (-ade, -at), to renew;
  frnya sig, to recur, repeat itself.
frnm, prominent, distinguished; cultured, refined; dainty;
  aristocratic.
frnmst, most prominent, foremost, chief, supreme; chiefly, notably,
  above all.
frnmligast, chiefly, mainly, in the first place, primarily.
frnj|a (-de, -t), to please, entertain, charm.
frnjd, satisfied, contented.
frr, formerly, before, heretofore, erstwhile, aforetime, once;
  sooner, rather.
fr|rinna (-rann, runnit), to run out; to pass.
frrost|a (-ade, -at),> to rust; to corrode.
frruttnelse (-n), corruption, rottenness, decomposition.
frrtt|a (-ade, -at), to officiate at; to perform.
frsak|a (-ade, -at), to forego, do without, resign; to deny oneself
  something; to renounce.
frsaml|a (-ade, -at), to assemble, gather, collect.
frsamling (-en, -ar), congregation, assemblage, gathering; parish.
frseelse (-n, -r), offense, crime, fault, error, blunder, mistake.
frsiktig, careful, cautious, prudent, wary.
frsin|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to run dry; to dry out, give out;
  commonly utsina.
frskaff|a (-ade, -at), to obtain, secure;
  frskaffa sig, to provide oneself with.
frskrck|a (-te, -t), to frighten, alarm, terrify, shock.
frskn|a (-ade, -at), to beautify.
frslagen, clever, alert, inventive, resourceful.
frsliten, worn out, weary and worn.
frsl|a (-ade, -at), to dull, blunt, weaken.
frsm (-dde, -tt), to despise, ignore, disregard.
frsmkt|a (-ade, -at), to languish, pine; to droop, wither.
frsmlt, blended, mingled, welded.
frson|a (-ade, -at or -t), to reconcile.
frst, first, foremost, primary; at first; not until;
  frst nu, not until now, now for the first time.
frstorad, enlarged.
frstrdd, distracted, absent-minded.
frstrelse (-n, -r), diversion, pastime, amusement, recreation.
frstulen, secret, hidden; furtive, stealthy, sly.
frstumm|as (-ades, -ats), to grow mute, silent; to be silenced.
fr|st (-stod, -sttt), to understand, comprehend.
frstende, intelligently, understandingly.
frstnd (-et), intellect, understanding, reason, intelligence,
    comprehension;
  krysta frstndet, to cudgel or beat one's brains.
frstndig, intelligent, wise, intellectual.
frstndsmssig, intellectual; matter-of-fact; in accord with common
  sense.
frstndsmssighet (-en), intellectualism.
frstr|a (-de, -t), to destroy, despoil, annihilate,
frstrd, ravaged, ruined.
frsumlig, negligent, careless, thoughtless, remiss, forgetful.
frsvag|a (-ade, -at), to weaken; to grow dim.
frsvar (-et, --), defense, protection.
frsvr|a (-ade, -at), to defend, protect; to merit.
fr|svinna (-svann, -svunnit), to disappear; to pass over, by,
  out of sight.
frsyn (-en), providence, destiny, fate.
frsynt, considerate.
frsynthet (-en), considerateness, consideration, discretion,
  circumspection.
frsnk|a (-te, -t), to sink; to steep.
frsk (-et, --), effort, attempt, trial.
frsk|a (-te, -t), to try, attempt, endeavor, seek.
fr|tiga (-teg, -tegat), to keep secret; to maintain silence about.
frtjus|a (-te, -t), to fascinate, charm.
frtjusare (-n, --), charmer, enchanter.
frtjusning (-en), delight, rapture, infatuation, enchantment,
  fascination.
frtjust, delighted, enchanted, enraptured.
frtjn|a (-te, -t or -ade, -at), to deserve; to be worthy of;
  to merit, earn.
frtjnst (-en, -er), merit, worth, excellence, deserts.
frtjnstfull, meritorious, excellent, deserving, worthy.
frtrogen, acquainted, familiar.
frtrolig, intimate, thorough, confidential.
frtrollning (-en), enchantment, charm, fascination, witchery.
frtryck (-et), oppression, tyranny.
frtryck|a (-te, -t), to oppress, tyrannize.
fr|tryta (-trt, -trutit), to provoke, aggravate, irritate, offend,
  anger.
frtrfflig, excellent, capital, splendid, choice.
frtrffligt, admirably, splendidly.
frtrstan, confidence, trust.
frtvivlan, despair.
frtyck|a (-te, -t), to begrudge, take amiss.
fr|tlja (-tljde, -tljt; -tlde, -tlt), to tell, narrate.
frtr|a (-de, -t), to consume, devour, absorb.
frtrd, consumed, spent.
frtt|as (-ades, -ts), to be condensed; to grow dense.
frunderlig, wondrous, miraculous.
frutan, without, except; lacking.
frvandl|a (-ade, -at), to change, alter, transform.
frvandling (-en, -ar), change, tranformation, alteration,
  metamorphosis, mutation.
frvildad, wild, brutalized, savage.
frvill|a (-ade, -at), to bewilder; to lead astray.
frvisningsdom (-en, -ar), verdict of exile, deportation.
frvissnad, withered, blighted.
frvisso, assuredly, certainly, undoubtedly.
frvuxen, overgrown, rank, degenerate.
frvnd, wrong, fallacious, erroneous; perverse, irrational.
frvrv|a (-ade, -at), to earn;
  frvrva sig, to earn.
fryngr|as (-ades, -ats), to grow young; to be rejuvenated.
frldrar, parents.
frlsk|a (-ade, -at) sig, to fall in love; to be enamored.
frlskad, enamored, smitten.
frndr|a (-ade, -at), to change, alter, transmute.
fr|da (-dde, -tt), to lay waste, despoil, devastate, ravage,
  ruin; to squander.

G.

gack (g), go.
gagn (-et), use, utility.
gagnls, useless, vain, unprofitable, idle.
gala (gol, galit), to crow.
galaklder, festive garb.
gammal, old, aged, ancient, venerable.
gammaldags, old-fashioned.
gammalsvensk, old Swedish.
gamman, mirth, glee, merriment.
ganska, very, quite, rather.
garde (-t, -n), guard.
garnering (-en, -ar), trimming, passementerie; ruffle.
gat|a (-an, -or), street, avenue.
Gautjod, poetic name for Sweden.
gav|el (-eln, -lar), gable.
ge (gaf, gett), short form of giva, to give.
gemak (-et, --), apartment.
gemen, common, mean, ordinary, lowly, abject.
gemensam, common, general.
genast, instantly, at once.
general (-en, -er), general.
gengld (-en), return, compensation.
geni|us (-en, -er), genius, spirit.
genknsl|a (-an, -or), response, sympathy, reciprocation.
genljud (-et, --), echo.
gen|ljuda (-ljd, -ljudit), to resound, echo.
genom, through, by, throughout; by means of.
genom|bryta (-brt, -brutit), to break through; to overcome.
genom|g (-gick, -gtt), to go through; to pass, traverse.
genomvandr|a (-ade, -at), to pass through, traverse.
gensgelse (-n, -r), contradiction.
gent, straight, directly.
gentemot, over against, as against; in contradiction to; opposite to.
gestalt (-en, -er), figure, form, shape; apparition.
gestaltningskraft (-en, -er), creative power.
get (-en, -ter), goat; in sg. esp., she-goat.
gift (-et, -er), poison.
gifterml (-et, --), marriage.
gig|a (-an, -or), harp.
gille (-t, -n), guild, society, club, union.
girig, greedy; eager; prompt.
giss|a (-ade, -at), to guess.
giss|el (-let, --), scourge, lash.
gisselslag (-et, --), stroke of the lash or scourge.
gissl|a (-ade, -at), to lash, flog, scourge.
giva (gav, givit), or ge (gav, gett), to give;
  det r givet, that is  certain, admitted; undoubtedly.
gjuta (gt, gjutit), to pour; to shed; to mold.
glad, glad, merry, joyous, delighted, delightful, happy, pleased.
gladlynt, beaming, benign, in pleasant mood.
glans (-en), brilliancy, brightness, splendor.
glasyr (-en, -er), glaze, glazing.
glatt, gladly, joyfully.
glimm|a (-ade, -at), to gleam.
glimt|a (-ade, -at), to glint, flash.
glindr|a (-ade, -at), to glitter.
glitt|er (-ret), glitter, glamor, show, display; tinsel.
glittr|a (-ade, -at), to glitter, gleam.
glittrande, glittering, gleaming, shining.
glmig, glassy, dim, misty, sallow, wan.
gldja (gladde, glatt, glatt), to gladden, please, delight;
  gldja sig, to rejoice, exult; to be delighted.
gldjas (gladdes, glatts), to rejoice.
gldje (-n), joy, gladness, delight.
gldjeskrud (-en, -ar), robes of joy, garb of pleasure.
gldjetr (-en, -ar), tear of joy.
glnsande, shining, lustrous, brilliant, illustrious.
glttig, merry, glad, jovial, mirthful.
gld (-en, -er), glow.
gl|da (-dde, -tt), to glow,
glm|ma (-de, -t), to forget, ignore; to omit, neglect.
glmsk, forgetful.
glmska (-n), oblivion.
gnist|a (-an, -or), spark.
gnistr|a (-ade, -at), to twinkle, sparkle.
gnistrande, sparkling.
gny (-dde, -tt), to moan.
gngg|a (-ade, -at), to whinny, neigh.
gnll (-et), whine.
god, good, kind, fair, sound, hearty, sweet, favorable, easy,
  comfortable.
goddag  or god dag, good morning, how do you do? A form of address
  at meeting, not at parting (as, good day).
godhet (-en), goodness, kindness, mercy.
godo; komma till godo, to benefit.
gods (-et, --), goods, property;
  gods och guld, wealth.
golv (-et, --), floor.
goss|e (-en, -ar), boy, lad.
gossebarm (-en, -ar), youthful breast.
gosselynne (-t, -n), youthful spirits, boyish disposition.
gossekar|a (-an, -or), crowd or concourse of boys.
got (-en, -er), Goth.
gotisk, Gothic.
gott (god), good, well.
grad (-en, -er), degree, grade.
gran (-en, -ar), pine.
grand (-et, --), particle, whit, bit, iota.
grann, pretty, handsome.
granne (-en, -ar), neighbor.
grannfolk (-et, --), neighboring nation.
grannglsmamsell (-en, -er), young lady of the neighborhood.
grannskap (-et, --), neighborhood, vicinity.
granskning (en, -ar), review, examination.
grant, clearly, distinctly.
grantopp (-en, -ar), top of the pine.
gratie (-n, -r), grace, pl., Graces.
gratuler|a (-ade, -at), to congratulate, felicitate.
grav (-en, -ar), grave, tomb.
gravvalv (-et, --), funeral vault, vaulted tomb, mausoleum.
grekisk, Greek, Grecian.
grekiska (-n), Greek language, Greek.
Grekland, Greece.
gren (-en, -ar), branch, limb.
grev|e (-en, -ar), count.
grevinn|a (-an, -or), countess.
grevlig, belonging to a count or countess.
grevskap (-et, --), county; shire, earldom;
  used by Lenngren, like herrskap, for count and countess.
grift (-en, -er), grave, tomb.
grind (-en, -ar), gate.
gripa (grep, gripit), to seize; to overwhelm;
  gripa till, to begin.
gro (-dde, -tt), to grow.
grop (-en, -ar), pit, hole, cavity, cave.
grov, coarse, rough, rugged, husky, robust.
grubbl|a (-ade, -at), to brood over; to ruminate on; to puzzle over.
gruml|a (-ade, -at), to muddle, muddy; to soil, becloud, dim, obscure.
grund (-en, -er), ground; basis, foundation; principle; bottom, depth;
    soil;
  i grunden, at bottom, fundamentally;
  p grund av, on account of, owing to, in consequence of.
grundlighet, thoroughness, depth, profundity.
grundlggare (-n, --), founder, pioneer, originator.
grundritning (-en, -ar), ground plan, sketch.
grundton (-en, -er), dominant note.
grus (-et), dust, debris, rubbish, gravel.
grus|a (-ade, -at), to destroy, devastate, ruin.
gruv|a (-an, -or), mine.
gruvlig, fearful, terrible, dire, dreadful.
gry (-dde, -tt), to dawn, rise.
grym, brutal.
grymt, brutally, harshly.
gryning (-en, rarely -ar), dawn, dawning.
gryt|a (-an, -or), pot.
grhrad, gray-haired.
grn|a (-ade, -at), to turn gray.
grt (-en), weeping, crying, tears, grief, lamentation.
grta (grt, grtit), to weep, lament, cry; to shed tears.
grtgd, tearful, lachrymose.
grl (-et, --), quarrel, strife.
grnd (-en, -er), alley, court.
grns (-en, -er), limit, boundary, bounds.
grnsls, boundless, illimitable, extreme.
grs (-et, --), grass.
grv|a (-de, -t), to dig, delve.
grd|a (-an, -or), crop, harvest.
grn, green, verdant.
Grndal, Greendale.
grnkldd, garbed in green, verdant.
grnmantlad, green-mantled, attired in green.
grnska (-ade, -at), to grow or turn green; to become covered with
  verdure.
grnskande, growing or turning green; shading into green.
gubb|e (-en, -ar), old man.
gud (-en, -ar), god, idol;
  o gudar, ye gods.
Gud (-en), God.
gudaberg (-et, --), mount of the gods.
gudadans (-en, -ar, -er), dance of the gods.
gudaord (-et, --), word of God, divine word.
gudastam (-men), godlike race, race of gods.
gudasnd, sent by God, heavenly, supernal.
gudingiven, inspired, divine.
gudlshet (-en), godlessness, wickedness, irreverence, impiety.
gudom (-en), godhead; God, divinity.
gudomlig, godlike, divine.
gudomlighet (-en, -er), godhead, divinity.
Gudsmoder (-n), Mother of God, Holy Mother.
guitarr (-en, -er), guitar;
  also gitarr.
gul, yellow; sallow, faded.
guld (-et), gold.
guldgrund (-en), golden background.
guldmoln (-en, --), golden clouds.
guldsmidd, gold-mounted, gold-beaten.
guldtrd (-en, -ar), gold cord.
gull (-et), gold, treasure.
gullgul, golden.
gullhrig, golden-haired.
gullvingad, golden-winged.
gulnad, faded, yellowed by age.
gumm|a (-an, -or), old woman, old lady.
gung|a (-ade, -at), to rock; to stir, agitate; to toss; to wave,
  undulate.
gunst (-en), favor, grace, good will, kindness, benefit, boon.
gunstling (-en, -ar), favorite.
Gustav, Gustav, Gustave, Gustavus.
gustaviad (-en, -er), Gustaviad, heroic poem on any of the Gustavian
  kings.
gustaviansk, Gustavian, with specific reference to the time of Gustavus
  III. of Sweden.
gustavisk, Gustavian.
gyckelbild (-en, -er), illusion.
gyllene, gyllne, golden.
g (gick, gtt), to go, walk; to run;
  g an, to be permissible;
  det gr an, it will do, it will pass, very well;
  det gr, it works, it can be done.
gl (-n), yard, lawn; farmhouse;
  colloq. for grd.
gng (-en, -er), time;
  en gng, some time, once, once on a time;
  p en gng, at one time, simultaneously;
  en och annan gng, now and then.
gng (-en), gait, pace; walk; movements;
  gngar, walks, paths.
gngjrn (-en, --), hinge.
gr;
  i gr, yesterday;
  i gr afton, last evening, night.
grd (-en, -ar), farmhouse, farm, homestead, manse, manor, grange;
  yard, lawn.
gs (-en, gss), goose.
gt|a (-an, -or), riddle.
gtfullhet (-en), mystery.
gv|a (-an, -or), gift, present; talent, accomplishment; blessing.
gck (-en, -ar), fool.
gck|a (-ade, -at), to deceive, delude, mock, elude; to baffle,
  defeat, disappoint, thwart, fool.
gll|a (-de, -t), to mean; to amount to; to be in force; to be valid;
  to pass for; to be a question of.
gngse, common, usual, traditional, accepted, customary.
  (Archaic form corresponding to gende, going, and gngbar, passing
  current.)
grna, fain, lief, willingly, well, gladly, readily.
gst (-en, -er), guest, stranger, visitor, sojourner.
g|da (-dde, -tt), to feed, fatten, batten; to glut (oneself).
gm|ma (-de, -t), to hide, conceal; to contain.
gra (gjorde, gjort), to do, make, accomplish, cause; to form.
Gran, George.
groml (-en, --), employment, work, duties, business.
gt (pret. of gjuta), shed, poured.
Gteborg, Gothenburg.
gtisk, Gothic.
Gtiska frbundet, the Gothic Society.

H.

ha, ah, aha.
hackelse (-t), chopped straw, chaff.
Hades, Hades, the lower regions.
hag|e (-en, -ar), enclosure, pasture.
hagtorn (-en), hawthorn.
hak|a (-an, -or), chin.
halk|a (-an, -or), slippery place, icy slope.
hall (-en, -ar), rock, slab, crag;
  commonly hll.
halm (-en), straw.
hals (-en, -ar), neck, throat.
halt|a (-ade, -at), to halt, limp.
halvsagd, half uttered, half pronounced.
halvlten, half-eaten, partly consumed.
ham, hamn (-en, -ar), phantom, ghost, wraith, specter.
hamn (-en, -ar), haven, port; retreat.
hamr|a (-ade, -at), to hammer, pound, strike, beat.
han, he.
hand (handen, hnder), hand;
  poet., hndren for hnderna;
  efter hand, by degrees;
  till handa or hands, at hand, present;
  p egen hand, on one's own account.
handel (-n), commerce, trade, business.
handelstidning (-en, -ar), mercantile journal.
handfull, handful.
handgriplig, tangible.
handl|a (-ade, -at), to act; to strive,
handling (-en, -ar), document, paper; act, action.
han|e (-en, -ar), cock, rooster; male.
hans, his.
hantering (-en, -ar), handling, manipulation.
hantverks|man (-mannen, -mn), artisan, workman.
har|e (-en, -ar), hare, rabbit.
harjakt (-en, -er), rabbit hunt.
harm (-en), anger, mortification, indignation, vexation; injury, peril.
harmoni (-en, -er), harmony.
harp|a (-an, -or), harp.
haschischrk  (-en), hashish smoke, fumes.
hast, haste, hurry, rapidity;
  i hast, i en hast, suddenly, of a sudden, in haste;
  med hast, quickly, hastily.
hast|a (-ade, -at), to hasten, hurry.
hastig, rapid, quick, sudden.
hastigt, suddenly, at once, rapidly.
hat (-et), hate, hatred.
hatt (-en, -ar), hat.
hav (-et, --), sea, ocean, main.
hava (hade, haft), to have, own, possess.
hed (-en, -ar), heath, field.
heder (-n), honor, glory.
hedersdag (-en, -ar), day of honor.
hedersmg (-en, -ar), favorite son-in-law.
hel, whole, entire, all; i det stora hela, taken altogether,
  in the aggregate.
hel|a (-ade, -at), to heal, cure, remedy; to make whole.
helg|a (-ade, -at), to consecrate, sanctify, dedicate.
helgad, sacred, sanctified, consecrated, dedicated, devoted.
helgdagskjort|el (-eln, -lar), holiday dress, festive garb.
helgedom (-en, -ar), sanctuary.
helgemlsringning (-en), vesper bells just preceding Sunday or
  other church holiday.
helgsml, vespers before a holiday.
helig, holy, sacred;
  def., heliga or helga.
helikonsk, of Helicon, the mountain of Apollo and the Muses.
hell, hail.
hellen (-en, -er), Grecian.
heller, either;
  ej heller, neither, nor.
hellre, rather.
helst, preferably, especially, rather.
helt, wholly, entirely, fully, totally, quite; rather; very;
  helt visst, certainly, doubtless;
  helt och hllet, altogether, wholly, perfectly, totally;
  helt skert, helt visst, very likely, most certainly.
hem (-met, --), home, house.
hembygd (-en, -er), native place; environments of one's birthplace.
hemfrd (-en, -er), return home; journey or voyage homeward.
hemfr|a (-de, -t), to bring home.
hemgrd (-en, -ar), homestead.
hem|komma (-kom, -kommit), to come home; to return (home).
hemland (-et), home land, native country.
hemlig, secret, hidden, surreptitious.
hemligt, unawares, unbeknown.
hemlighet (-en, -er), secret.
hemlighetsfull, mysterious.
hemlighetsfullhet (-en), secrecy, mysteriousness.
hemliv (-et), home life, domestic life, family life.
hemsk, grim, ghastly, weird, dismal, grewsome, awful, horrible;
  horrified.
hemskt, horribly, grimly, awfully.
hemtrevlig, homelike, homely, cozy.
hemt, homeward.
hem (-n), native isle.
henne, her.
hennes, her, hers.
Henrik, Henry.
Herakles, Hercules, Heracles.
herd|e (-en, -ar), shepherd, herdsman;
  lover (in pastoral poetry).
herdekvde (-t, -n), pastoral.
herdinn|a (-an, -or), shepherdess;
  lady love (in pastoral and idyllic poetry).
Hercules, Herkules, Hercules.
herr, mister, sir.
herravlde (-t), sovereignty, rule, sway, dominion.
herr|e (-en, -ar), master, gentleman, lord.
herre|man (-mannen, -mn), gentleman, lord.
Herren (Herran), the Lord.
herrskap (-et, -- or -er), couple, as, lord and lady, Mr. and Mrs.;
  a party of ladies and gentlemen.
Herta, poet., Earth, Terra.
Hesperien,  Hesperia,  The Western Land; esp. Italy,
het, hot.
heta (hette, hetat), to be named;
  jag heter, my name is;
  det heter, it is said.
hetta (-n), heat.
himlabarn (-et, --), child of heaven.
himlaboren, heaven-born; of divine origin.
himlaburen, heaven-born, divine, sublime.
himlafrd (-en, -er), poet., heavenly course, orbit; commonly, ascension.
himlaljus (-et, --), heavenly light.
him|mel (-meln, -melen, or -len, -lar), heaven, sky.
himmelsbl, sky-blue, heavenly blue.
himmelsk, heavenly, divine, supernal.
hind|er (-ret, --), obstacle, hindrance, barrier.
hindr|a (-ade, -at), to hinder, prevent.
hingst (-en, -ar), stallion.
hinna (hann, hunnit), to reach; to acquire; to overtake; to have time;
  to gain, arrive at.
hinsidan, on the other side, beyond.
histori|a (-en, -er), history, story;
  pl., stories, tales;
  fig., nonsense.
historieskrivare (-n, --), historian.
historieverk (-et, --), historical work.
hit, hither, here.
hitt|a (-ade, -at), to find;
  hitta p, to stumble upon; to devise, discover.
hittebarn (-et, --), foundling, orphan.
hittills, hitherto.
hjon (-et, --), helpmate; inmate, servant.
hjord (-en, -ar), herd, flock.
hjul (-et), wheel.
hjlp|a (-te, -t; halp, hulpit), to help, aid, assist.
hjlpls, helpless.
hjlte (-en, -ar), hero.
hjltedikt (-en, -er), heroic poem.
hjltegestalt (-en, -er), heroic figure, hero.
hjlteliv (-et), life of a hero, heroism.
hjltesag|a (-an, -or), tale of a hero or of heroism, story of
  achievement.
hjltesjl (-en, -ar), heroic soul.
hjltestam (-men), race of heroes.
hjrn|a (-an, -or), brain, mind.
hjrta (-t, -n), heart, soul, mind, spirit; breast, bosom.
hjrtanskr, darling, sweetheart, beloved.
hjrtblad (-et, --), seed leaf; cotyledon.
hjrtelag (-et), heart, disposition, mood, mind, nature.
hjrtinnerlig, extremely cordial.
hjrtlig, hearty, cordial, sincere, heartfelt.
hjrtligt, heartily, cordially.
hjrtsjukdom (-en), affliction of the heart, heart disease.
hjss|a (-an, -or), crown, head, summit.
ho, who; archaic for vem, vilken.
hollndare (-n, --), Hollander, Dutchman.
Homer, Homeros, Homer.
hon, she.
honom, him.
hop (-en, -ar), number, assemblage, multitude, crowd; heap, pile,
  lot, herd.
hopp (-et), hope, expectation.
hopp (-et, --), leap, jump.
hopp|a (-ade, -at), to leap, jump, gambol, hop.
hoppfull, hopeful, trustful, reliant.
hoppls, hopeless.
horn (-et, --), horn; drinking horn.
hos, with, in, at, beside.
hosianna(h), hosanna.
hospital (-et, --), asylum, hospital.
hot (-et), threat, peril, menace.
hotande, threatening, forbidding.
hotfull, threatening.
hov (-et, --), court.
hov (-en, -ar), hoof.
hovliv (-et), court life.
hov|man (-mannen, -mn), courtier.
hug (-en), mind, intent.
hugn|a (-ade, -at), to cheer, comfort, gratify; to hearten.
huld, dear, faithful, loyal, sweet, gracious, kind;
  hult, fondly, tenderly.
huldr|a (-an, -or), fairy.
huldrem (-n, -r), fairy.
huldrik, gracious, merciful.
humanistisk, humanistic.
humanitet (-en), humanity, humaneness.
huml|a (-an, -or), bumblebee.
humor (-n), humor.
hundbo (-et, -n), kennel;
  commonly, hundkoja.
hundra (-det, -- or -den), (one) hundred.
hundramilad, of a hundred or hundreds of miles.
hundratusen, a hundred thousand.
hundrarig, centenary, century-old.
hunger (-n), hunger.
hungrig, hungry, starved.
hur, huru, how.
hurr|a (-ade, -at), to cheer, hurrah.
hurtig, merry, jolly, bright, chipper; smart, brisk; active, hearty,
  alert, cheerful.
hus (-et, --), house, building, structure; family.
husbondfolk (-et), people of the household.
husmanskost (-en), common food, homely fare.
hustru (-n, -r), wife.
huvud (-et, -- or -en), head.
huvudsakligast, chiefly, principally.
huvudsakligen, chiefly, principally.
huvud|stad (-staden, -stder), capital city, capital.
huvudstadsliv (-et), metropolitan life; life in a capital.
huvudstycke (-t, -n), chief thing; main subject, topic, article.
hy (-n), complexion.
hyacint (-en, -er), hyacinth.
hydd|a (-an, -or), hut, cottage, cot, dwelling.
hyll|a (-ade, -at), to pay homage to; to honor, hail; to recognize.
hyllning (-en, -ar), homage, tribute.
hyllningsgrd (-en, -er), homage, tribute of respect.
hyls|a (-an, -or), sheath, hull, pod.
hymn (-en, -er), hymn, air.
hys|a (-te, -t), to contain; to house, shelter; to entertain.
h, oh;
  h ja, oh well.
hg (-en), mind, disposition; inclination.
hlgd, hollow-eyed.
hll (-et, --), direction, quarter.
hlla (hll, hllit), to hold, keep, retain; to contain; to stand;
    to confine; to have;
  hlla sig vid, to abide by;
  hlla tal, to make an address;
  hlla upp, to hold on; to stop, cease.
hn (-et), scorn, mockery, sneer.
hn|a (-ade, -at), to mock, scorn;
  hnad, disgraced, inglorious.
hnfull, sneering, scornful.
hr (-et, --), hair.
hrd, hard, cruel, harsh; severe; furious.
hrpung (-en, -ar), a net for confining the hair.
hrstr (-et, -n), hair.
hck (-en, -ar), hedge.
hdan, hence, away.
hdangngen, departed, deceased.
hftig, vehement, violent, sudden.
hftighet (-en), vehemence, violence, impetuosity.
hgn (-et), shelter, protection, cover.
hgn|a (-ade, -at), to shelter, protect.
hlft (-en, -er), half;
  till hlften, half, partly.
hll (-en, -ar), rock, ledge.
hlsa (-n), health; strength.
hls|a (-ade, -at), to hail, greet; to bear greeting;
  var hlsad, all hail, we greet thee.
hlsobgar|e, -bgar (-en, -e), beaker of health.
hlsodryck (-en, -er), wholesome beverage, elixir.
hlsosam, wholesome, salubrious, healthful, healthy.
hmm|a (-ade, -at), to check, confine, stem, suppress; to interfere
  with; to obstruct, retard, restrain, repress.
hmmande, interfering, obstructive, repressive, restraining, retarding.
hmnare (-n, --), avenger.
hmn|as (-ades, -ats), to take revenge, to avenge; to repay (evil);
  also hmna sig.
hmnd (-en), vengeance, revenge.
hmt|a (-ade, -at), to gather, derive; fetch, bring.
hn, away, off;
  ge sig hn, to yield oneself.
hn|da (-de, -t), to happen, occur, come to pass.
hnfrd, enraptured, ecstatic, charmed, carried away; transcendent.
hnfrelse (-n), exaltation, enthusiasm.
hng|a (-de, -t), to hang.
hnryck|a (-te, -t), to enrapture, enchant, entrance.
hnryckt, enchanted, enraptured, entranced, carried away, in ecstasy.
hnseende (-t, -n), respect;
  i or med hnseende till, with respect to.
hpen, astounded, shocked, astonished.
hpn|a (-ade, -at), to be astonished, surprised, shocked.
hr (-en, -ar), army, host.
hr, here.
hrd (-en, -ar), hearth, fireside; forge.
hrefter, hereafter, from now on.
hrfr, for this, of this.
hrj|a (-ade, -at), to waste, devastate, lay waste, ravage.
hrlig, glorious, grand, magnificent, sublime.
hrm|a (-ade, -at), to mock; to copy, imitate.
hrnad (-en), warfare;
  i hrnad, (up) in arms.
hrsk|a (-ade, -at), to rule, reign, dominate, govern.
hrskande, ruling, prevailing, governing, predominant.
hrskar|a (-an, -or), host.
hrskare (-n, --), ruler, monarch.
hrskarvilj|a (-an, -or), sovereign will, will of the autocrat.
hrstamm|a (-ade, -at), to be descended; to derive one's origin;
  (of things), to be handed down.
hrvid, here, at this, at that.
hrver, over this (matter), on this account, owing to this fact,
  on this subject.
hst (-en, -ar), horse;
  till hst, on horseback, mounted;
  stiga till hst, to mount.
htt|a (-an, -or), cowl, hood.
hv|a (-de or hov, -t), to heave; to raise; to hurl, throw.
hvd (-en, -er), record, annals, history.
hvd|a (-ade, -at), to vindicate, assert, support, enforce.
hvdande (-t), maintenance, conservation, perpetuation; assertion.
hvdatecknare (-n, --), historian, annalist, chronicler.
hvdateckning (-en), historical writing.
hx|a (-an, -or), witch, vixen.
h (-et), hay.
hg, high, lofty; tall, stately, lordly.
hgbarmad, full-bosomed.
hgboren, highborn, noble.
hghet (-en, -er), highness, loftiness.
hgmod (-et), pride, haughtiness.
hgmlsbrott (-et, --), treason, lese majesty.
hgskol|a (-an, -or), college.
hgste (-t, -n), high seat, seat of honor.
hgt, high, aloft, high up.
hgtid (-en, -er), festival, solemn occasion, festal day.
hgtidlighet (-en, -er), solemnity; solemn occasion, festivity.
hgtidsklder (no sg.), holiday attire.
hgtidssus (-et), solemn murmur.
hgtstrlande, effulgent.
hj|a (-de, -t), to raise, elevate; to hold aloft.
hjd (-en, -er), height, excelence; hill, eminence;
  p sin hjd, at most.
hjdpunkt (-en, -er), acme, highest point.
hlass (-et, --), load of hay.
hlj|a (-de, -t), to cover, conceal; to heap upon, overwhelm.
hns (-et, --), chicken.
hrja (-de, -t), to hear, listen, hark; to learn; to listen to; to obey.
hr|a (-de, -t), to belong;
  hra till, to belong to; to be part of; to be a member of.
hrn (-et, --), corner, quarters.
hst (-en, -ar), fall, autumn, harvest.
hstkvll, hstekvll (-en, -ar), autumnal evening.
hstlig, autumnal.
hsttermin (-en, -er), fall term.
hstrusk (-et), raw autumn weather, autumnal drizzle.
hststorm (-en, -ar), autumnal storm.
hstvind (-en, -ar), autumn wind.
htapp (-en, -ar), whisk of hay.
hva (-n), need;
  ver hvan, needlessly, to excess, more than what is right.
hv|as (-des, -ts), to be proper, fit; to befit; to be in order.
hvding (-en, -ar), chieftain.
hvisk, courteous, respectful.

I.

i, in, into, to, at, of.
I, you, ye.
iakttagelsefrmga (-n), sense of observation.
ibland, among, in, of; sometimes.
icke, not.
Idavallen, Norse mythol., the field or realm where dwelt the gods
  in primeval bliss.
id (-en or -n, -er), idea.
ideal (-et, --), ideal, ideals.
iddiktare (-n, --), idealistic poet.
idel, all, nothing but; purely.
idelig, repeated, renewed, incessant, continuous.
idkare (-n, --), devotee, practitioner; artisan, craftsman.
idrottsvning (-en, -ar), athletic sport.
idyll (-en, -er), idyl; idyllic condition, charm or surroundings.
idyllisk, idyllic.
igen, again, back; left.
igenom (genom), throughout, through.
igr, yesterday.
ihjl, to death;
  sl ihjl, to kill, slay.
ihg|komma (-kom, -kommit), to remember, bear in mind, recall, recognize.
il (-en, -ar), gust, blast, rush (of wind).
il|a (-ade, -at), to pass rapidly; to hasten, hurry, rush, dash.
ilbud (-et, --), courier.
illa, bad, badly, ill, disagreeably, horribly, detestably;
  lta illa, to sound bad; to make an ugly, frightful or hideous noise;
  bla illa, to bellow dreadfully;
  ta illa (upp), to take amiss.
immig, vapory, misty.
in, in;
  in i or ini, into, inside, within.
inbillning (-en, -ar), imagination, fancy.
inbrytande (-t), advent.
inbrn|na (-de, -t), to impress, brand.
indisk, Indian, Hindu.
individuell, individual, personal.
indrktig, remunerative, lucrative, well paid, high-salaried.
in|falla (-fll, -fallit), to fall within.
inflytande (-t, -n), influence.
inflytt|a (-ade, -at), to immigrate; to move in.
informator (-n, -er), private teacher, tutor.
informatorsbefattning (-en, -ar), tutorship.
informatorsplats (-en, -er), tutorship, situation as private teacher.
infr|a (-de, -t), to introduce, bring in.
ingalunda, not, not at all, by no means.
ingen, no, no one, none.
ingendera, neither.
ingenjr (-en, -er), civil engineer.
ingenting (ingen ting), nothing, nought.
ingrediens (-en, -er), ingredient.
in|g (-gick, -gtt), to enter, go in.
inhemsk, domestic.
inle|da (-dde, -tt), to open, begin, start; to introduce; to head.
inledningssng (-en, -er), introductory song.
inlndsk, domestic, national.
innan (innanfr), inside.
innan, before.
inne, in, at hand, here.
inne|hava (-hade, -haft), to own, possess (property); to administer,
  hold (office).
innehll (-et), contents.
innehllslshet (-en), emptiness, lack of contents.
innerlig, intimate, cordial; deep; ardent, fervent, sincere; intense.
innerlighet (-en), sincerity, ardor, fervor, intensity, intimacy.
innerst, innermost; within, inwardly.
inre, inner, interior, mental.
inrikes, domestic.
insats (-en, -er), contribution, share, stake.
insiktsfull, discerning, intelligent.
in|skriva (-skrev, -skrivit), to enroll, register;
  inskriva sig, to have oneself enrolled.
inskrnk|a (-te, -t), to limit; to confine.
in|taga (-tog, -tagit), to take, assume; to occupy.
intagande, captivating, pleasing.
intendent (-en, -er), director; commissioner.
intet, nothing, no, not.
intill, unto, until, up to.
intim, intimate, thorough, close.
intresse (-t, -n), interest.
intresserad, interested.
intryck (-et, --), impression, influence.
intr|da (-dde, -tt), to enter.
inunder, under, beneath.
inuti, within, inside.
inval (-et, --), election.
inveckl|a (-ade, -at), to involve, entangle, bewilder; to wrap, enclose.
in|vlja (-valde, -valt), to elect; to admit to membership.
irr|a (-ade, -at), to roam, wander.
is (-en, -ar), ice.
isgr, icy gray.
islndsk, Icelandic.
isoler|a (-ade, -at), to isolate; to shut in, off; to seclude, segregate.
Italien, Italy.
Ithaka, Ithaca, Ionian island; also its main city.
itu, in two, to pieces, apart.

J.

ja, yes, ay, yea.
jag, I;
  jaget, the ego, self,
  min lilla jag, my dear little self.
jag|a (-ade, -at), to chase, hunt; to drive.
Jakob, Jacob, James.
januari, January.
jo, yes, aye, yea;
  jo jo, indeed, sure enough.
Johan, John.
jollrande, babbling, chattering, prattling.
Jonte, Johnny.
jord (-en, -ar), earth, globe, world; soil, sod.
jordfst|a (-ade, -at; -e, --), to bury, inter.
jordfstning (-en, -ar), interment.
jordgubb|e (-en, -ar), strawberry.
jordisk, earthly, mundane, worldly.
ju, why, well, indeed, certainly, of course, as you know.
jub|el (-let), jubilee, exultation, rejoicing.
jubeldag (-en, -ar), day of jubilee, day of triumph.
Jubeltal (-et, --), jubilee address.
jublande, jubilant.
Juda, Judah, the Jewish nation.
judeslkt (-en, -er), Jewish family.
juletyst, quiet as at Christmas.
julsng (-en, -er), Christmas song or carol.
jungfru (-n, -r), maiden, young woman; maid; virgin;
  Jungfru Maria, the Virgin Mary.
juridisk, juridical, pertaining to law or jurisprudence.
just, just.
juvelskrin (-et, --), jewelry box, box of jewels.
jgare (-n, --), huntsman.
jmnstlldhet (-en), equality, parity.
jmk|a (-ade, -at), to level, smooth, adjust, arrange.
jmn, level, even, smooth.
jmnad, leveled, razed, overthrown.
jmnan; fr jmnan, constantly, all the time.
jmnmtt (-et, --), even measure, average pace.
jmvl, also, furthermore.
jnk (-et), adjustment, arrangement, tucking, pressing, (cf. jmka).
jnt|a (-an, -or), lass.
jrn (-et, --), iron; fetters, chains.
jrnbruk (-et, --), iron works.
jrnhrd, rigid, hard as steel.
jrnmngd, mixed with iron, ore-bearing.
jrnvg (-en, -ar), railway.
jsande, fermenting, foaming.
jtt|e (-en, -ar), giant.
Jns, Johnny, Jeems.
Jran, George.

K.

kaffe (-t), coffee.
kaftan (-en, -er), caftan; clergyman's gown or frock.
kainsmrke (-t, -n), mark of Cain, stigma of sin or crime.
kal, barren.
kalas (-et, -- or -er), dinner party, feast, spread, party, banquet.
kalkon (-en, -er), turkey.
kall (-et, --), calling, office, profession.
kall, cold, frigid, cool, chilly.
kalla (-ade, -at), to call, name; to appoint;
  kalla ned, nedkalla, to invoke.
kallna (-ade, -at), to cool, grow cold.
Kalmar, Calmar.
kalv (-en, -ar), calf.
kam (-men, -mar), ridge, crest.
kam|mare (-maren, -rar or --), chamber, room.
kammarkollegi|um (-et, -er), land revenue department.
kamp (-en), fight, battle, combat, struggle, strife; contest, match;
  debate, discussion; controversy.
kamrat (-en, -er), comrade, fellow, playmate, chum; associate.
kamrerare (-n, --), or kamrer (-en, -er), accountant, cashier, clerk.
kanhnda, perhaps, possibly, perchance.
kann|a (-an, -or), tankard.
kanske, perhaps, perchance, possibly, maybe.
kanslird (-et, --), secretary (in the chancery department or other
  government office).
kant (-en, -er), border, quarter, direction, rim.
kant|a (-ade, -at), to line, edge.
kaos, chaos.
kapitl (-en, -er), capital, letter, initial; commonly capital
  (of column, pillar).
kaplan (-en, -er), chaplain, ordinary.
karakteristisk, characteristic.
karbin (-en, -er), carbine.
karl (-en, -n, -ar), man.
Karl, Charles, Carl;
  Karlar the Charleses.
Karl XII, Charles XII.
Karlstadstidningen, The Karlstad News.
Karo, common name for a dog, as Rover, Fido, etc.
karolin (-en, -er), Carolinian, spec., soldier of Charles XII., veteran
  of the army of Charles XII.
Karon, Charon, mythological ferryman of the river Styx.
kast|a (-ade, -at), to throw; to pitch or roll (in games).
katt (-en, -er), cat.
kedjad, chained, fettered.
Kerameikos, Cerameicus, the Potters' Quarter in Athens.
kerub (-en, -er), cherub, angel.
kid (-et, --), kid.
Kimon, Cimon, Athenian commander.
kind (-en, -er), cheek.
kinesisk, Chinese.
kist|a (-an, -or), casket, coffin.
kist(e)lock (-et, --), coffin lid, cover of casket.
kiv (-et, --), wrangle, quarrel.
kiv|a (-ade, -at), to quarrel; to quibble, wrangle;
  commonly kivas.
kjol (-en, -ar), skirt, gown, flounces.
kjort|el (-eln, -lar), kirtle, skirt, robe, gown.
klag|a (-ade, -at), to complain, lament, grumble;
  klaga an (anklaga), to accuse.
klagan, complaint, lamentation, plaint.
klagande, plaintive, pitiful.
klandr|a (-ade, -at), to censure, reproach, blame, condemn, denounce,
  criticise; to complain of; to find fault with.
klang (-en, -ar), ring, sound, tone, peal, tinkle.
klangdag (-en, -ar), gala day; pl. palmy days.
klangfull, ringing, resonant, melodious, musical, sonorous.
klapp|a (-ade, -at), to strike together; to pat; to beat, throb;
  klappa i hnderna, to applaud.
klappande (-t), clapping (of hands), applause, patter, rapping.
klar, clear, bright.
Klara, St. Clara church or parish.
klarhet (-en, -er), clearness, lucidity.
klarn|a (-ade, -at), to clear, grow clear; to brighten.
klas|e (-en, -ar), cluster.
klassicitet (-en), classicism.
klassisk, classical.
klent (-et, --), butter cooky, a crisp cooky shaped in a form and
  fried in lard.
klimat (-et, -- or -er), climate, clime.
kling|a (-ade, -at), to sound, ring, jingle, tinkle, chink.
klipp|a (-an, -or), rock, crag, cliff.
klock|a (-an, -or), clock, time-piece; bell.
klok, sane, wise.
klokskap (-en), wisdom, prudence.
klost|er (-ret, --), convent, cloister, monastery.
klostercell (-en, -er), convent chamber.
klosterglugg (-en, -ar), convent wicket; aperture or loophole in
  a convent wall.
klot (-et, --), globe, ball, orb.
klubb (-en, -ar), club.
klyft|a (-an, -or), chasm, cleft.
klck|a (-te, -t), to hatch.
kl|da (-dde, -tt), to clothe, array, dress, garb; to cover.
kldd, dressed, clothed.
klde (-t, -n), cloth.
klden (klderna), garments.
kldnad (-en, -er), clothing, raiment, garb.
klnningsstycke (-t, -n), piece of dress goods.
klver (-n), clover.
klverng|a (-an, -or), scent of clover.
knall (-en, -ar), crash, crack, clap, peal; report.
knapp, meager, sparse, brief.
knappast, scarcely, hardly, barely.
knarr|a (-ade, -at), to creak; to make a grating or jarring sound.
knarrig, crabbed, grumpy, gruff, crusty.
kniv (-en, -ar), knife, carving knife.
knopp (-en, -ar), bud.
knopp|as (-ades, -ats), to bud.
knoppningstid (-en, -er), budding time.
knot (-et), rage, wrath; murmur.
knyst|a (-ade, -at or knyste, knyst), to make a sound; to say a word;
  to grumble.
knyta (knt, knutit), to tie, bind; to pledge;
  knyta bekantskap, to form acquaintance.
kn (-et, -n), knee, lap.
knck|a (-te, -t), to crack, snap, break.
knckepil (-en, -ar), a species of willow.
ko (-n, -r), cow.
kodex (-en), codex, code.
koj|a (-an, -or), cot, cottage, hut.
kokvett (-et), knowledge of cooking.
kolera (-n), cholera.
kolleg|a (-an, -er), colleague; fellow, compeer.
kolonn (-en, -er), column.
kolonnad (-en, -er), colonnade.
komma (kom, kommit), to come; to happen; to arrive, appear; to cause.
kompani (-et, -er), company, party, consorts.
komplimenter|a (-ade, -at), to pay compliments (to).
kompositr (-en, -er), composer.
konsekvens (-en, -er), consequence; consistency.
konservativ, conservative.
konst (-en, -er), art, skill, fine art.
konstfull, artistic, skillful.
konstfrfaren, skillful, expert.
konsthandel (-n), art store.
konsthistori|a (-en), history of art.
konstls, artless, simple, natural, plain.
konstnr (-en, -er), artist.
konstnrlig, artistic.
konstnrsstudi|um (-et, -er), study of art, spec. in pl., studies for
  an artist's career.
konung (-en, -ar), king.
konungabarn (-et, --), child of the king.
konungapar (-et, --), Their Royal Majesties; the king and queen;
  the royal pair.
konungastol (-en, -ar), royal throne.
koppar (-n), copper.
kopp|el (-let, --), leash.
kor|a (-ade, -at), to choose, select.
korg (-en, -ar), basket.
kornbl, blue as a cornflower.
korndrllsduk (-en, -ar), diapered table cloth of dotted pattern.
korporation (-en, -er), organization, association.
kors (-et, --), cross; as expletive, heavens, my, gracious, mercy, zounds;
  kors och tvrs, criss-cross, this way and that.
kors|as (-ades, -ats), to be crossed.
korsett (-en, -er), corset; an outer garment resembling a corset.
korsfararsag|a (-an, -or), tale or legend of the Crusaders.
korslagd, crossed.
kort, short, brief; shortly, briefly;
  inom kort, soon, shortly.
korv (-en, -ar), sausage.
korybantisk, Corybantic, pertaining to or like the orgiastic rites and
  revels of the priests of Cybele.
kos|a (-an, -or), course, way.
kost|a (-ade, -at), to cost.
kraft (-en, -er), force, power.
kraftig, strong, lusty, powerful, forcible; substantial, pithy, marrowy.
kraftknsl|a (-an, -or), consciousness of power.
kraftdande, enervating, debilitating, demoralizing, exhausting.
krag|e (-en, -ar), collar, neckband.
krams (-et, --), little of everything, what not;
  commonly krimskrams.
krans (-en, -ar), wreath, garland.
krans|a (-ade, -at), to wreathe; to deck with flowers; to encircle.
kras (-et), crash; a crackling or crunching sound;
  i kras, to pieces; in or to fragments, atoms, flinders, smithereens.
krav (-et, --), craving, urge.
krax|a (-ade, -at), to caw.
kreatur (-et, --), creature; collective, nature.
Kresus, Krsus, Croesus;
  Kreser, sons of Croesus.
krets (-en, -ar), circle; society, environment;
  blnande krets, blue vault or arch.
krig (-et, --), war, warfare.
krigande, warring, warlike.
krigarhymn (-en, -er), war song, martial air.
krigsakademi (-en, -n, -er), military academy.
kring, about, around, in.
kris (-en, -er), crisis.
kristallren, pure as crystal; crystalline.
kristen (kristna), Christian.
kristlig, Christian.
Kristus, Christ.
kritik (-en), criticism.
kritisk, critical.
krokig, crooked.
kron|a (-an, -or), crown; top, apex, summit.
kronofogdekontor (-et, --), office of high-bailiff.
kronprins (-en, -ar), crown prince.
kropp (-en, -ar), body.
kross|a (-ade, -at), to crush.
krubb|a (-an, -or), manger.
kruk|a (-an, -or), pot, pitcher, jar.
krumm|a (-ade, -at), to caper, strut, gambol, frisk; to cut capers; (of
  horses) to curvet; modern form, krma sig, lit., to arch one's neck.
krus (-et), strained courtesy, ceremony;
  buga och krusa, to bow and scrape.
krydd|a (-ade, -at), to season, spice.
kryddad, spicy, aromatic.
krypa (krp, krupit), to creep, crawl; to hide, sneak.
kryst|a (-ade, -at; -t, --), to strain, squeeze.
krng|el (-let), trouble, difficulty; quibbling; circumstance.
krft|a (-an), cancer.
krmare (-n, --), merchant, merchantman.
krnk|a (-te, -t), to violate, infringe, break.
krk|a (-te, -t), to bend, bow;
  krkt, bent, stooping,
krn|a (-te, -t), to crown; to cap.
kulen, chilly, cool.
kull|a (-an, -or), girl, lass, esp. a girl of the province of Dalarna,
  Sweden.
kull|e (-en, -ar), mound, hill, barrow.
kultur (-en, -er), culture.
kulturhistori|a (-en), history of civilization.
kulturhistorisk, pertaining to the history of culture.
kulturstrm (-men, -mar), culture, (lit., stream or flood of culture);
  drift of civilization.
kum|mel (-let, --), burial mound, cairn.
kung (-en, -ar), king; king pin (in a game of bowling).
kungaborg (-en, -ar), royal palace.
kunga|stad (-staden, -stder), royal city, capital.
kungastol (-en, -ar), throne, royal seat.
kunglig, royal.
kungssorg (-en), national mourning; a nation in mourning.
kunna (kunde, kunnat), to be able (to); to know how (to); to know.
kunskapstrst (-en), thirst for knowledge.
kupol (-en, -er), cupola, dome.
kurs (-en, -er), course.
kust (-en, -er), coast, shore.
kval (-et, --), agony, pang, torment, throes, anguish, sufferings.
kvalmig, stifling, suffocating, close, stuffy.
kvantitet (-en, -er), quantity.
kvar, remaining, left.
kvarn (-en, -ar), mill, water wheel; toy mill wheel.
kvick, witty, brilliant.
kvickhet (-en, -er), wit, brilliancy, jest, witticism.
kvi|da (-dde, -dit), to complain, lament; to whimper, wail.
kvidan, moaning.
kvig|a (-an, -or), heifer.
kvinn|a (-an, -or), woman, female.
kvinnlig, womanly, feminine.
kvinnoand|e (-en, -ar), womanly spirit; woman's soul.
kvist (-en, -ar), twig, branch, limb; knot (in wood).
kvitt, rid of, free from.
kvitt|er (-ret), chirp, twitter.
kvittr|a (-ade, -at), to twitter, chirp.
kv|da (-dde, -tt), to sing; to praise.
kvde (-t, -n), song, ditty, poem.
kvll (-en, -ar), evening.
kvll|a (-de, -t), to well up, burst forth, spring forth.
kvllsdimm|a (-an, -or), evening fog, mist of twilight.
kvllsus (-et), vesper murmur, soughing of the evening breeze.
kvlltung, drowsy, hazy.
kvv|a (-de, -t), to stifle, suffocate; to muffle, subdue; to control;
  to thwart.
kyckling (-en, -ar), chicken, spring chicken.
kylig, cool, chilly; frigid, refreshing.
kyll|er (-ret, --), buff jerkin, leather jerkin.
kyrkglugg (-en, -ar), aperture in church belfry.
kyrkherrgrd (-en, -ar), parsonage.
kyrkogrd (-en, -ar), churchyard, cemetery.
kyrkoherd|e (-en, -ar), rector, parson.
kyrk(o)torn (-et, --), church steeple.
kyss (-en, -ar), kiss.
kyss|a (-te, -t), to kiss.
kl (-en), cabbage, kale.
kp|a (-an, -or), cloak.
ksr (-en, -er), causerie Writer, writer of literary chat.
kck, bright, lively, spirited; gallant; brisk.
kckhet (-en), boldness, dash, intrepidity, audacity.
kgelspel (-et, --), game of bowling or tenpins.
kll|a (-an, -or), spring, well, source, fountain.
kllarstug|a (-an, -or), inn, tavern, taproom.
kmp|a (-ade, -at), to fight, battle, struggle.
kmp|e (-en, -ar), warrior, hero; champion.
knd, known, familiar, acquainted, notable.
kn|na (-de, -t), to feel; to know, be acquainted or familiar with;
  to experience; to be conscious of.
knneteckn|a (ade, -at), to characterize, mark, distinguish.
knning (-en, -ar), experience, feeling.
knsl|a (-an, -or), feeling, sentiment, sensation, sense.
knslig, sensitive.
knslogld (-en), warmth of feeling.
knsloliv (-et), inner life, soul life, sentiments.
knslostmning (-en, -ar), strain of sentiment.
knsloutbrott (-et, --), sentimentality, effusiveness.
kpp (-en, -ar), cane, walking-stick, cudgel, rod.
kr, dear, beloved, enamored.
krlek (-en), love, infatuation; charity; passion.
krleksdomnad, grown faint or silent with love.
krleksfull, loving, affectionate, tender.
krleks|natt (-natten, -ntter), night of love.
krlekssag|a (-an, -or), love story, love affair, affair of the heart.
krleksvis|a (-an, -or), love song.
krlighet (-en), fondness, affection, love, tenderness, amorousness.
krn|a (-an, -or), kernel, pit, meat.
krv|e (-en, -ar), sheaf.
krvhet (-en), ruggedness, austerity.
kk (-et, --), kitchen.
kld (-en), coldness, frigidity, cold, coolness.
kn (-et, --), sex; tribe, kind.
kp (-et, --), purchase;
  till p kpet, in addition, in the bargain, to boot; furthermore.
kp|a (-te, -t), to buy, purchase, barter.
kr (-en, -er), chorus; choir.
kr|a (-de, -t), to drive.

L.

lack|a (-ade, -at), to drip;
  lacka hn, to drop off; to draw nigh.
lad|a (-an, -or), barn.
laddning (-en, -ar), lading, cargo.
lad(u)grdsdrr (-en, -ar), barn door.
lag (-en, -ar), law, rule, statute.
lag (-et, --), company, party, set, circle, crowd.
lag|er (-ern, -rar), laurel, laurel wreath.
lagerlund (-en, -ar, -er), laurel grove.
lag|man (-mannen, -mn), lawman, counselor for the people.
lagrad, laureled.
lamm (-et, --), lamb.
lamp|a (-an, -or), lamp.
land (-et, -- or lnder), country, land.
land|a (-ade, -at), to land; to alight, settle.
landgng (-en, -ar), landing;
  usually landstigning in verbal sense.
landsflykt (-en), exile.
landskap (-et, --), landscape; region.
landsmanskap (-et), compatriotism; spec., fellowship in the matter of
  being born in the same province.
landsort (-en), country.
landsvg (-en, -ar), public highway, country road.
lans (-en, -ar), lance.
lantbruksakademi (-en, -er), Academy of Agriculture, agricultural
  institute.
lantlig, rural, rustic.
lantstlle (-t, -n), country place.
lantvrn (-et, --), militia, national guard.
larm (-et), roar, din, noise.
larmtrumm|a (-an, -or), signal drum.
larv (-en, -er), mask, phantom, ghost, ghoul.
lass (-et, --), load.
last (-en, -er), vice; load, burden, cargo.
last|a (-ade, -at), to blame, charge, accuse, find fault with; to load,
  burden.
latinsk, Latin.
le (log, lett), to smile, beam.
led (-en, -er), road, path.
led (-et, -er or --), rank; generation; joint, member.
le|da (-dde, -tt), to lead, direct; to bring, to derive; to trace.
ledig, unoccupied, vacant; off duty, free; easy;
  lediga stunder, leisure moments or hours, leisure time.
ledsn|a (-ade, -at), to grow weary, tired; to be saddened.
ledsven (-nen, -ner), guide.
legion (-en, -er), legion.
lejon (-et, --), lion.
lejonman (-en, -ar), lion's mane.
lek (-en, -ar), play, game, pastime, sport.
lek|a (-te, -t), to play, gambol, sport, make merry.
lekande, merry, jolly, joyful, playful.
lekar|e (-en, --), player, musician.
lekbror, playmate, comrade.
lekkamrat (-en, -er), playmate.
lem (-men, -mar), limb.
ler (-et), ler|a (-an, -or), clay.
let|a (-ade, -at), to search, seek; to hunt for;
  leta sig vg, to find one's way.
Lethe, Lethe, mythological river.
Leukas (Leukadia), Leucadia.
lev|a (-de, -t), to live; to exist;
  leva upp, to revive.
levande, living, live, alive, animate;
  allt levande, all living things.
levnad (-en), life, career.
levnadsbeslut (-et), resolution of life.
levnadsdag (-en, -ar), life, span of life, temporal life.
levnadstrtt, weary of life, degenerate.
li|a, li|e (-an, -en, -ar), scythe.
liberal, liberal.
liberalism (-en), liberalism.
licentiatexam|en (-en, -ina), university examination for the degree
  preceding the doctoral degree.
lid (-en, -er), slope, hillside, incline.
lida (led, lidit), to suffer, endure; to tolerate.
lida (led, lidit), to pass.
lidande (-t, -n), suffering, affliction, pain.
lidelse (-n, -r), passion, fervor.
lidelsefull, impassioned, inflammable.
li|e (-en, -ar), scythe;
  poet., lia.
ligga (lg, legat), to lie; to be situated.
lik (-et, --), corpse, dead body.
lika, as, so, just as, just so, like, similar, identical, alike, equal;
  lika gott, no matter; very well, well and good; well, never mind;
  lika litet, as little; no more.
likafullt, nevertheless.
likas, so also; just as.
lik|e (-en, -ar), like, peer, equal.
likgiltig, indifferent.
liklukt (-en), smell of the mortuary, pestiferous air.
likn|a (-ade, -at), to be like; to resemble; to liken, compare.
liksom, like, as, just as;
  liksom ock, as also, just like.
likstrdd, covered with corpses.
liktg (-et, --), funeral procession.
likvl, likavl, yet, however, though, nevertheless, notwithstanding.
lilj|a (-an, -or), lily.
liljeklock|a (-an, -or), lily bell, lily cap or chalice.
lilla, little.
lind (-en, -ar), linden, basswood tree.
lindansarmd|a (-an, -or), acrobatics.
lindr|a (-ade, -at), to soothe, relieve, assuage, alleviate; to lighten.
lindrig, gentle, moderate, temperate, lenient, balmy.
lindring (-en), relief, alleviation, solace, comfort, abatement.
lingonlindad, entwined with whortleberry leaves.
linjerenhet (-en), clearness of outline or contour.
linne (-t, -n), linen.
list (-en), deception, stealth, treachery, artifice, trick, device,
  cunning, guile, stratagem.
litani (litania), litany.
litani|a (-an, -or), litany.
litet, little, a little.
litteratur (-en), literature.
litteraturanmlare (-n, --), literary reviewer.
litteraturforskare (-n, --), scholar; literary critic.
litteraturhistori|a (-en, -er), history of literature.
litterr, literary.
liv (-et, --), life, lifetime; soul.
liv|a (-ade, -at), to enliven.
livegenskap (-en), bondage, servitude.
livlig, lively, alive, animated, lifelike, vivid; enthusiastic;
  livligt, vividly.
livsberusning (-en), quality of being infatuated with life; lit.,
  life-intoxication.
livserfarenhet (-en, -er), experience of life.
livsgldje (-n), joy of life.
livskraft (-en, -er), vital force, vitality, energy.
livstrd (-en, -ar), thread of life.
livsskdning (-en, -ar), view of life, conception of life.
ljud (-et, --), sound.
ljuda (ljd, ljudit), to sound, ring.
ljudande, sounding, ringing, sonorous.
ljudharmoni (-en, -er), harmony of sounds.
ljudls, noiseless, silent.
ljuga (ljg, ljugit), to lie, fib.
ljummande, growing warm.
ljungbevuxen, overgrown with heather, heathery.
ljus (-et, --), light; candle.
ljus, light, bright, brilliant; fair.
ljusbl, light blue.
ljusn|a (-ade, -at), to brighten, grow light.
ljusnande, brightening, growing light, dawning.
ljussken (-et, --), gleam of light, light, candle light.
ljuv, sweet, delightful, blissful, beautiful; tender, soft.
ljuvlig, delightful, charming, sweet.
lock (-en, -ar), lock, tresses, hair.
lock (-et, --), lid, cover.
lock|a (-ade, -at), to induce, entice, lure, tempt, persuade; call,
  beckon.
lod (-et, --), bullet, ball.
loft (-et, --), loft; hall;
  hga loft, lofty halls.
lopp (-et, --), course, way; career; journey (of life).
loss|a (-ade, -at), to release, set free; to loosen.
lott (-en, -er), lot, share, portion;
  draga, kasta lott, to draw lot; to cast the die.
lov (-et), permission.
lov|a (-ade, -at), to promise.
lov|a (-ade, -at), to praise, extol.
Lovisa, Louise.
lovsng (-en, -er), song or hymn of praise.
Lucifer, Lucifer, light-bringer.
luck|a (-an, -or), opening; trapdoor.
luden, shaggy, hairy.
luft (-en), air, atmosphere, wind.
luftig, airy, aerial.
luftsprng (-et, --), airy leap.
lugn (-et), quiet, tranquillity, peace of mind.
lugn|a (-ade, -at), to pacify, appease; to soothe; to satisfy.
lukt (-en), smell, scent, odor.
lumpenhet (-en), sordidness, meanness, paltriness.
lund (-en, -ar or -er), grove.
lungsjukdom (-en, -ar), disease of the lungs, consumption.
lunk (-en), slow trot, jog.
lunk|a (-ade, -at), to jog along; to trot.
lur (-en, -ar), horn, speaking trumpet, trumpet.
lurande, lurking.
lust (-en), pleasure, joy; passion; enjoyment.
lusteld (-en, -ar), bonfire.
lustgrd (-en, -ar), paradise, Eden.
lustig, pleasant, merry, jolly, lusty.
lustvandr|a (-ade, -at), to rove, saunter; to stroll (for pleasure);
  to wander idly.
lut (-en), lye (solved in water).
lut|a (-an, -or), lute.
lut|a (-ade, -at), to bend, lean;
  luta sig, to stoop, lean, bend.
lux (L.), light.
lyck|a (-an), luck, fortune, blessing;
  till all lycka, fortunately.
lyck|as (-ades, -ats), to succeed; to turn out well; to be fortunate.
lycklig, happy, fortunate, blissful, blessed.
lyckosam, fortunate.
lycksalighet (-en), bliss, happiness, perfect bliss.
ly|da (-dde, -tt), to obey; to bow to, accede to; to follow; to observe.
lydig, obedient.
lydnad (-en), obedience, subordination.
lyft|a (-ade, -at; lyfte, lyft), to lift, raise, elevate.
lykt|a (-ade, -at), to end, finish, close.
lynne (-t, -n), mood, temperament.
lynnesdrag (-et, --), characteristic, mark of character.
lyr|a (-an, -or), lyre.
lyr|a (-an, -or), fly (in the game of ball).
lyrik (-en), lyrics, lyric poetry.
lyriker (-n, --), lyric poet, lyrist.
lyrisk, lyrical.
lys|a (-te, -t), to shine, beam, blaze, glow; to make a display.
lysande, brilliant, illustrious.
lyss (lyssna), listen.
lyssn|a (-ade, -at), to listen, pay attention, hearken.
lyssnande, listening, alert, attentive.
lg, low, base, mean, inferior, deep.
lg|a, lg|e (-an, -en, -or), flame, fire, blaze.
lg|a (-ade, -at), to flame, sparkle; to burn.
ln (-et, --), loan, gift.
ln|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to lend, borrow.
lng, long.
lngkoft, lngkoft|a (-an, -or), long jacket, basque, sacque;
  a garment worn over the gown.
lngsam, slow.
lngt, far;
  lngt ifrn, far away, from afar.
lngvarig, long, abiding, enduring, lasting.
lnt (lnad), borrowed, produced, copied.
ls (-et, --; -en, -ar), lock, latch.
lt (-en, -ar), tone, sound.
lta (lt, ltit), to let, permit, allow; to have (some one do);
  to cause (something to be done).
lcker, delicious, appetizing.
ld|er (-ret, --), leather.
lg|er (-ret, --), camp, group, circle.
lgerbl (-et, --), campfire.
lgga (lade, lagt), to lay, put, place;
  lgga av, to put off, discard;
  lgga i dagen (dagalgga), to show, reveal, disclose, display;
  lgga fr, to serve at table.
lggning (-en), disposition, nature, temperament.
lgre, lower, meaner, lesser.
lkedom, lkdom (-en), cure, healing, remedy.
lmn|a (-ade, -at), to leave; to depart from; to give.
ln|da (-de, -t), poet., to go, wend.
lnge, long, for a long time.
lngesedan, long ago.
lngesen, long ago; since far back, for a long time past.
lngre, longer, further.
lngs, along, alongside of.
lngst, longest, farthest.
lngt|a (-ade, -at), to long, yearn; to desire ardently.
lngtan, longing, yearning.
lngtanstid (-en, -er), time of longing.
lpp (-en, -ar), lip.
lr|a (-an, -or), doctrine, teaching.
lr|a (-de, -t), to learn; to teach, instruct.
lrare (-n, --), instructor, teacher, tutor.
lrd, learned, taught, educated; classical.
lrd, savant, man of learning.
lrdom (-en, -ar), learning, scholarship; knowledge.
lrk|a (-an, -or), lark.
lrksng (-en, -er), song of the lark.
lrodikt (-en, -er), didactic poem.
lrospn, achievement, first trial or experience.
lrostrid (-en, -er), doctrinal controversy.
ls|a (-te, -t), to read; to study; to pursue studies.
lsare (-n, --), reader.
lslig, plain, legible.
lslust (-en), taste for reading.
lspande (-t), lisp, lisping.
lte (-t, -n), sound, note; noise (esp. disagreeable).
ltt, light, easy; airy.
lttja (-n), ease, languor, idleness, indolence.
lttro (lttrogenhet), credulity, gullibility.
lx|a (-an, -or), lesson.
lddrig, foaming.
lfte (-t, -n), promise, pledge.
lftesrik, promising, rich in promise.
lgn (-en, -er), lie, falsehood, untruth.
lje (-t, -n), smile, laughter, merriment; derision; pleasantry,
  amusement.
ljlig, laughable, ridiculous, foolish, comical, droll, ludicrous.
lmsk, insidious, treacherous.
ln (-en, -er), reward, pay, wages.
lnande, paying, remunerative.
ln|as (-ades, -ats), to be paid, compensated.
lnn (-en, -ar), maple.
lp|a (-te, -t; lopp, lupit), to run, scurry, hurry.
ls, loose;
  elden r ls, there is a fire.
ls|a (-te, -t), to loosen; to dissolve, sever; to remove;
  lsa upp, opp, to dissolve, change, transform.
lsskummad, skimmed off.
lv (-et, --), leaf, foliage.
lvig, leafy.
lvsal (-en, -ar), arbor, bower.

M.

mager, lean, gaunt, ill-fed, thin; meager, slender, dry, spare.
magiskt, magical, as by magic, mysteriously.
magisterpromotion (-en, -er), conferring of doctors' degrees, laureation.
maj, May.
majestt (-et), majesty, grandeur;
  pl. majestter, used of persons only, as, deras mjestater,
  Their Royal Majesties.
majflt (-et, --), flowery field.
majsflt (-et, --), cornfield.
majsky (-n, -ar), cloud of spring.
mak (-et, --), room, quarters, apartment;
  usually gemak.
mak|e, mak|a (-en, -an, -ar), mate, spouse; husband; wife.
makt (-en, -er), power, might, force.
malm (-en, -er), ore, metal.
malmklang (-en), metallic ring.
man (-nen, mn or --, poet. mnner), man, male.
man (-en, -ar), mane.
man, one, you, they, people, a person.
man|a (-ade, -at), to prompt, summon; to advise, notify, warn.
mandelblom (-men, coll. pl.), almond blossom.
mandelblomm|a (-an, -or), almond flower.
mandeldoft (-en, -et, -er), scent of almonds.
mangrant, generally, fully represented, one and all.
maning (-en, -ar), exhortation, challenge, summons.
manlig, manly, heroic, bold, brave, strong.
manlighet (-en), manliness.
manligt, manly, firmly, bravely, powerfully.
mant|el (-eln, -lar), mantle.
manuskript (-et, --), manuscript.
Maraton, Marathon.
Maria, Mary.
Marjo, old form of Maria, Mary.
mark (-en, -er), ground, field.
marmor (-n), marble.
marmorsval, cool as marble.
marskvll (-en, -ar), March evening.
mask (-en, -ar), worm.
maskinrum (-met, --), machine room.
mass|a (-an, -or), mass, quantity; multitude, populace.
mat (-en), food, viands.
mat|a (-ade, -at), to feed.
materi|a (-en), matter.
mat|mor, mat|moder (-modern, -mdrar), mistress, matron.
matron|a (-an, -or), matron.
matt, faint, weak, feeble, dull.
matt|a (-ade, -at), to dull; to weaken; to enfeeble.
mattgr, dull gray, drab.
med, with, by, by means of, for; along, present;
  frn och med, from and including;
  med mera, and so forth, abbrev. m.m., etc.;
  med och mot, for and against.
medan, while.
medarbetare (-n, --), co-worker; contributor or associate editor.
medarbetersk|a (-an, -or), (female) co-worker, associate, assistant.
medborgerlig, civil, civic.
meddel|a (-ade, -at), to quote, reproduce; to give, offer.
med|el (-let, --), means, factor, instrument, remedy.
medelpunkt (-en), central point, center.
medeltid (-en), the Middle Ages.
medfdd, inborn, innate.
medfr|a (-de, -t), to entail, involve; to carry with (it).
medgng (-en), fortune, success, prosperity; luck.
medknsl|a (-an, -or), sympathy, compassion.
medlem (-men, -mar), member.
medredaktr (-en, -er), associate editor.
medveten, conscious.
medvetsls, unconscious, insensible.
melankolisk, melancholy, gloomy, brooding, moody.
mellan (emellan), between, among.
melodi (-en, -er), melody, strain.
melodisk, melodious.
men, but, yet, nevertheless.
men|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to mean, think; to say.
menighet (-en, -er), people, commonalty.
mening (-en, -ar), meaning, sense, import, interpretation; opinion,
  tenet, teaching, theory; sentence.
meningsfrnde (-n, -r), adherent, follower, sympathizer; one of a number
  holding identical views.
meningsls, vague, meaningless, senseless, worthless, insignificant.
menlshet (-en), innocence.
mer, mera, more; again; another; longer; else.
mest, most, mostly; almost.
mestadels, mostly, principally, chiefly, largely.
mi, dialect form of min, my.
middagsbesk (-et, --), noon-day visit, visit for dinner.
middagsstund (-en, -er), dinner hour, dinner time, noon hour.
Midgrd, the realm of humanity in Norse mythology.
midj|a (-an, -or), waist.
midnattsklock|a (-an, -or), midnight bell.
midnattssol (-en), midnight sun.
midnattstimm|a or -e (-an, -en, -ar), midnight hour.
midsommars|natt (-natten, ntter), midsummer night.
midvinter|natt (-natten, -ntter), midwinter night.
mig, me.
mil (-en, --), mile.
mild, mild, gentle, tender, kind, sweet, merciful, soft, lenient,
  clement.
mildhet (-en), tenderness, mildness, gentleness, softness, clemency,
  mercy.
mildr|a (-ade, -at), to soften, ease, mollify, temper, mitigate;
  to extenuate, moderate.
million, miljon (-en, -er), million.
min (-en, -er), mien; countenance.
min, my, mine.
minaret (-en, -er), minaret.
mindre, smaller, less.
min|nas (-des, -ts), to remember, recollect, recall.
minne (-t, -n), memory, recollection; fame, reputation.
minneshgtid (-en, -er), memorial celebration.
minnesrik, memorable, rich in memories.
minnesskrift (-en, -er), inscription, memorial legend.
minsann or min sann, forsooth, indeed, upon my word, to be sure.
minst, least, smallest.
minut (-en, -er), minute, moment.
miskund (-en), commiseration, pity, compassion.
miskundsam, gracious, compassionate, charitable.
missljud (-et, --), discord, dissonance.
missmod (-et, --), despair, despondency.
mist|a (-ade, -at; -e, --), to lose.
mitt (-en), middle, center, midst;
  mitt i, in the middle of; amidst, among;
  mitt emellan, halfway between.
mjuk, limber; soft, smooth; pliable, plastic.
mjukn|a (-ade, -at), to soften; to grow mellow.
mjll, clear.
mjltsjuka (-n), hypochondria, spleen.
mjd (-et), mead.
mo (-n, -ar), moor, heath.
mod (-et), courage, bravery, heroism, valor; cheer; spirit, heart, pluck.
moder (modern, mdrar), mother.
modersml (-et, --), mother tongue.
modersprk (-et, --), mother tongue, native language.
modig, brave, courageous, valiant, dauntless.
mogen, ripe, mature, complete.
mognad (-en), ripeness, maturity.
mogningsstund (-en, -er), hour of ripening, time of fruition.
moln (-et, --), cloud.
monark (-en, -er), monarch, ruler.
mor (moder), mother.
moral (-en), morals.
mord (-et, --), murder, homicide.
morfar, mor|fader (-fadern, -fder), grandfather.
morg|on (-onen, -nar), morning.
morgondag (-en), morrow.
morgondagg (-en), morning dew.
morgonkvitt|er (-ret), morning twitter, morning song.
morgonliv (-et), future life.
morgonrodnad (-en, -er), auroral light, morning glow;
  poet., morgonrodnan.
morgonstund (-en, -er), morning hour.
morgontimm|a or -e (-an, -en, -ar), morning hour.
morgonvkt (-en, -er), morning watch.
mormor, mor|moder (-modern, -mdrar), grandmother.
morse; i morse, this morning.
mort|el (-eln, -lar), mortar, mortar and pestle.
moskovit (-en, -er), Muscovite, Russian.
mossa (-n), moss.
mossig, mossy, overgrown with moss.
mot, against, toward, to; in return for; about.
motgng (-en, -ar), adversity, opposition, trouble.
mothugg (-et, --), resistance, opposition, counterstroke.
motiv (-et, --), motive, subject.
motsats (-en, -er), contrast.
motstndare (-n, --), antagonist, opponent.
motsvar|a (-ade, -at), to answer to, correspond to or with.
mot|taga (-tog, -tagit), to receive.
mottaglig, receptive, sensitive, open (to).
mul|e (-en, -ar), mouth and nose (of horses and cattle).
mull (-en), mold, earth, soil, sod.
mullr|a (-ade, -at), to thunder, roar.
mullrande, thundering, roaring.
multn|a (-ade, -at), to molder, decay.
muml|a (-ade, -at), to mumble.
mun (-nen, -nar), mouth, lips.
mund (rarely inflected), poetic archaic form for mun, mouth.
munk (-en, -ar), monk, friar.
munter, merry, lively.
munterhet (-en), gaiety, hilarity, conviviality, cheerfulness.
mur (-en, -ar), wall.
mur|a (-ade, -at), to build with masonry; to wall;
  mura till, to wall up.
muse|um (-et, -er), museum.
musik (-en), music.
musikalisk, musical, melodious.
musikant (-en, -er), musician, player.
muskus, musk.
musselskal (-et, --), shell, mussel shell.
must (-en), must, juice, sap; essence.
mycken, much, many.
myll|a (-ade, -at), to bury, inter; inhume;
  usually, mylla ned, to put underground;
  myllas (ned), to be buried, planted in the soil, interred.
myr (-en, -ar), fen, bog, marsh.
myrten (-- or, rarely, myrtnen), myrtnar; sometimes poet., myrt (-en),
  myrtle.
myrtenskog (-en, -ar), myrtle grove.
mysticism (-en), mysticism.
mystik (-en),  mysticism; mystery, mysteriousness.
mystisk, mystical, mysterious.
mystr (-en, -er), mystery, secret.
m (-dde, -tt), to feel, fare;
  m gott, feel well, fine; to enjoy oneself; to thrive.
m (-tte), may, must, shall, let.
mg (-en, -ar), son-in-law.
mhnda, perhaps, maybe, possibly.
ml (-et, --), object, aim; goal, destination.
ml|a (-ade, -at), to paint, depict; to decorate.
mls|man (-mannen, -mn), champion, promoter; guardian.
mltid (-en, -er), meal; feast, collation.
mltidsro (-n), mealtime rest, dinner hour.
mn, measure, degree, respect, extent, turn.
mnad (-en, -er), month.
mnde, might.
mn|e (-en, -ar), moon.
mnga, many, numerous;
  sometimes mng.
mngdubbl|a (-ade, -at), to multiply.
mngen, many a, many a man;
  mngen en, many a.
mnghvdad, manyheaded.
mngsidighet (-en), many-sideness.
mnljus, moonlit.
mnne (abbrev. mnn', mnn or mn), may be, perhaps, possibly;
  mnn det? really? indeed?
mnskens|natt (-natten, -ntter), moonlight night.
mste (mst), must, (to be) obliged to, (to be) necessary, (to) have to.
mtt (-et, --), measure, limit.
mktig, mighty, exalted, influential, powerful.
Mlaren, Lake Mlar or Mlaren.
mngd (-en, -er), mass, great number, quantity, crowd, rabble.
mnnisk|a, mnsk|a (-an, -or), man, human being, humanity, mankind.
mnniskohjrta (-t, -n), human heart.
mnniskoliv (-et, --), life, human life.
mnsklig, human.
mnsklighet (-en), humanity, human feeling; humaneness; mankind,
  the human race.
mnskligt, humanly, humanely.
mnskoflrd (-en), human vanity, human foibles.
mnskoslkt (-en, -er), generation of mankind;
  mnskoslkte (-t, -n), human race, mankind.
mnniskovr (-en, -ar), flower of the nation.
mnskott (-en, -er), race, humanity.
mrg (-en), marrow.
mrk|a (-te, -t), to mark, notice; to remark upon; to observe;
  det mrks, mrkes, it is evident; it can be seen.
mrke (-t, -n), mark, sign.
mrkes|man (-mannen, -mn), standard-bearer, chieftain, leader.
mssingsskl (-en, -ar), brass bowl.
mstare (-n, --), master.
msterlig masterly, masterful.
msterverk (-et, --), masterpiece, master work.
mta (mtte, mtt), to pace; to measure, estimate;
  mta ut, to mete out, survey, compute.
mtt, sated, full, satisfied;
  ta, se, hra sig mtt, to have one's fill.
m (-n, -r), maiden, lass;
  taga sig en m, to take a wife; to wed.
mb|el (-eln, -ler), furniture.
md|a (-an, -or), toil, labor, task; strife, effort; exertion, trouble;
  med mda, barely, with difficulty.
mjligen, possibly, perchance.
mnstergill, worthy of being taken as a model, exemplary.
mnstergillt, in an exemplary manner.
mrk, dark, gloomy, dismal.
mrk|er (-ret), gloom, darkness.
mrkn|a (-ade, -at), to grow dark, darken.
mss|a (-an, -or), cap.
mt|a (-te, -t), to meet, encounter; to assemble.
mt|as (-tes, -ts), to meet.
mte (-t, -n), meeting;
  g till mtes, to go to meet; to favor, accommodate, meet halfway.

N.

nack|e (-en, -ar), neck, shoulders, back; back of the head.
naiv, nave.
najad (-en, -er), naiad, water nymph.
naken, naked, bare, destitute.
nalk|as (-ades, -ats), to approach, draw near.
namn (-et, --), name; reputation.
namnfrejd (-en), fame, renown.
namnkunnighet (-en), renown, notoriety.
namnls, nameless, inexpressible; unknown.
narr (-en, -ar), fool, fop, dupe, buffoon, jester, clown.
nation (-en, -er), nation.
nationalvett (-et), national conscience, national intelligence.
nationell, national.
natt (natten, ntter), night, darkness, gloom.
natthrbrge (-t, -n), lodging or shelter for the night.
nattlamp|a (-an, -or), night lamp.
nattrock (-en, -ar), dressing gown, house-coat, chamber robe.
nattvardsbord (-et, --), communion table; holy communion.
nattyg (-et, --), night or morning apparel; spec., morning cap.
natur (-en), nature; character, disposition.
naturlig, natural, native, inborn.
naturligt, naturally;
  helt naturligt, quite naturally, manifestly.
navelstrng (-en, -ar), umbilical cord.
ned, down.
nedan, wane; abyss;
  i nedan, on the wane.
nedanfr, beneath, below.
nedblick|a (-ade, -at), to look down.
neder, down.
nederst, nethermost.
nedlten (nedltande), condescending.
nedrighet (-en, -er), wickedness, infamy, atrocity, rascality, baseness.
ned|sl (-slog, -slagit), to alight, settle; to strike down.
nedstmmande, dispiriting, depressing.
nedvnd, inverted, reversed;
  commonly upp- och nedvnd, turned upside down.
nej, no, nay.
nejd (-en, -er), surroundings, environment, neighborhood.
nek|a (-ade, -at), to deny, refuse.
nektarskl (-en, -ar), nectar cup, bowl or chalice.
ner, down.
nervsjukdom (-en, -ar), nervous disease.
nervsjuklighet (-en), nervous disorder.
nervs, nervous.
nes|a (-an), disgrace, shame.
neslig, despicable, shameful, nefarious.
nick|a (-ade, -at), to nod; to doze; to grow dull; to bend, sway (to the
  wind).
nigning (-en, -ar), curtsy.
Nilen, the Nile,
Nilvg (-en, -or), wave or waters of the Nile.
Ninive, Nineveh.
nio, nine.
nit (-et), zeal, ardor.
nittio (nitti), ninety.
nitton, nineteen.
njuta (njt, njutit), to enjoy, relish.
njutning (-en, -ar), enjoyment, delight, pleasure.
nobel, noble, dignified.
nobelpris (-et, --), Nobel prize (No-bel').
nog, enough, sufficient;
  ej nog, furthermore;
  nog av, at all events, nevertheless.
noga, closely, thoroughly, minutely, carefully, precisely, accurately.
nord or Nord (-en), the North, the Scandinavian countries or any of them.
nordan, the north wind.
nordanskog (-en, -ar), northern forest.
nordanstorm (-en, -ar), storm from the north, north wind.
nordanvind (-en, -ar), north wind.
nordanvd|er (-ret, --), north wind.
nordisk, northern.
nordlig, northern, northerly.
norn|a (-an, -or), Norn, one of three demigoddesses of fate.
norr, north;
  p Norr, on the north side in Stockholm.
norrskensberg (-en, --), mountains over which the northern lights play.
norrskenslg|a (-an, -or), Aurora Borealis, northern light.
Norrstrm, North river (in Stockholm).
nu, now, at present.
nu (-et), the present.
num|mer (abbrev., n:o or nr), -ret, or -mern, -- or numror), number,
  figure.
ny, new, novel, unusual;
  p nytt, anew, again.
nybildning (-en, -ar), new formation.
nyck (-en, -er), whim, fancy, caprice, conceit, vagary, humor.
nyckelharp|a (-an, -or), hurdy-gurdy.
nyckelknipp|a (-an, -or), bunch of keys.
nyfdd, newborn.
nyhet (-en, -er), newness, novelty.
nymf (-en, -er), nymph, fairy.
nyponblom (-men, coll. pl.), brier rose, wild brier.
nyromantiker (-n, --), new romanticist.
nyromantisk, neo-romantic.
nyss, just now.
nyssfdd (nyfdd), newborn.
nystiftad, newly organized.
nysvensk, new or modern Swedish.
nytta (-n), use, purpose.
nyttig, useful, beneficial.
nyttj|a (-ade, -at), to use, employ.
nytnd, lighted anew (of the moon); rekindled.
nyrsdag (-en, -ar), New Year's Day.
nyrsmn|e (-en, -ar), New Year's moon.
nyrs|natt (-natten, -ntter), New Year's night.
nyrsvis|a (-an, -or), New Year's ballad.
n (-dde, -tt), to reach; to attain; to stretch,
nd (-en, rarely -er), grace, mercy, favor;
  hans, hennes nd, (nde) his, her grace, his lordship, her ladyship,
  ndig herrn, the master.
nde, have mercy on; (pres. subj. only).
ndig, lordly, highborn; merciful, gracious.
ng|on (-ot), some, some one, any, anyone, several, a few, anything,
  something.
ngonsin, ever, at any time.
nl (-en, -ar), needle, pin;
  p nlar, on pins, on the anxious seat.
nnsin (ngonsin), ever.
Ncken, the nix, the water sprite; commonly used as a proper noun in the
  definite form; sometimes as a common noun--nck, nckar.
nktergal (-en, -ar), nightingale.
nmn|a (-de, -t), to name, mention; to enumerate; som nmnt, as stated.
nr, when; near.
nra, near, nearly;
  nra nog, almost, well-nigh.
nr|a (-de, -t), to nourish, feed.
nrande, nourishing, nutritious.
nrmare, nrmre, nearer, closer.
nrmast, nearest, next.
nrmaste, kindred, relatives, family.
nrvaro (-n), presence.
ns (-et, --), ness, point.
nsduk (-en, -ar), handkerchief.
nst, next.
nstan, almost.
nste (-t, -n), nest; cove; den, hovel.
nt (-et, --), net, fish net; network.
ntt, neat, prim.
nv|e (-en, -ar), hand, fist.
nd (-en), need, trouble, distress, want, necessity.
ndg|as (-ades, -ats), to be compelled, obliged.
nj|as (-des, -ts), to be satisfied, pleased; to take satisfaction,
  be sated.
njd, satisfied, pleased.
nje (-t, -n), joy, pleasure, merriment, amusement, delight,
  gratification.
nt|a (-te, -t), to wear, use.
ntt, worn.

O.

o, O, oh, alas.
oavbruten, unceasing, incessant, uninterrupted.
obefaren, untraversed.
obehrskat, unreservedly, aggressively.
oberoende, independent.
obeskt, unfrequented, unexplored.
obetvinglig, unconquerable, irresistible, insatiable.
obetydlig, insignificant, limited, small, minor.
obotlig, incurable.
ocean (-en, -er), ocean, sea.
och, and.
ock, also, too.
ocks, also, too.
odal|bonde (-bonden, -bnder), allodial peasant, freeholder;
  odalman or udalman.
ode (-t, -n; -n, -r), ode.
odelat, exclusively, undividedly.
odling (-en), culture, civilization.
odrglig, intolerable, odious, insufferable, unbearable.
odyss (-en, -er), Odyssey.
oddlig, immortal.
oddlighetstank|e (-en, -ar), concept of immortality.
oerhrd, unheard of, unequaled.
ofantlig, great, enormous;
  ofantligt, greatly, highly, very.
offentlig, public, general.
off|er (-ret, --), victim; sacrifice.
offerdag (-en, -ar), day of sacrifice.
offerkrans (-en, -ar), sacrificial garland.
ofri, dependent, unfree, unemancipated.
ofta, often, ofttimes, frequently.
ofrd (-en), misfortune, ill luck, adversity.
ofrfrad, unafraid, dauntless, undismayed, fearless, intrepid.
ofrstdd, misjudged, misunderstood.
ofrstende, unjust, unintelligent, injudicious.
ofrtjnt, undeserved, unmerited.
ofrtnkt, unforeseen, unsuspected, unlooked for; suddenly, unexpectedly.
ogift, unmarried, single.
ogrundad, unfounded, false.
ohljd, bare, frank, unconcealed; brazen.
ohrd, unheard, unheeded.
ok (-et, --), yoke; fig., burden.
okuvlig, dauntless, unconquerable.
oknd, unknown, strange, foreign.
olika, different, various.
olikartad, unlike, different, varied, miscellaneous.
oliv (-en, -er), olive, olive branch.
olyck|a (-an, -or), mishap, misfortune, disaster.
olycklig, unhappy; unfortunate.
olycksfull, wretched, unfortunate.
Olymp (-en), Olympus, abode of the gods.
om, about, concerning, of; around; again; back; if, whether;
  ack om, oh that.
ombonad, equipped for comfort, comfortable, well ordered.
omdme (-t, -n), judgment, opinion, conclusion.
omfamn|a (-ade, -at), to embrace, fathom.
omfatt|a (-ade, -at), to embrace, include, comprise.
omfattande, comprehensive, extensive.
omfng (-et), extent, volume, voluminousness.
om|giva (-gav, -givit), to surround, encircle.
omkring, around, about, approximately;
  runt omkring, all around.
omkull, over, down;
  sl omkull, to strike, knock down; to overturn, upset.
omrde (-t, -n), domain, field, sphere, realm.
omsider, eventually, at length, finally.
omslag (-et, --), change, reversal.
om|smyga (-smg, -smugit), to prowl around, steal about;
  commonly kringsmyga.
omsorg (-en, -er), care, attention, pains, heed.
omsorgsfull, careful, painstaking.
omstndighet (-en, -er), circumstance, fact; pl., condition.
omtckn|as (-ades, -ats), to be veiled, dimmed, darkened; to grow hazy.
omtlig, immeasurable, infinite, endless.
onatur (-en), unnaturalness, conventionalism, artifice.
ond, evil, wicked, bad, vicious, corrupt.
ondska (-n), evil.
ont (ond), evil.
ond, disgrace, disfavor.
opi|um (-et), opium.
opp (upp), up.
optimistisk, optimistic.
oratorisk, oratorical, rhetorical.
ord (-et, --), word, letter;
  ha ordet, to have the floor;
  Herrens (Guds) ord, the Word of God, Holy Writ.
ordentlig, proper, orderly.
ordentligt, properly, in good order, systematically.
ordn|a (-ade, -at), to arrange, order; to set in order.
ordning (-en, -ar), order, arrangement, system.
ordskatt (-en, -er), vocabulary; language; choice or wealth of words.
ordval (-et), choice of words.
organ (-et, --), organ, mouthpiece, official publication.
Orienten, the Orient.
originalitetsbegr (-et), affectation, desire to appear original,
  odd or peculiar.
orkan (-en, -er), hurricane, tempest, tornado.
orm (-en, -ar), serpent, snake.
oro (-n), unrest, anxiety, disquiet, agitation, trouble,
  molestation, excitement, hubbub, alarm.
orolig, restless, agitated, anxious, troubled, alarmed, excited.
orsak (-en, -er), reason, cause, origin.
ort (-en, -er), place, locality.
orygglig, unswervable.
orknelig, innumerable, countless.
orttvis|a (-an, -or), injustice, wrong.
osann, untrue, false.
osedd, unseen, invisible.
Oskar, Oscar.
oskuld (-en), innocence, guilelessness, purity.
oskuldsfull, innocent, pure, guileless, artless.
oskuldsglans (-en), pure light of innocence, radiance of purity.
oskyldig, innocent, guileless; guiltless.
oskr|a (-ade, -at), to pollute, stain; to make impure; to desecrate.
oslcklig, quenchless, unquenchable.
oss, us.
ostkak|a (-an, -or), a kind of pudding prepared with rennet; curd-cake.
ostyrig, unruly, frisky.
osynlig, unseen, invisible, hidden, secret.
osglig, inexpressible, unutterable, indescribable.
otacksam, ungrateful, thankless.
otalig, countless, innumerable.
otrolig, incredible, unbelievable, improbable, unlikely.
oumbrlig, indispensable.
outplnlig, indelible, ineffaceable.
outtrttlig, untiring, tireless, indefatigable.
ovan, above, on high;
  frn ovan, from on high, above.
ovannmnd, aforesaid.
ovett (-et), abuse, insult.
ovilja (-n), antipathy.
oviss, uncertain, vague, aimless.
ovld, justice, impartiality, fairness.
ovldighet (-en), impartiality.
ovntad, unexpected, unforeseen.
ox|e (-en, -ar), ox.
ondlig, endless, unfathomable, profound.
ondlighet (-en), endlessness, eternity, infinitude.
ondlighetslngtan, longing for the infinite, or indefinable.

P.

pack|a (-ade, -at), to pack.
palats (-et, --), palace.
palm (-en, -er), palm.
panateneisk, Panathenan, pert. to the Panathena.
pann|a (-an, -or), forehead, temples.
pant (-en, -er), pledge, gage, pawn.
papper (-et, --), paper.
pappersrems|a (-an, -or), strip of paper.
par (-et, --), pair, couple, few;
  par om par, in pairs, by pairs, two and two.
par|a (-ade, -at), to couple; to pair, mate; to combine.
paradis (-et, --), paradise.
parentation (-en, -er), eulogy, funeral oration, obsequies.
park (-en, -er), park.
Parnass (-en), Parnassus.
parti (-et, -er), party; part, passage; faction, section; game;
  taga parti, to take sides; to take exception.
pass (-et, --), pass.
pass;
  s pass, so far, to such a degree;
  vid pass, about, approximately.
passionerad, passionate, impassioned, intense.
pastor (-n, -er), pastor.
pastorsk|a (-an, -or), pastor's wife.
patent (-et, --), engrossed sheet of paper.
patos, pathos.
Paulus, Paul the Apostle, St. Paul.
pelargng (-en, -ar), colonnade.
penn|a (-an, -or), pen, quill.
penning (-en, -ar), coin, money.
pepparkak|a (-an, -or), gingersnap.
Per, Peter, Pierre.
pergament (-et, --), parchment.
periferi (-en, -er), periphery, circumference.
Perikles, Pericles.
period (-en, -er), period.
person (-en, -er), person, individual.
personlig, personal, individual.
peruk (-en, -er), wig, periwig.
pessimism (-en), pessimism.
pest (-en), epidemic, pestilence.
piano (-t, -n), piano.
pick|a (-ade, -at), to peck; to make a pecking or ticking sound.
pig|a (-an, -or), hired girl, maidservant.
pikant, piquant, sharp, smart, racy.
pil (-en, -ar), arrow, shaft.
pil (-en, -ar), willow.
pilgrim (-en, -er), pilgrim.
pilgrimsdrkt (-en, -er), garb of a pilgrim.
pilgrimsskrock (-et), pilgrim superstition.
pilgrimsstav (-en, -ar), pilgrim staff.
pilt (-en, -ar), lad, boy, stripling.
Pinden, the Pindus.
pingst (-en, -ar), Pentecost, Whitsunday.
pingstdagsgldje (-n), Pentecostal joy, Whitsuntide pleasure.
pingstdagsmorg|on (-onen, -nar), Whitsunday morning.
pingst|natt (-natten, -ntter), Pentecostal night, night before
  Whitsunday.
pinje (-n, -r), pinea, stone pine.
pinn|e (-en, -ar), roost, peg.
pip|a (-an, -or), barrel of a gun.
pipa (pep, pipit), to pipe, chirp.
pisk (-en, -or), pisk|a (-an, -or), whip.
pisksnrt (-en, -ar), whip.
planet (-en, -er), planet.
plant|a (-an, -or), plant; fig., children.
plant|a (-ade, -at), to plant.
planter|a (-ade, -at), to plant.
platan (-en, -er), plantain.
plats (-en, -er), place, locality; position, situation.
platt, flat, plane.
platt, totally, thoroughly, entirely.
plg|a (-an, -or), pain, torture, suffering; malady, complaint.
plgsam, painful.
pln|a (-ade, -at) ut, to erace, wipe out, efface;
  commonly utplna.
plg|a (-ade, -at), to be used to; to be in the habit of or
  accustomed to.
plr (plgar), (am, is) accustomed to.
pltslig, sudden, unforeseen, instant.
pltsligt, suddenly.
poem (-et, --), poem.
poesi (-en), poetry, poesy;
  pl. poesier, verses, doggerel.
poetast|er (-ern, -rer), poetaster, petty rhymer, rhymester.
poetisk, poetic.
pojk|e (-en, -ar), boy, lad, stripling, youngster.
pokal (-en or -n, -er), cup, goblet, beaker.
pol (-en, -er), pole.
politik (-en), politics.
politisk, political.
Polle, also Plle or plle, common pet name for a horse; dobbin.
polsk|a, polk|a (-an, -or), polka.
pontak (-en), pontac, a dark red wine of France.
popularitet (-en), popularity.
populr, popular.
porslin (-et), porcelain.
porslinsarbetare (-n, --), maker of porcelain.
porslinsfabrik (-en, -er), porcelain factory.
port (-en, -ar), gate, entrance, door.
portrtt (-et, -- or -er), portrait.
post (-en), post, mail.
Post- och Inrikes Tidningar, official newspaper of Sweden, organ of
  the Swedish government.
prakt (-en), splendor, grandeur, pomp, magnificence, display, brilliancy.
praktfull, splendid, brilliant.
praktstycke (-t, -n), masterpiece, splendid work.
prassl|a (-ade, -at), to rustle.
predik|a (-ade, -at), to preach.
predikant (-en, -er), preacher.
president (-en, -er), president.
press (-en), press (newspaperdom).
preussare (-n, --), Prussian.
primarius, first, superior;
  pastor primarius, the ranking pastor of the Stockholm clergy.
pris (-et, --), prize.
pris|a (-ade, -at), to praise, laud, glorify; to commend;
  prisa salig, to call blessed.
prismne (-t, -n), subject for competition.
privatlrare (-n, --), private teacher, tutor.
produktion (-en, -er), production, output, product; literary production;
  writings.
professor (-n, -er), professor.
prolog (-en, -er), prologue.
Prometeus, Prometevs, Greek mythol., Prometheus, a Titan.
promover|a (-ade, -at), to promote, advance; to confer academic degrees.
pros|a (-an), prose.
prosafrfattare (-n, --), prose writer.
prov (-et, --), test, proof;
  hlla provet, to stand the test.
pry|da (-dde, -tt), to adorn, decorate, deck.
prydd, adorned, embellished, decorated, decked.
prydlig, decorative.
prl|a (-ade, -at), to shine, show off, parade; to make ostentatious
  display; to vaunt.
prg|el (-eln, -lar), stamp, mark, character, impress.
prgl|a (-ade, -at), to engrave, stamp, delineate, fashion, formulate;
  to characterize.
prgl|as (-ades, -ats), to be stamped, characterized;
  prglas av, to be characterized by, distinguished for.
prktig, brilliant, splendid; excellent.
prnt (-et, --), manuscript in text-hand; handwriting in imitation
  of print.
prnt|a (-ade, -at), to text; to write in text-hand; to engross.
prst (-en, -er), preacher, pastor, priest.
prsterlig, clerical, priestly, ministerial.
prstfar, worthy parson, reverend father.
prstfolk (-et, --), the pastors family.
prstfru (-n, -ar), minister's wife.
prstgrd (-en, -ar), parsonage; manse;
  colloq., prstgl.
prstgrdspark (-en, -er), park surrounding a parsonage.
prstmor (-an), parson's wife.
prst|son (-sonen, -sner), son of a minister, preacher's son.
prv|a (-ade, -at), to test, prove, try;
  prva p, to put to the test; to attempt.
prvning (-en, -ar), trial, test.
psalm (-en, -er), hymn, psalm.
psalm|bok (-boken, bcker), hymn book, hymnal, psalmody, psalm book.
psalmdiktning (-en), composition of hymns.
psalmsng (-en), singing of psalms.
psalmsngare (-n, --), psalmist, singer of psalms, hymn writer.
psykologisk, psychological.
publicer|a (-ade, -at), to publish, issue; to have or cause to be
  published.
pud|er (-ret), powder.
puk|a (-an, -or), kettledrum, timbal.
puls (-en, -ar), pulse.
pulsslag (-et, --), pulse beat, throb.
purpur (-n), purple, ruddiness.
purpurfrg (-en, -er), purple.
purpurgarn (-et), purple or crimson cord.
purpurgld (-en), purple glow.
pust (-en, -ar), breath, sigh.
put|a (-an, -or), pillow, cushion.
puts|a (-ade, -at), to trim (a lamp); to polish, clean, furbish.
pyrrikisk, Pyrrhic.
pyssl|a (-ade, -at), to busy oneself with trifling duties; to look after
  (things); to potter; usually with med, om, to take care of.
p, on, upon, in, of, to, at;
  gra nda p, make an end of, put an end to;
  p det (att), so that, in order that;
  p grund av, on account of.
pgende, going on, proceeding, current, existing.
pkl|da (-dde, -tt), to put on, dress.
pskynd|a (-ade, -at), to accelerate, hasten.
pverk|a (-ade, -at), to influence.
pverkan, influence.
prl|a (-an, -or), pearl; poet, dewdrop.
prlglans (-en), pearly sheen, glitter of pearls.
pbel (-n), mob, rabble.

R.

rad (-en, -er), line, row.
raggen, the devil, the dickens.
ragl|a (-ade, -at), to stagger, reel.
rak, straight;
  rak(t) p sak, straight to the point, direct.
ram (-en, -ar), frame.
raml|a (-ade, -at), to tumble, fall.
rand (-en), rim, edge, border.
rangplats (-en, -er), position of rank.
rank|a (-an, -or), vine.
rannsak|a (-ade, -at), to search, study.
rar, rare, sweet.
ras (-et), wild, boisterous play; frolic, mirth.
rasande, raging, wild, furious.
raseri (-et), rage, craze, madness.
rask, adroit, active, spry, lively, quick, smart; fast, brisk, rapid.
rassl|a (-ade, -at), to clash, rattle.
rast (-en, -er), rest, pause, halt;
  utan rast, ceaselessly.
rastls, incessant, without resting or ceasing.
realistisk, realistic.
rebab|e (-en, -er), rebab, a stringed instrument (medieval and
  Oriental) resembling the violin.
reda (-n), order, clearness;
  skaffa (taga) reda p, to find out, get to know; to learn of.
re|da (-dde, -tt), to prepare, make ready;
  poet. for bereda.
redaktion (-en, -er), editorship, editorial work; editorial staff.
redan (ren), already, as early as.
redlig, honest, upright, righteous, fair and square.
redskapshus (-et, --), tool house, repair shop.
referent (-en, -er), reporter, spec., reporter of meetings,
  conventions, etc.
refflad, fluted, corrugated, filleted.
reflektion, reflexion (-en), reflection, introspection.
reformationsfest (-en, -er), Reformation festival.
reg|el (-eln, -ler), rule, law, form.
regelbunden, regular, uniform.
regeltvng (-et), submission to rules, tyranny of form, regularity,
  conventionality.
regering (-en, -ar), government, administration.
regnbegjuten, drenched or dripping with rain.
regnbck (-en, -ar), freshet.
reguljr, regular.
relief (-en, -er), relief.
religionshn (-et), scoffing at or mockery of religion, irreverence.
religiositet (-en), religiousness, piety, godliness, devoutness.
religis, religious.
rems|a (-an, -or), strip.
ren, pure, clear; true, genuine.
ren (redan), already, even now.
ren|a (-ade, -at), to cleanse, purify.
renhet (-en), purity.
rens|a (-ade, -at), to purify, cleanse, clean; to clear.
representer|a (-ade, -at), to represent.
republik (-en, -er), republic.
res|e (-en, -ar), giant.
resebrev (-et, --), letter of travel.
reservation (-en, -er), reservation.
reskamrat (-en, -er), traveling companion.
resning (-en, -ar), erection, elevation.
resoner|a (-ade, -at), to reason; to argue.
rest (-en, -er), rest, remainder;
 fr resten, besides.
resultat (-et, -- or -er), result.
ret|a (-ade, -at), to madden, enrage, provoke, infuriate.
retad, enraged, maddened, furious.
retorik (-en), rhetoric; eloquence.
rev|el (-eln, -lar), reef, sand bar.
rida (red, ridit), to ride.
rik, rich, great, profuse, abundant, opulent.
rike (-t, -n), realm, kingdom, domain, state.
rikedom (-en, -ar), wealth, riches.
riklig, abundant, profuse, plentiful, bounteous.
riksarkiv (-et, --), royal archives, state archives.
riksdag (-en, -ar), parliament, session of parliament, the Swedish
  legislative body or its term of session; riksdag.
rikshistoriograf (-en, -er), state historiographer; a title bestowed
  on noted historians.
rikt|a (-ade, -at), to enrich.
riktig, true, trusty, faithful; real; correct, accurate; proper.
riktigt, right, squarely, properly, correctly.
riktning (-en, -ar), direction; tendency; trend; school, group.
rim (-met, --), rhyme.
rimfltning (-en, -ar), interlacing of rhymes.
rimfrost (-en), hoarfrost, rime.
rimm|a (-ade, -at), to rhyme; to write verses.
ring (-en, -ar), ring, circle; arch, vault; whirl; orbit.
ringa, lowly, humble, mean, slight, small, trifling, insignificant.
ringare (-n, --), bell-ringer.
ringmur (-en, -ar), wall surrounding a city, encircling wall.
rinna (rann, runnit), to run, flow;
  rinna upp, to rise.
rinnande, running.
ris (-et, --), switch, rod.
ris|a (-ade, -at), to chastise, switch; to satirize; to criticise.
ritt (-en, -er), ride.
riva (rev, rivit), to tear, wrench; to scratch.
Rivieran, the Riviera.
ro (-n), peace, rest, quiet, tranquillity.
ro|a (-ade, -at), to amuse, entertain, divert.
rock (-en, -ar), coat.
rodd (-en), rowing.
rod|er (-ret, --), rudder.
rolig, calm, peaceful, undisturbed, sweet, placid; funny, amusing,
  laughable; jolly, merry, pleasant.
rols, restless.
Roma, Rome.
roman (-en, -er), novel.
romansk, Romance.
romantik (-en), romanticism.
romantiker (-n, --), romanticist.
romantisk, romantic.
romare (-n, --), Roman.
rop|a (-ade, -at; colloq. and poet. -te, -t), to exclaim,
  call out, shout.
ros (-en, -or), rose.
rosenband (-et, --), wreath of roses, rosy band.
rosenblad (-et, --), rose leaves.
rosenjungfru (-n, -r), rose maiden, flower girl.
rosenkorg (-en, -ar), basket of roses.
rosenkrans (-en, -ar), wreath of roses.
rosenrd, rosy, roseate, rosy red.
rosig, rosy, bearing roses, roseate; figured with roses.
rostig, rusty.
rot (roten, rtter), root.
rov (-et, --), spoils, plunder, booty.
ruin (-en, -er), ruin.
rull|a (-ade, -at), to roll.
rullning (-en, -ar), revolution, rolling.
rum (-met, --), place; room; chamber; space.
run|a (-an, -or), rune.
rund (-en, -er), circle, sphere, round.
rund, round, ample, plentiful; circular, globular.
rundlig, generous, liberal, round.
runk|a (-ade, -at), to shake.
runosng (-en, -er), runic song.
runt, around, about; amply, roundly, abundantly; runt omkring,
  all around.
runtom, around.
rusig, drunk, intoxicated.
rut|a (-an, -or), windowpane, square.
ruv|a (-ade, -at), to brood.
ryck|a (-te, -t), to move, march, rush; rycka an, to sally forth,
  advance.
ryckning (-en, -ar), twitch, spasm.
rygg (-en, -ar), back; ridge.
rygg|a (-ade, -at), to fall back; to swerve; to evade;
  usually with tillbaka.
ryk|a (-te, -t; rk or rkte, rkt), to smoke, steam, fume.
rykte (-t, -n), rumor, fame, reputation.
ryktbarhet (-en, --), fame;
  ryktbarheter, celebrities.
rymd (-en, -er), space, universe, expanse, world.
rym|ma (-de, -t), to desert, depart, flee; to contain, hold.
rysning (-en, -ar), shudder.
ryta (rt, rutit), to roar.
rytm (-en, -er), rhythm.
rytmisk, rhythmical.
r (-et, -n), a kind of crisp cake or waffle;
  usually, gorn (godrn).
r, raw, savage.
r, rda, (rdde, rtt), to rule, reign; to have power; to prevail,
  predominate.
rd (-et, --), advice, counsel, admonition; council, consultation;
  counselor.
r|da (-dde, -tt), to rule, reign, govern, control; to predominate.
rdplgning (-en, -ar), council, deliberation, conference.
rdvillhet (-en), perplexity, hesitation, doubt, uncertainty,
  irresolution.
rm|a (-ade, -at), to low, moo.
rn (-et, --), robbery.
rck|a (-te, -t), to reach, last, endure, extend; to stretch; to hand.
rdas (rddes, rdits), to fear.
rdd|a (-ade, -at), to save, rescue, preserve.
rkn|a (-ade, -at), to count, reckon; to consider, esteem; to date;
  to number, enumerate.
rkning (-en, -ar), account.
rmn|a (-ade, -at), to crack, break.
rnker, intrigues, plots, machinations, cabals.
rtt (-en, rarely -er), right, privilege.
rtt (-en, -er), dish, course at table.
rtt, right, correct, proper, suitable, appropriate.
rtta;
  till rtta, aright; to light;
  stlla till rtta, to set right; to put in order;
  leta till rtta, to bring to light; to bring out.
rttfrdighet (-en), righteousness.
rttfrdighetsfullt, full righteously.
rd, red, ruddy.
rdgul, reddish yellow, glowing.
rj|a (-de, -t), to discern; to discover; to betray; to give evidence of.
rk (-en), smoke;
  rkar, pillars or wreaths of smoke, as from many chimneys.
rkelse (-n, -r), incense.
rn|a (-te, -t), to learn, observe, discover; to apprehend; to enjoy;
  to encounter.
rnndruv|a (-an, -or), cluster of rowan-berries, berries of the
  mountain ash.
rr|a (-de, -t), to move, stir; to touch; to affect, impress;
  to strike, play upon (a musical instrument).
rr|as (-des, -ts), to be moved, touched, stirred;
  rra sig, to move, stir, bestir oneself.
rrelse (-n, -r), movement, motion; emotion.
rst (-en, -er), voice.
rv|a (-ade, -at), to rob, steal;
  rva till sig, to appropriate; to arrogate to oneself.

S.

sa (sade), quoth.
sab|el (-eln, -lar), saber.
Sachsen, Saxony.
sad' (sade), said.
sad|el (-eln, -lar), saddle.
saft (-en, -er), sap, juice; essence, strength.
sag|a (-an, -or), saga, tale, story, romance; fairy tale.
sagofrtljersk|a (-an, -or), story-teller.
sago|land (-landet, -lnder), land of sagas; land famed in story.
sagospel (-et, --), poetic romance; mythical or fabled poem; fairy
  romance; cycle of poems built on the sagas.
sak (-en, -er), thing, object; cause, matter, question;
  pl., baggage, belongings;
  till saken, p sak, to the point.
sakn|a (-ade, -at), to miss, lack; to want.
saknad (-en), regret; need, want; desire; loss.
sakta, quiet, slow, silent, subdued; quietly, slowly.
saktmod (-et), meekness, patience.
sakren, fees; fines, penalty.
sal (-en, -ar), hall, salon, parlor, room.
salig, sainted, blessed, happy.
salopp (-en, -er), a short sacque or coat of light material;
  an overgarment without sleeves (Schck).
samhllsliv (-et), social life, community life.
samkvm (-et, --), company, society, social gathering, meeting.
saml|a (-ade, -at), to gather, collect, assemble;
  samlas, samla sig, to gather, come together, meet.
samling (-en, -ar), collection.
samlingsvurm (-en), mania for collecting.
samma, the same;
  ett och samma, the same thing.
samman, together, jointly.
sammanfrd, brought together, gathered.
sammanhang (-et, --), connection.
sammanslutning (-en, -ar), association, federation.
samman|smlta, (-smlte, -smlt), to unite, combine.
sammetsmss|a (-an, -or), velvet cap; skullcap of velvet.
samtid (-en), age, time; contemporaneous persons and things;
  contemporaries.
samtidig, simultaneous, coeval, contemporaneous;
  samtidigt, at the same time, simultaneously, meanwhile, coincidentally.
samvet|e, samvet (-et, -en), conscience.
samvetsgrann, conscientious.
sanatorievrd (-en), care at a sanatorium.
sand (-en), sand.
sandeltr (-et), sandalwood.
sandig, sandy.
sann, true, real, genuine.
sanning (-en, -ar), truth, verity, fact.
sanningsskare (-n, --), seeker after truth.
sanningstrngtan, yearning for the truth.
sansad, sane, sensible.
sansning (-en), sense, intelligence, sanity.
sant, true.
Sapfo, Sappho, Grecian poetess.
satir (-en, -er), satire; pl., satirical works.
satirisk, satirical.
seen (-en, -er), stage.
schablonmssig, stereotyped, traditional, formal.
schakt (-et, -- or -er), shaft, pit (of a mine).
se (sg, sett), to see, look; to notice; to perceive; to understand;
  se an, to await, contemplate;
  se, interj., lo, behold.
sed (-en, -er), habit, custom, manner, way.
sedan (sen), after, afterward, subsequently, later; ago;
  sedan tjugu r, since twenty years ago; these twenty years past.
sedermera, afterwards, subsequently, later.
sedesam (sedsam), virtuous, modest.
sefir (-en), zephyr, the west wind.
seg|el (-let, -len), sail.
seg|er (-ern, -rar), victory.
segerfan|a (-an, -or), flag of victory, triumphant standard.
segerkrans (-en, -ar), wreath of victory.
segerled (-en, -er), triumphant march.
segerrik, victorious, triumphant.
segersll, triumphant, victorious.
seglare (-n, --), seaman, sailor.
segr|a (-ade, -at), to win, triumph, gain victory; to come out (be)
  victorious.
segrare (-n, --), victor, conqueror.
sejour (-en, -er), season.
sek|el (-let, -ler), century.
sekelskifte (-t, -n), beginning or end of a century.
sekreterare (-n, --), secretary.
sel|e (-en, -ar), harness.
sen (sedan), after; later;
  n sen? What of it? What next?
sen|a (-an, -or), tendon, sinew.
senare, later, latter, subsequent; subsequently, thereafter.
september, September.
september|natt (-natten, -ntter), September night.
seraf (-en, -er or -im), seraph.
sex, six.
sextio (sexti), sixty.
sexton, sixteen.
sextonrig, sixteen years old, of sixteen (years).
sfr (-en, -er), sphere, orb, ball, globe, field.
si|a (-ade, -at), to predict, foretell.
siare (-n, --), seer.
sid|a (-an, -or), side;
  t sidan, aside;
  vid sidan om, beside, aside from.
siden (-et), satin.
sidenvd (-en, -er), poet, silken garb.
siffr|a (-an, -or), figure, number, cipher.
sig, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
signal (-en, -er), signal.
silkesseg|el (-let, --), silken sail.
silkessnre (-t, -n), silken cord.
silv|er (-ret), silver.
silverbck (-en, -ar), silvery brook.
silverkann|a (-an, -or), silver goblet, decanter.
silverklar, silvery, with silvery tone.
silverpenning (-en, -ar), silver coin.
silverpopp|el (-eln, -lar), silver poplar.
silverskir (-et), silvery gossamer, film or gauze.
silverskrud (-en, -ar), silvery gown, glittering raiment.
silversky (-n, -ar), silvery cloud.
silverslid|a (-an, -or), silver sheath.
silverstmm|a (-an, -or), silvery voice, tone.
silvertr (-en, -ar), silvery tear.
silvertcke (-t, -n), silvery blanket.
silvervit, silvery, silvery gray or white.
silvervg (-en, -or), silvery wave.
simm|a (sam, summit or -ade, -at), to swim, float.
sin, his, her, hers, its, their, theirs.
sinne (-t, -n), mind; sense; nature, character; poet. sinn;
  i sitt sinne, inwardly;
  lga sinnen, depraved characters;
  sinnen, senses.
sinnesro (-n), peace of mind.
sinnessjukdom (-en, -ar), mental affection, disease of the mind,
  insanity.
sinnestillstnd (-et, --), state of mind.
sipp|a (-an, -or), windflower, anemone.
sir|a (-ade, -at), to adorn, decorate, grace.
siratlig, ornate, ornamented, graceful, fancy, elaborate, embellished.
siren (-en, -er), siren.
sist, last, latest; lastly, finally;
  in i det sista, to the last, to the end.
sistone, end, last;
  p sistone, at last, in the end, ultimately.
sitt, his, her, hers, its, their, theirs.
sitta (satt, suttit), to sit; to be placed, applied.
sju, seven.
sjuda (sjd, sjudit), to seethe.
sjuk, sick, ill; corrupt, tainted; infected.
sjuka (-n), ailment, malady, illness; weakness.
sjukdom (-en, -ar), illness, malady, sickness, disease.
sjuklighet (-en), sickness, infirmity.
sjunga (sjng, sjungit), to sing, warble.
sjunka (sjnk, sjunkit), to sink.
sjuttio (sjutti), seventy.
sjutton, seventeen.
sjuttonhundratalet, the eighteenth century.
sjuttonring (-en, -ar), a youth of seventeen.
sjl (-en, -ar), soul, heart.
sjlaro (-n), peace of mind; rest for the soul.
sjlfullhet (-en), soulfulness, inspiration.
sjlsfrnde (-n, -r), sympathizer; intimate friend; follower.
sjlva, even, itself, the very.
sjlvfrpinande, poet. for sjlvpinande, self-torturing.
sjlvgjord, self-made, self-inflicted.
sjlvmordstank|e (-en, -ar), thought or intention of committing suicide,
  suicidal intent.
sjlvstndighet (-en), independence.
sjlvvald, self-chosen, voluntary.
sj (-n, -ar), lake, sea;
  till sjss, to sea; at sea.
sja|strand (-stranden, -strnder), seashore, lake shore.
sjfartstidning, maritime journal.
sjkonung (-en, -ar), seaking.
s.k. (s kallad), so-called.
skadlig, injurious, harmful, mischievous, pernicious, detrimental.
skaff|a (-ade, -at), to procure, get, secure, obtain; to be
    concerned with;
  intet att skaffa med, nothing to do with; no business with.
skak|a (-ade, -at), to shake, stir, quake; to shake down.
skal (-et, --), shell, covering, exterior, surface.
skald (-en, -er), poet, singer.
skaldebegvning (-en), poetic gift, literary talent.
skaldeindividualitet (-en, -er), poetic individuality.
skaldekall (-et), poetic calling.
skaldekynne (-t, -n), poetic temperament, make-up, character.
skaldem (-n, -r), Muse, goddess of song.
skalderykte (-t), poetic fame, reputation.
skaldeutveckling (-en), poetic development.
skaldeverksamhet (-en), poetic pursuits, poetic work.
skaldskap (-et), poetic production.
skalk|as (-ades, -ats), to play, sport, frolic; to trifle.
skall (pres. of skola), shall, will.
skallande, clanging, ringing.
skam (-men), shame, disgrace.
skandisk, Scandian, Scandinavian.
skap|a (-ade, -at), to create.
skapare (-n, --), creator, maker.
skapelse (-n, -r), creation, handiwork; work; composition; opus;
  world, universe.
skaplynne (-t, -n), nature, disposition, temperament.
skapnad (-en, -er), shape, form, figure.
skar|a (-an, -or), flock, group; party, company, assemblage.
skarp, sharp, bitter, harsh, severe; keen, acute.
skatt (-en, -er), treasure, wealth; tax.
skatt|a (-ade, -at), to pay tribute; to adjudge; to deem; to prize,
  value.
ske (-dde, -tt), to happen; to be rendered to; to be accorded, granted,
sked|a (-ade, -at), to test by chemical process.
sken (-et, --), light, shine, radiance, glare; sheen.
skepnad (-en, -er), shape, form, vision.
skepp (-et, --), ship, vessel.
skeppsbruten, shipwrecked.
skick (-et, --), order, custom, form, propriety, manners, behavior,
  deportment.
skicklighet (-en), skill, ability, talent, adroitness, aptitude,
  mastery, fitness, orderliness, propriety.
skift|a (-ade, -at), to vary, change.
skiftande, changeable, variable.
skifte (-t, -n), change, shift, mutation, vicissitude;
  phase, stage, turn.
skiftrik, changeable, varicolored.
skild, different, various.
skildr|a (-ade, -at), to depict, present, narrate, describe
skil|ja (-de, -t), to separate, part, sever; to distinguish.
skiljemynt (-et, --), change (money), small change.
skillnad (-en, -er), difference, distinction.
skim|mel (-meln, -lar), roan horse.
skim|mer (-ret), shimmer, gleam, sheen, luster.
skimr|a (-ade, -at), to shimmer, shine; to be radiant.
skina (sken, skinit), to shine, beam.
skingr|a (-ade, -at), to scatter, disperse.
skinn (-et, --), skin.
skiv|a (-an, -or), disc.
skjul (-et, --), shed.
skjuta (skt, skjutit), to shoot; to push:
  skjuta upp, fram, ut, to sprout, spring forth.
skjutgammal, old enough to be shot.
sko (-n, -r), shoe.
skog (-en, -ar), forest, wood.
skogsfru (-n), "The Lady of the Woods", a supernatural being supposed
  to inhabit the forest.
skogsvindsackord (-et, --), chord or harmony of woodland breezes.
skol|a (-an, -or), school; style, views (in art or literature).
skola (skulle, skolat), shall, will, to be about to, to be on the
  point of.
skolgng (-en), schooling.
skolstud|ium (-et, -er), study, academic course.
skoltid (-en), school years, time of attending school.
skon|a (-ade, -at), to save, preserve.
skratt (-et, --), laughter, laugh, merriment.
skratt|a (-ade, -at), to laugh;
  skratta t, to laugh at; to deride, ridicule.
skrev|a (-an, -or), crevice.
skri (-et, -na), shriek, scream, cry, moan.
skriande, calling, shrieking, crying.
skribler (-en or -n, -er), scribbler.
skrida (skred, skridit), to glide, travel, move slowly, pass by.
skrift (-en, -er), writing; (with or without cap.) Holy Writ; the
  Scriptures; work, literary production.
skriftstllare (-n, --), writer, author, litterateur.
skrik (-et, --), cry, shriek.
skrika (skrek, skrikit), to cry, shout, scream, exclaim;
  skrika till, to exclaim suddenly; to ejaculate.
skrin (-et, --), casket, box.
skriva (skrev, skrivit), to write; to compose.
skrivare (-n, --), clerk, scrivener.
skrivbord (-et, --), desk, writing table.
skrud (-en, -ar), robe, dress, garb, raiment, attire, esp. for festive
  or solemn occasions.
skrud|a (-ade, -at), to robe, garb, attire.
skrynklig, wrinkled, crumpled.
skryt (-et), boast.
skryta (skrt, skrutit), to boast, brag, vaunt.
skrl|a (-ade, -at), to bawl, roar; to howl, yell, clamor.
skrck (-en), terror, horror.
skr|da (-dde, -tt), to reject;
  skrda ord, to mince words.
skrll (-en, -ar), crash, stroke, clap.
skrm|ma (-de, -t), to frighten, terrify, intimidate;
  skrmma upp, to frighten, startle.
sku' (skola), shall, will.
skugg|a (-an, -or), shade, shadow; gloom; phantom.
skuggande, shady.
skuldr|a (-an, -or), shoulder.
skull|e (-en, -ar), haymow.
skum (-met), foam.
skum, gloomy, dark, blind.
skumm|a (-ade, -at), to foam, froth.
skummande, foaming, frothy.
skummig, foamy, frothy.
sky (-n, -ar), sky, cloud.
sky (-dde, -tt), to avoid, evade, detest.
skyddningsblick (-en, -ar), patronizing look.
skygd (-et, --), shelter, protection.
skyhg, sky high, lofty, towering.
skylt (-en, -ar), sign.
skym|ma (-de, -t), to darken, grow dusk.
skymning (-en), gloaming, dusk, nightfall, twilight.
skymningsslj|a  (-an, -or), veil of dusk, twilight shadows.
skymt (-en, -ar), glimpse, glint, gleam, trace, inkling.
skymt|a (-ade, -at), to flit; to pass quickly; to glance, glimpse.
skynd|a (-ade, -at), to hasten, hurry.
skd|a (-ade, -at), to view, spy, observe; to look, peer.
skdespelsutkast (-et, --), dramatic outline, plan or rough sketch
  for a drama.
skl (-en, -ar), bowl, dish; toast, health.
sklbr|d (-det, -- or -n), coffee bread, coffee cake; wheat rolls
  or biscuits shaped like bowls (Ekermann); large biscuits shaped
  in bowls (Schck).
sknsk, Scanian, of or pertaining to Skne.
skgg (-et, --), beard, whiskers.
skggls, beardless.
skl (-et, --), reason, cause, ground, motive, occasion, argument.
skll|a (-de, -t), to bark; to call names; to vilify, abuse, traduce,
  defame; to upbraid.
sklmsk, arch, cunning, sly, roguish, mischievous, tricksy.
sklva (sklvde or skalv, sklvt), to tremble, quake.
sklvande, vacillating, tremulous, wavering.
skm|mas (-des, -ts), to be ashamed;
  Skms! For shame! Shame on you!
skmt (-et, --), jest, wit, witticism.
skmt|a (ade, -at), to jest.
skmtlynne (-t, -n), jocularity, humor, jocoseness, fun, pleasantry,
  raillery.
sknk|a (-te, -t), to give, donate, present; to award, grant, accord;
    to render, lend; to devote;
  sknka i, to pour and offer (as wine).
skr (-et, --), skerry, reef.
skr, pure, clear, sheer; immaculate.
skr|a (-an, -or), sickle, crescent.
skra (skar, skurit), to cut, carve; to reap;
  skra fr, to carve at table;
  skra till i vxten, to exaggerate.
skr|a (-ade, -at), to shrive, purify.
skrpa (-n), sharpness, keenness, acuteness, harshness, bitterness,
  pungency, acrimony, acerbity, asperity, severity; sagacity, acumen.
skrp|a (-te, -t), to sharpen.
skrv|a (-an, -or), shard, fragment.
skld (-en, -ar), shield, buckler; arms, escutcheon.
skldemrke (-t, -n), escutcheon, arms.
sklj|a (-de, -t), to wash; to rinse; to flood, bathe;
  sklja bort, to sweep away.
skn, beautiful, charming, pretty, handsome, fine.
sknhet (-en, -er), beauty, charm, the beautiful.
sknhetskult (-en, -er), beauty cult.
sknhetsnjutning (-en), esthetic pleasure, enjoyment of beauty.
sknhetsrike (-t, -n), realm of beauty.
sknhetstrngtande, yearning for or aspiring to beauty.
sknlitterr, belletristic; of or pertaining to fine literature.
sknt, charmingly, beautifully, delightfully.
skrd (-en, -ar), harvest.
skt|a (-te, -t), to care for, attend; to minister to; to mind.
skte (-t, -n), lap, bosom; also skt.
skvl|a (-ade, -at), to lay waste, ruin, devastate.
slag (-et, --), stroke, blow;
  sl ett slag, to strike a telling blow;
  sl ett slag fr, to champion; to lead the fight for.
slaganfall (-et, --), apoplectic stroke.
slagflt (-et, --), battlefield.
slagregn (-et, --), heavy shower.
slakn|a (-ade, -at), to slacken; to grow limp.
slaktning (-en, -ar), carnage, battle.
slamr|a (-ade, -at), to rattle, clatter.
slant (-en, -ar), coin.
slapp, lax.
slav (-en, -ar), slave, serf.
slaveri (-et), slavery, servitude, thraldom.
slentrianmssig, conventionalized, conforming to routine.
slick|a (-ade, -at), to lick.
slik, such, such a.
sling|a (-an, -or), garland, festoon; coil, loop.
slippa (slapp, sluppit), to escape; to be excused, let off; to be spared;
  slippa fram, to pass, to be permitted to pass.
slit (-et), toil, moil, drudgery.
slita (slet, slitit), to tear, break, sever; to struggle;
  slita i tu, to tear asunder;
  slita ut, to wear out.
slitning (-en, -ar), dissension, disorder.
slockn|a (-ade, -at), to be extinguished, go out; to cease shining
  or burning.
slott (-et, --), palace, castle.
slummer (-n), slumber.
slump (-en), chance.
slumr|a (-ade, -at), to slumber, sleep.
slut (-et, --), end, close, upshot, finis;
  taga slut, to end, to be finished;
  till slut, at last.
slut|a (-ade, -at), to end; to finish; to close, stop.
sluta (slt, slutit), to close, shut, bar; to end, finish.
slutad, completed, ended, finished.
sluten, reticent.
slutligen, finally, at last, at length, eventually.
sl (slog, slagit), to strike, hit; to beat; to toss about;
    to strike down, slay; to throb; to throw;
  sl upp, to open; to look up;
  sl ihjl, to kill, strike down, slay;
  sl i jrn, to fetter, put in chains;
  sl sig igenom, to win out; to establish oneself; to achieve success;
  sl ut, to break out;
  sl bort, to dismiss from the mind, put away.
slende, striking, characteristic, forcible, impressive.
sln (-et or -en, --), sloe, blackthorn.
slss (slogs, slagits), to fight, struggle.
slck|a (-te, -t), to quench, extinguish, put out; to snuff out
  (as a candle).
slgg|a (-an, -or), sledge.
slkt (-en, -er), kindred, kin, relatives, relationship, family.
slkte (-t, -n), generation.
slp|a (-ade, -at), to drag.
sltt (-en, -er), plain.
slttlandskap (et, --), plain.
sljdans (-en, -ar, -er), dance of the veil.
smak (-en), taste; style; school (of literature).
smak|a (-ade, -at), to taste; to experience.
smakdomare (-n, --), critic, esthete.
smakriktning (-en, -ar), taste, style, manner; school.
smal, narrow, slender.
smed (-en, -er), smith.
smek (-et), caress, dalliance.
smek|a (-te, -t), to caress, fondle; to please.
smekande, caressing, gentle, mild.
smekning (-en, -ar), caress.
smickermun (-nen, -nar), flatterer.
smi|da (-dde, -tt), to fasten with chains; to fetter; to strike,
  hammer, forge.
smidig, supple, lithe, limber, agile.
smink (-et), rouge, cosmetic.
smitt|a (-an, -or), contagion, pest, pestilence.
smul|a (-an, -or), crumb, trifle; whit, bit, particle.
smultron (no sg.), strawberries.
smuts|a (-ade, -at), to soil, stain, muddy, defile.
smyck|a (-ade, -at), to adorn, decorate, embellish; to bedizen.
smyg (-en, -ar), recess, niche, corner, covert;
  i smyg, in secret, by stealth, furtively, clandestinely.
smyga (smg, smugit), to steal, slip, creep, sneak, slink; to smuggle;
  to place secretly.
sm (pl. of liten), small, little.
smningom, little by little, slowly, gradually, by slow degrees;
  eventually.
smtt, slightly, a trifle, somewhat.
smcker, of graceful form; slender.
smlta (smalt, smultit), to melt;
  smlta samman, to amalgamate, commingle.
smltande, melting, mellifluent, soft.
smrre (sm), smaller, lesser, inferior.
smrt, slender.
smrt|a (-an, -or), pain, suffering, pang, throe, hurt, grief,
  distress, affliction.
snabb, rapid, fleet, quick, fast.
snacksll, gossipy, talkative.
snar, quick, rapid; early; fast, fleet.
snar|a (-an, -or), snare, trap.
snark|a (-ade, -at), to snore.
snarligt, soon, shortly.
snart, soon, early, quickly, shortly.
snatt|a (-ade, -at), to pilfer.
snille (-t, -n), genius.
snillrik, ingenious.
snyft|a (-ade, -at), to sob.
snck|a (-an, -or), bark, skiff, shallop.
snll, good, kind, dutiful.
snllt, gracefully, daintily, rapidly.
snv, narrow.
sn (-n), snow.
snd, paltry, worthless, base, sordid, vile, mean.
sndropp|e (-en, -ar), snow-drop.
snfall (-et, --), snowfall.
snfjun (-et, --), snowflake, down or film of snow.
Snfrid, name of a fairy, fairy queen; Queen, Snow-white.
snig, snowy, snow-covered.
snrd, laced.
sock|en (-nen, -nar), parish.
sockenbo (-n, -r), parishioner.
sol (-en, -ar), sun, sunlight.
solbeglnst, sunlit, sunkissed.
solbrnd, sunburnt, tanned.
sold (-en), pay, employ.
soldatslkt (-en, -er), military family.
solglans (-en), sunlight, effulgence.
solig, sunny, sunshiny.
solljus (-et), sunlight, sunshine.
solskensglitt|er (-ret), glitter of sunlight.
solskenslyst, bright with sunshine, bathing or basking in the sun.
solskensstund (-en, -er), hour of sunshine, brightest time or period.
som, who, which, that, whom; as, like;
  efter som, in turn as.
som|mar (-maren, -marn, -rar), summer.
sommardag (-en, -ar), summer day.
sommardrm (-men, -mar), dream of summer.
sommarhg (-en), summery mood or disposition.
sommarkvll (-en, -ar), summer evening.
sommarskur (-en, -ar), summer shower.
sommarvind (-en, -ar), summer wind, breeze.
somn|a (-ade, -at), to fall asleep; to go to sleep.
son (sonen, sner), son.
sonett (-en, -er), sonnet.
soningsfull, poet., conciliatory; regularly, frsonande.
sop|a (-ade, -at), to sweep.
sopp|a (-an, -or), soup, broth, stew.
sopran (-en, -er), soprano.
sorg (-en, -er), sorrow, grief, care.
sorgdryck (-en), cup of sorrow, potion of grief.
sorgedok (-et, --), veil of mourning.
sorgeeld (-en), burning grief.
sorgeklagan, lamentation.
sorgesng (-en, -er), plaintive song, mournful lay, dirge.
sorgeton (-en, -er), plaint.
sorghus (-et, --), house of mourning; also sorgehus.
sorgls, carefree.
sorgsen, sad, mournful, woebegone.
sorl (-et, --), murmur; din.
sorl|a (-ade, -at), to murmur, purl, swirl.
sot (-et), soot.
sotad, sooty, blackened by smoke.
sova (sov, sovit), to sleep.
spann (-et, --), span; pair.
sparsam, meager, sparse, sparing.
sparv (-en, -ar), sparrow.
spatser|a (-ade, -at), to stroll, walk, promenade.
speg|el (-eln, -lar), mirror.
spegelklar, clear as a mirror, crystalline, pellucid.
spegl|a (-ade, -at), to mirror, reflect;
  spegla sig, to look in a mirror.
spej|a (-ade, -at), to spy; to look out (for);
  spejande, on the lookout.
spekulation (-en, -er), speculation.
spel|a (-ade, -at), to play; to perform music; to make melody;
  to be in action; to gush (as a fountain).
spel|man (-mannen, -mn), fiddler, musician.
spets (-en, -ar), point, tip, apex.
spett (-et, --), spit.
spinna (spann, spunnit), to spin.
spir|a (-an, -or), scepter.
spirituell, full of esprit, vivacious, vivid.
spis (-en), food.
spis (-en, -ar), hearth, fireplace; stove.
spis|el (-eln, -lar), hearth, fireside.
spiselflamm|a (-an, -or), hearth-flame.
spiselhll (-en, -n, -ar), hearthstone.
spjll (-et, --), damper.
split (-et), strife, disagreement, dissension.
sporr|a (-ade, -at), to spur, prod, urge, drive.
spov (-en, -ar), curlew.
sprakande, crackling.
spratt (-et, --), trick, prank, practical joke.
sprida (spred, spridit), to spread, extend, circulate.
spring|a (-an, -or), crack, chink, rift, cranny.
springa (sprang, sprungit), to spring; to run; to burst;
  springa opp, to burst open, to be thrown ajar; to open suddenly.
spritta (spratt, spruttit), to start, leap, jump;
  spritta till, to be suddenly startled.
sprut|a (-an, -or), fire engine, syringe, squirtgun.
sprut|a (-ade, -at), to spout, spray, sputter.
sprk (-et, --), language, speech, tongue; passage of Scripture.
sprkkonstnr (-en, -er), stylist, literary artist.
sprklig, linguistic.
sprkrensning (-en), purification of language; linguistic reform.
sprng (-et, --), jump, leap; race.
sprng|a (-de, -t), to burst, break; to disperse;
  sprnga in, to rush or break in;
  sprnga fram, to charge, rush forward.
sp (-dde, -tt), to tell fortunes; to practice sooth-saying; to predict.
spdd, having had something predicted of oneself.
spr (-et, --), track, trace, vestige; wake; footstep; mark.
spr|a (-ade, -at), to trace, track; to follow; to find traces.
spck|a (-ade, -at), to garnish, embellish, trim.
spd, tender, young, little, frail.
splt (-en), spelt, a variety of wheat.
spn|na (-de, -t), to bend, stretch, draw;
  spnna segel, to hoist (set) sail.
spnning (-en, -ar), excitement; strain.
sprr|a (-ade, -at), to bar; to separate.
sp (-t or -et, -n), rod, cane, wand, lash; stripe, stroke.
spklig, spklik, ghostlike, ghastly.
spr, old form of sprjer, learn, hear.
sprja (sporde, sport), to inquire, ask, question; to learn,
  be informed of.
sprjande, inquiring, questioning; puzzling, pondering, meditative.
stackars, poor, pity on, alas for.
stad (staden, stder), city, town.
stadd, being in the act of; engaged in.
stadga (-n), stability, steadiness, firmness;
  stadg|a (-an, -ar), statute, rule, regulation, law.
stadg|a (-ade, -at), to steady, fix; to establish; to settle.
stadig, steady, constant, continous, permanent.
stadigt, steadily, constantly.
stadi|um (-et, -er), stage; state, condition.
Staffan, Stephen.
stall (-et, --), stable.
stall(e)drng (-en, -ar), hostler, groom, stableman.
stam (-men, -mar), stem (of ship); trunk (of tree).
stam|fader (-fadern, -fder), ancestor.
stammande, stuttering, faltering.
stam|moder (-modern, -mdrar), mother, foremother.
stamp (-et), stamping, beating (of horses' hoofs).
stann|a (-ade, -at), to stop, stay, halt; to remain;
  stanna av, to stop, cease.
stark, strong, mighty; firm, substantial.
starklemmad, strong of limb, strong, robust.
stat (-en, -er), state.
station (-en, -er), station.
statskonst (-en), statesmanship.
statsrd (-et, --), councillor of state, king's councillor, cabinet
  officer, minister.
statssystem (-et, -- or -er), system of government.
statt (imperative of st), stand;
  Statt upp! Arise!
stav (-en, -ar), staff.
steg (-et, --), step, pace.
stek (-en, -ar), steak.
stek|as (-tes, -ts), to be roasted.
stel, stiff, lifeless, stale, rigid, stern, numb, formal.
stelnad, stagnated.
sten (-en, -ar), stone, rock, pebble.
stepp (-en, -er), steppe.
stift|a (-ade, -at), to enact, pass (a law); to organize, found,
  institute.
stig (-en, -ar), path, way, track, trail.
stiga (steg, stigit), to rise, mount; to amount to, aggregate, total;
  to step.
stil (-en, -ar), style, manner, order; type.
stilistisk, literary, stylistic.
stilla, still, silent, quiet, calm, peaceful; quietly, calmly,
  tranquilly, peacefully, silently.
still|a (-ade, -at), to calm, still, stop, subdue, appease; to relieve,
    alleviate, lighten;
  stillas, to be stilled; to grow calm.
stillhet (-en), stillness, quietude.
stirr|a (-ade, -at), to stare.
stjla (stal, stulit), to steal; to go stealthily, sneak; to pilfer,
  filch.
stjlp|a (-te, -t), to overturn; to topple over.
stjrn|a (-an, -or), star; order, decoration.
stjrne|natt (-natten, -ntter), starry night.
stjrnerik, starry, star-spangled, studded with stars.
stjrnhim|mel (-meln, -lar), starry heaven, starlit firmament.
stjrnmusik (-en), music of the spheres.
stjrnstrdd, studded or beset with stars.
stjrnvalv (-et, --), firmament, starry vault, welkin.
sto (-et, -n), mare.
stock (-en, -ar), stock;
  stock och sten or sten och stock, stock and stone.
Stockholmsposten, The Stockholm Post.
stocklat, utterly lazy.
stod (-en, -er), statue, monument; pillar, column.
stoffering (-en, -ar), trimming; rigging; ruching.
stoft (-et), dust, clay, ashes, earth;
  i stoftet, prone, prostrate, abjectly.
stoftgrand (-et, --), speck of dust, atom, mote, particle.
stoj (-et), noise, row, hubbub, uproar, tumult.
stoj|a (-ade, -at), to make a noise; to be noisy, boisterous;
  to cause a disturbance.
stol (-en, -ar), chair, bench, stool, pew.
stolt, proud, elated, haughty.
stoppad, wadded.
stor, great, large, grand.
storhet (-en, -er), greatness, grandeur, vastness, magnitude.
storhetsdrm (-men, -mar), dream of greatness, ambition.
storm (-en, -ar), storm, stress, tempest.
storm|a (-ade, -at), to storm; to rage, bluster, blow.
stor|man (-mannen, -mn), great man, notable, celebrity.
storslagen, grand, lofty.
stort, much;
  ej stort mer, not much more.
strackl|a (-ade, -at), dial., to wobble, or shift from side to side.
  Cf. Sw. streta; Dial. Eng., strackling, giddy, shiftless person.
straff (-et, --), punishment, penalty.
strafflst, without punishment; with impunity.
stram, stale, stiff, strained.
strand (stranden, strnder), shore, strand; coast.
strand|a (-ade, -at), to run aground, go on the rocks; to be beached,
  stranded.
strax, at once, immediately, instantly.
stret|a (-ade, -at), to struggle, stagger on, toil.
strid (-en, -er), strife, struggle, discord, battle, warfare.
strid, violent, strong, coarse.
strida (stred, stridit), to fight, strive, battle, struggle;
  strida mot, to oppose; to conflict with.
stridbar, able-bodied, aggressive; warlike, fit for military service.
stridsstt (-et, --), manner or method of fighting, mode of controversy.
strimm|a (-an, -or), streak, beam, ray.
strimm|a (-ade, -at), to beam.
strofbyggnad (-en), verse structure, stanza formation.
strofvis, a stanza in turn, by stanzas.
struken, ironed, smooth.
strunt (-en), sorry old wreck, good for nothing, worthless fellow,
  ne'er-do-well.
struv|a (-an, -or), fritter.
stryka (strk, strukit), to strike; to smooth, iron; to cross out.
strl|a (-ade, -at), to beam, shine, blaze.
strlande, beaming, lustrous, radiant.
strl|e (-en, -ar), beam, ray.
strlig, radiant.
strck|a (-te, -t), to stretch, expand, extend; to augment; to direct.
strng (-en, -ar), string.
strng, severe, harsh, hard, onerous, strenuous, heavy, stern,
  relentless.
strngad, stringed.
strngalek (-en), minstrelsy.
strngaspel (-et, --), string music; strain from a stringed instrument.
strngt, severely, harshly.
strv|a (-ade, -at), to strive, struggle, labor, toil,
strvsam, diligent, laborious, irksiome, toilsome;
  strvsamt, wearily, diligently.
str (-dde, -tt), to scatter, strew.
strm (-men, -mar), stream, river.
strmm|a (-ade, -at), to flow, stream, rush.
strmning (-en, -ar), trend, tendency, drift.
strv|a (-ade, -at), to roam, stray.
strvtg (-et, --), ramble.
stubb|e (-en, -ar), stump.
student (-en, -er), college graduate; student.
studentexam|en (-en, pl. -ina), college graduation.
studentfan|a (-an, -or), students' flag, college or university flag.
studentfest (-en, -er), celebration, demonstration or festival by
  students.
studer|a (-ade, -at), to study.
studerande (-n, --), student.
studier (-et, --), year of study, school year.
studi|um (-et, -er), study.
stug|a (-an, -or), cottage, dwelling; living room.
stum, dumb, mute, silent.
stumhet (-en), silence, dumbness.
stund (-en, -er), moment, hour, while.
stundom, at times, sometimes, now and then.
stup|a (-ade, -at), to fall, die (in battle).
stut (-en, -ar), steer.
styck|a (-ade, -at), to apportion, divide, partition.
stygg, evil, grewsome.
styng (-et, --), stitch.
Styx (Stygen), Styx, the River of Death.
styrk|a (-an, -or), strength, force, power, might; pl., military forces.
styrk|a (-te, -t), to strengthen, reinforce, brace.
st (stod, sttt), to stand; to be; to take place; to stand still;
  to be stagnant.
stl (-et), steel.
stnd (-et, --), standing, order, condition, state, effect;
  komma till stnd, to be accomplished, effected, realized, completed,
    established; to take place; to go into effect.
stndaktighet (-en), constancy, steadfastness, firmness.
stndpunkt (-en, -er), standpoint, point of view.
sttlig, stately, splendid, excellent; pompous, grand, grandiloquent,
  lofty.
sttlighet (-en, -er), pomp, display, parade, splendor, show.
stdad, neat, prim, proper, decent.
stads, stdse, always, ever, constantly, continually.
stll|a (-de, -t), to place, put; to raise;
  stlla sig, to stand, take a position;
  stlla till (tillstlla), to arrange, contrive, plan.
stllning (-en, -ar), position, attitude; place, situation.
stmd, keyed, attuned.
stmm|a (-an, -or), voice, tone.
stmning (-en, -ar), tone, atmosphere, mood; temper.
stmningsfullhet (-en), sentimentality.
stmp|el (-eln, -lar), stamp, mark, impress.
stmpling (-en, -ar), usually pl., plot, intrigues, conspiracy;
  sg., stamping, marking.
stndig, constant, perpetual, continuous, permanent.
stndigt, always, ever, constantly.
stng|a (-de, -t), to shut, close, lock, bar.
stngs|el (-let, --), enclosure.
stnk (-et, --), spray, splash.
stv (-en, -ar), prow.
std (-et, --), support, prop, stay.
stdd, leaning, supported.
st|dja (-dde, -tt), to support, brace;
  stdja sig, to lean, depend.
stk (-et), stir, bustle.
str|a (-de, -t), to disturb, annoy; to interfere with; to interrupt.
strt|a (-ade, -at), to throw (down); to precipitate; to thrust;
  to rush, leap, bound; to fall, tumble.
stt|a (-te, -t), to push; to stamp, so as to be hard to ride
    (as horses);
  stta fram, to utter forcibly;
  stta i basun, to blow the trumpet.
subjektiv, subjective.
subjektivitet (-en), subjectiveness, subjectivity.
sublim, sublime.
suck (-en, -ar), sigh, breath.
suck|a (-ade, -at), to sigh, sough; to long, yearn.
suckan, sighing, agony.
suga (sg, sugit), to suck, draw.
suggestiv, suggestive,
summ|a (-an, -or), sum.
sund, sound, healthy.
sundhet (-en), health; soundness.
supplikant (-en, -er), supplicant, applicant, suppliant.
surr|a (-ade, -at), to hum, whir, buzz.
surgd, blear-eyed, dimsighted.
sus (-et), murmur, rustle, whisper, moan, wail, whir, whistle, whiz.
sus|a (-ade, -at), to blow; to moan, murmur, sough, whisper; to rush.
suvernitet (-en), sovereignty.
svag, weak, feeble; svagt, scantily, meagerly.
svaghet (-en, -er), weakness, frailty, shortcoming.
sval, cool.
sval|a (-an, -or), swallow, marten.
svala (svalka), to cool.
svalbo (-et, -n), swallow's nest.
svalka (-n), coolness.
svalk|a (-ade, -at), to cool;
  svalkas, to turn cool; to grow cool;
  d dagen svalkas, at the approach of evening, at eventide.
svall (-et), surge, roar, rush.
svallande, surging, tossing.
svan (-en, -ar, -er, -or), swan.
svans (-en, -ar), tail.
Svanvit, lit., Swanwhite, a mythical character recurring in romantic
    poetry;
  svanvit, white as swan's-down.
svar (-et, --), answer, reply, response; solution.
svar|a (-ade, -at), to answer, respond; to echo.
svart, black, dark.
svartalf (-en, -er), dark elf.
svarv|a (-ade, -at), to turn; to mold, shape, form.
Svea, traditional and poetic name for Sweden.
svedenborgsk, Swedenborgian.
svek (-et, --), perfidy, treachery, deceit.
sven (-nen, -ner), swain, lad, boy.
svensk (-en, -ar), Swede.
svensk, Swedish.
svenska (-n), Swedish, the Swedish language.
svensk|a (-an, -or), Swedish girl or woman.
svep|a (-te, -t), to wrap.
Sverge, (Sverige), Sweden.
svett (-en), sweat, perspiration.
svida (sved, svidit), to smart, pain, hurt, ache.
svika (svek, svikit), to betray, disappoint; to fall short of; to fail.
svin (-et, --), hog, swine, pig.
sving|a (-ade, -at), to hover.
svinna (svann, svunnit), to disappear, pass;
  poet. for frsvinna.
svg|er (-ern, -rar), brother in-law.
svr, heavy, severe, burdensome, difficult, painful, bad, ill.
svrighet (-en, -er), difficulty, hardship.
svrmod (-et), melancholy.
svrmodslut|a (-an, -or), lute of melancholy.
svrt, difficult, hard.
svrtillgnglig, difficult of access, inaccessible.
svlja (svljde or svalde, svalt), to swallow; to gulp down.
svll|a (-de, -t), to swell, expand.
svlt (-en), starvation, hunger, famine.
svl|ta (-te, -t; svalt, svultit), to starve, famish.
svng|a (-de, -t), to swing, revolve;
  svnga sig, to bustle around; to flaunt oneself.
svrd (-et, --), sword.
svrja, svra (svor, svurit), to swear, curse; to take oath.
svrm|a (-ade, -at), to play, swarm; to muse, dream; to give free reins
  to one's fancy.
svrmare (-n, --), visionary, fanatic, dreamer.
svrmisk, romantic, dreamy, fanciful, extravagant, visionary, fanatical,
  whimsical.
svv|a (-ade, -at), to hover, soar, float, flit, flutter, hang;
  to glide; to fluctuate, waver.
sydlig, southern, southerly.
syft|a (-ade, -at), to aim at; to aspire to; to strive for;
  to have reference to.
symaskin (-en, -er), sewing machine.
sympati (-en, -er), sympathy.
syn (-en, -er), sight, view, apparition; vision, eyesight.
syn|a (-ade, -at), to examine, view; to search for.
syn|as (-tes, -ts), to be visible, seen; to come into view, appear;
  to seem.
synd (-en, -er), sin, offence, trespass, iniquity, evil.
syndig, sinful.
synnerligen, particularly, very, notably, highly, peculiarly.
syskon, brothers and sisters.
syskonring (-en, -ar), circle of brothers and sisters, family circle.
syssl|a (-an, -or), office, position; task, duty, work, charge,
  business; house work, chores.
syssl|a (-ade, -at), to be busy, occupied, absorbed; to be at work.
syst|er (-ern, -rar), sister.
s, so, thus; then;
  s ... som, as well ... as.
s (-dde, -tt), to sow, plant, scatter.
sdan, such.
slunda, thus.
sng (-en, -er), song, lay, chant; poem; poetry.
sngare (-n, --), singer, poet, bard.
sngardrag (-et, --), mark of the singer, stamp of the poet.
sngar|fader (-fadern, -fder), father of song, ancient singer,
  poet of a former period.
sngargratie (-n, -r), Muse.
sngargud (-en, -ar), god of song.
sngarkung (-en, -ar), king of singers, poets; bard supreme; chief poet.
sngarrad (-en, -er), array of singers.
sngarskol|a (-an, -or), literary school.
sngartemp|el (-let, --), hall of song.
sngartid (-en, -er), epoch of song, literary period.
sangarund|er (-ret, --), wonders of song.
snggudinn|a (-an, -or), Muse.
sngm (-n, -r), Muse.
sr (-et, --), sore, wound, pain, injury.
sr|a (-ade, -at), to wound; to inflict pain; to aggrieve, injure, hurt.
ssom, as, like, thus, for instance.
svl, as well, both,
  svl ... som, as well ... as, both ... and.
sck (-en, -ar), sack, bag.
sd (-en), seed, grain.
sga (sade, sagt), to say, speak; to pronounce.
sg|en (-nen, -ner), legend, tale, fairy tale.
sker, safe, sure, secure, certain.
skerligen, surely, undoubtedly, indeed.
skert, securely; certainly, indeed;
  helt skert, doubtless.
slja (slde, slt), to sell; to barter.
sll, happy, blessed.
sllan, seldom, rarely.
sllhet (-en), happiness, joy, bliss, felicity.
sllskap (-et, --), fellowship, companionship, company; society.
sllskapsdam (-en, -er), lady companion.
sllskapsliv (-et), social life, society.
sllskapstvng (-et), conventionality.
sllspord, rare, exceptional, unusual, signal, uncommon, extraordinary.
sllsynt, rare, uncommon, exceptional, unusual.
smre, worse.
sn|da (-de, -t), to send.
sndebud (-et, --), messenger.
sng (-en, -ar), bed;
  till sngs, abed, in bed, to bed;
  g till sngs, to go to bed, retire.
snk|a (-te, -t), to lower; to sink; to steep; to subdue, soften,
    silence (a voice, sound);
  snka fanan, to present the flag.
srskild, particular, special, distinct;
srskilt, especially.
srskil|ja (-de, -t), to distinguish.
stt (-et, --), manner, wise; habit.
stta (satte, satt), to set, put, place;
  stta ord till, furnish text for;
  stta sig, to sit down.
sv (-en), reed, rush, sedge.
svligt, leisurely, slowly, lazily.
sder, south, southward;
  p Sder, on the south side in Stockholm;
  mot sder, to or toward the south, southward;
  sdern, the South.
sk|a (-te, -t), to seek, reach; to try, attempt, endeavor;
  skt, sought for.
skande (-t), searching, research, investigation.
sl|a (-ade, -at), to delay; to fall behind.
sm (-men, -mar), seam.
smn (-en), sleep;
  till smns, to sleep;
  i smn, asleep.
smnigt, sleepily.
smnsjuk, drowsy, lethargic.
snder, asunder, to pieces; broken.
snderbrusten, riven, torn.
snderbruten, broken, shattered.
sndersprungen, broken, shattered, sundered.
srj|a (-de, -t), to mourn, sorrow, grieve; to bemoan;
  srja fr, to care for; to take trouble or pains for;
    to have charge of.
st, sweet;
  sova stt, to sleep peacefully.
sv|a (-de, -t), to lull to rest, put to sleep; to silence.

T.

tack (-et or -en), thanks, gratitude.
tack|a (-an, -or), sheep (female); ewe.
tacksam, thankful, grateful.
tadelpil (-en, -ar), arrow or shaft of blame, censure; caviling,
  faultfinding.
tag (-et, --), hold, grasp.
taga (tog, tagit), to take; to assume; to earn, acquire; to pass
    (in a test);
  taga graden, to be promoted;
  taga livet av sig, to take one's own life, to commit suicide;
  taga i ansprk, to occupy; to claim, demand, lay claim to.
tagg (-en, -ar), thorn, spine.
tak (-et, --), roof; ceiling.
taklist (-en, -er), eaves.
takt (-en, -er), beat;
  sl takt, beat time;
  sl i takt med, beat or throb in unison with, in sympathy with.
tal (-et, --), number; -talet, as ttiotalet, 1840-talet, the eighties,
  the forties of the last century.
tal (-et, --), speech, address; conversation.
talangfull, talented, accomplished.
talarstol (-en, -ar), platform.
tale|man (-mannen, -mn), spokesman.
talgljus (-et, --), tallow candle.
Talia, Thalia, Muse of comedy and bucolic poetry.
Talis Qualis, pen name of K.V.A. Strandberg.
tall (-en, -ar), pine.
tallrik (-en, -ar), plate.
talmansbord (-et, --), speaker's desk, chairman's table.
tamburin (-en, -er), tambourine.
tand (-en, tnder), tooth; tndren, archaic def. pl. for tnderna.
tank|e (-en, -ar), thought, idea; reflection, mind, conception, notion;
  reason; meditation.
tankefrihet (-en), freedom of thought.
tankeinnehll (-et), content, thought content.
tankeklarhet (-en), clearness of thought, clear thinking.
tankerik, full of thought, pregnant, profound.
tankespel (-et, --), play of fancy, reveries, contemplations.
tankfull, thoughtful, pensive.
tapper, brave, valiant, heroic, courageous.
tarv|a (-ade, -at), to need;
  det tarvas, it behooves, there is need of.
tass (-en, -ar), paw.
tavl|a (-an, -or), picture, view, prospect; tablet.
te (-dde, -tt), to appear; to manifest, disclose.
teck|en (-net, --), sign, symbol, mark, token.
teckn|a (-ade, -at), to sketch, write; to give a sign;
  teckna upp (uppteckna), to note, jot down, record.
teckning (-en, -ar), figure, image, picture, drawing.
teknisk, technical.
Temistokles, Themistocles, Athenian general and statesman.
temp|el (-let, --), temple, fane, shrine.
tempelkull|e (-en, -ar), templed hill.
tempelsmyckad, adorned with or surrounded by temples.
tenor (-en, -er), tenor.
terrin (-en, -er), terrine, tureen.
t. ex. (till exempel), for example, for instance.
text (-en, -er), text.
text|a (-ade, -at), to write text-hand, to engross.
then, old Sw. for den, the.
tid (-en, -er), time, period, times, age, era.
tidevarv (-et, --), age, epoch, period.
tidig, early.
tidigt, early.
tidning (-en, -ar), newspaper, journal, periodical.
tidsfrdriv (-et, --), pastime, pleasure, recreation.
tidskrift (-en, -er), periodical; journal; magazine.
tidsdande, wasteful, time-killing.
tidtals, at times, at intervals.
tiga (teg, tegat), to be silent; to keep quiet; to keep one's peace;
    to stop speaking;
  tiga stilla, to keep quiet; to maintain silence.
tiggare (-n, --), beggar, mendicant.
tilj|a (-an, -or), board.
till, to, into, of, for, unto, as to, toward;
  till dess, until;
  till och med, even; to and including.
tillbaka, back, backward.
tillbakadragenhet (-en), retirement.
till|be, till|bedja (-bad, bett, -bedit), to adore, worship.
tilldragelse (-n, -r), episode, event, occasion.
tillfreds, satisfied.
tillfredsstll|a (-de, -t), to satisfy.
tillfredsstllande, adequate, satisfactory.
tillfyllest, fully, adequately, sufficiently, enough.
tillflle (-t, -n), opportunity, chance, occasion, event.
tillfllig, temporary, accidental.
tillfrsikt (-en), assurance, confidence.
till|g (-gick, -gtt), to transpire, happen.
tillhopa, together.
tillhr|a (-de, -t), hra till, to belong to; to be part of or member
  of; to appertain to.
tillit (-en), confidence, trust, assurance.
tillkmp|a (-ade, -at) sig, to acquire, earn; to fight or strive for.
tillreds, prepared, ready.
tillrcklig, sufficient, ample.
tills, until.
tillsamman(s), together.
tillsats (-en, -er), admixture, addition, ingredient.
tillslutning (-en), participation, attendance.
tilltagande, increasing, ag-gravated.
tilltalande, appealing, attractive, sympathetic.
tilltr|da (-dde, -tt), to enter upon; to accept, assume.
til|lgga (-lade, -lagt), to add, subjoin.
timm|a or -e (-an, -en, -ar), hour.
ting, (-et, --), thing, object; tingen, creation.
ting, thing, court;
  Svea ting, the national thing or assembly of the Svea realm.
tinn|e (-en, -ar), pinnacle.
tinning (-en, -ar), temple, forehead.
tio, ten.
tionde (-t, -n), tithe, tenth.
tiotal (-et), decade.
Tiresias, a seer of ancient Thebes, struck blind by the goddess Athena.
tist|el (-eln, -lar), thistle.
tit|el (-eln, -lar), title, caption, heading.
titt|a (-ade, -at), to peer, look, pry, leer.
tjock, thick, dense.
tjugo, tjugu, twenty; sometimes tjuge.
tjugoett, twenty-one.
tjugonde, twentieth.
tjugorig, twenty years old.
tjugosexrig, twenty-six years old; at the age of twenty-six.
tjus|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to charm, enchant, enrapture,
  captivate, delight.
tjuv (-en, -ar), thief.
tjll (-et, --), dwelling, hut, cot; tent.
tjn|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to serve; to work out (as a servant).
tjnare (-n, --), servant.
tjnlig, serviceable, useful, fitting.
tjnst (-en, -er), service.
tjnste|man (-mannen, -mn), official.
tjnst|gra (-gjorde, -gjort), to serve; to hold office.
tjrn (-en, -ar), tarn, woodland pool.
toft (-en, -er), thwart.
tok (-en, -ar), fool, dolt, idiot, dunce.
tolk (-en, -ar), interpreter.
tolk|a (-ade, -at), to interpret, render, translate; to explain.
tolv, twelve.
tom, empty, vacant.
tomhet (-en), emptiness, void, vacancy.
tomt|e (-en, -ar), brownie.
tomtegubb|e (-en, -ar), brownie.
ton (-en, -er), tone, note, sound, tune; song; taste, style, trend;
  god ton, good taste, propriety.
ton|a (-ade, -at), to sound.
tonkonst (-en), musical composition, art of music.
tonvrld (-en, -ar), world of tone, music.
topp (-en, -ar), top, crown (of a tree); summit.
torde (tr), might.
torftig, frugal, simple, plain; needy, indigent, scanty;
  i torftiga omstndigheter, in narrow circumstances; in need.
torg (-et, --), market square, public square.
tork|a (-ade, -at), to dry; to wipe.
torn (-et, --), tower, steeple.
torr, dry.
trakt (-en, -er), region, locality, place, neighborhood.
trall (-en, -ar), simple tune, ditty, refrain, falderal.
tramp (-et), tramping, stamping (as of horses).
tramp|a (-ade, -at), to tread, trample.
tran|a (-an, -or), crane.
trapp|a (-an, -or), stair, stairway, doorsteps.
trasig, ragged.
trast (-en, -ar), thrush.
trav|e (-en, -ar), heap, pile; stack, shock.
tre, three.
trefalt, threefold, thrice.
trettio (tretti), thirty.
tretton, thirteen.
tripp|a (-ade, -at), to trip; to move lightly about.
triv|as (-des, -ts), to thrive, be comfortable; to fare well.
tro (-n), trust, faith, belief, conviction.
tro (-dde, -tt), to believe, trust, fancy, imagine, think.
trofast, faithful, constant.
trog|en (-et, -na), faithful;
  troget, faithfully, constantly;
  trogna, believers.
trohet (-en), faithfulness, constancy, fidelity, loyalty.
troll (-et, --), trull, hag, goblin, ogre.
trollstav (-en, -ar), magic rod.
trolov|a (-ade, -at), to plight troth; to engage oneself or became
  engaged; to affiance.
trolovningstid (-en, -er), time of plighting troth; period of betrothal.
trols, faithless, treacherous.
tron (-en, -er), throne.
tropp, trupp (-en, -ar, -er), troop.
trots, despite, in spite of.
trugning (-en, -ar), urging, insistent offer.
trumm|a (-an, -or), drum.
trummare (-n, --), drummer.
trumpen, surly, moody, sullen, disconsolate.
tryck|a (-te, -t), to press; to impress, imprint; to print.
tryckande, oppressive, heavy, pressing.
tryckfrihetstal (-et, --), indictment under the press law;
  action for libel.
trygg, safe, secure; tranquil, cool.
trygg|a (-ade, -at), to secure; to make safe;
  tryggad, comfortable.
tryta (trt, trutit), to fall short; to be lacking; to want.
tr (-dde, -tt), to yearn;
  trs, to be coveted;
  commonly, tr, trs.
trn|a (-ade, -at), to yearn.
trnad (-en), longing, yearning.
trng, narrow, strait, limited; cramped, crowded; small.
trngml (-et, --), distress, straits, dire necessity.
trnsjuk, pensive, languid, melancholy.
trd (-et, -- or trn), tree.
tr|da (-dde, -tt), to step, tread, walk, go, pass;
  trda fram, to step forth, to advance.
tr|da (-dde, -tt), to thread.
trdgrd (-en, -ar), garden, orchard.
trff|a (-ade, -at), to strike; to hit upon; to find by chance;
  to meet; to befall.
trffande, striking.
trgen, diligent, intense; absorbing; steady.
trl (-en, -ar), slave, thrall.
trldom (-en), slavery, servitude.
trldomsok (-et, --), yoke of servitude.
trng|a (-de, -t), to force, press, push;
  trnga genom, to penetrate.
trng|as (-des, -ts), to crowd; to jostle one another.
trngtja (-ade, -at), to yearn, long; to seek anxiously.
trngtan, yearning, aspiration, fervid longing.
trg, slow, tardy, dull, heavy, backward, listless; sluggish, lax,
  slack, lazy.
trgvxt, of slow growth.
trsk|el (-eln, -lar), threshold.
trst|a (-ade, -at), to comfort, console.
trstersk|a (-an, -or), comforter.
trstlig, comforting.
trtt, tried, weary, exhausted.
trtt|a (-ade, -at), to weary; to make tired.
trttande, tiring, tiresome, wearisome.
tu, two;
  i tu or itu, in two, asunder.
tukt (-en), discipline.
tuktan, punishment, chastisement.
tuml|a (-ade, -at), to tumble, gambol, play, frolic, frisk; to fall;
  tumla sig, to roll around.
tumm|a (-ade, -at), to thumb, finger, handle.
tung, heavy, irksome, arduous, laborious; cumbersome, unwieldy,
  uncouth; severe.
tung|a (-an, -or), tongue, speech, language.
tungoml (-et, ---), speech, tongue, language.
tungsint, melancholy, gloomy.
tungt, heavily, deeply, profoundly.
tupp (-en, -ar), cockerel, rooster.
turturduva (-an, -or), turtledove.
turturfjd|er (-ern, -rar), feather of the turtledove.
tusen, tusen|de (-det, -- or -den), thousand.
tusenskn|a (-an, -or), daisy (bellis perennis); English daisy;
  also tusenskn.
tusental (-et, --), thousand;
  tusentals (mnniskor), thousands.
tusenrig, a thousand years old, millennial.
tuv|a (-an, -or), turf, sod, little knoll.
tvekan, hesitation; doubt, misgiving.
tvenne, two, twain.
tvin|a (-ade, -at), to fade, pale, wither; to grow wan.
tvungen, compelled, forced.
tv, two.
tv (tvdde, tvagit or tvtt), to wash, cleanse.
tvng (-et), restraint, check, trammel, stress, compulsion,
  coercion, constraint, pressure.
tvtt|a (-ade, -at), to wash, lave; to cleanse.
ty, for, therefore.
tyck|a (-te, -t), to think; to opine; to argue; to say, as,
  tyckte de, said they.
tyck|as (-tes, -te), to seem, appear.
tydlig, plain, evident, manifest, clear.
tyg|el (-eln, -lar), rein, check, bridle, curb.
tygl|a (-ade, -at), to bridle, curb; to control, direct.
tympanon, tympanum, tympanon, ancient Greek kettledrum.
tyn|a (-ade, -at), to wane; to go out (as a light).
typ (-en, -er), type, exemplar.
tyrteisk, Tyrtan, in the manner of Tyrtus, a martial and patriotic
  poet of Sparta.
tyska (-n), German, the German language.
Tyskland, Germany.
tyst, quiet, silent, unobtrusive;
  i det tysta, in obscurity, in private.
tysthet (-en), silence, quietude.
tystn|a (-ade, -at), to grow silent; to be silenced, become mute.
tystnad (-en), silence.
tyvrr, unfortunately, alas.
t (-n, -r), toe;
  p t, on tip-toe.
tl|a (-de, -t), to brook; to endure, tolerate, suffer, bear, stand;
  to put up with.
tlamod (-et), patience.
tr (-en, -ar), tear.
trad, tearful.
trt|a (-an, -or), cake, tart.
tck, pretty, handsome, fair, sweet.
tck|as (-tes, -ts), to deign, condescend.
tckhet (-en), charm, sweetness, prettiness, daintiness, beauty.
tlj|a (-de, -t, talde, talt), to tell, recount; to count.
tlj|a (-de, -t), to cut, whittle.
tlt (-et, --), tent, shelter.
tn|da (-de, -t), to kindle, light, ignite; to inflame.
tnk|a (-te, -t), to think; to suppose, imagine, fancy.
tnkare (-n, --), thinker; philosopher.
tr|a (-de, -t), to consume; to prey on; to corrode.
trn|a (-an, -or), maiden, lass, lassie, maid.
trningskast (-et, --), throw of dice, cast of the die.
tt, frequent, repeated; close, dense, thick.
ttt, closely.
tvling (-en, -ar), competition; contest, rivalry.
tck|en (-net, --), haze, mist.
tcknig, hazy, dim, foggy.
tl|as (-ades, -ats), provincial for tlas, to stand, tolerate,
  put up with, have patience with.
tlpig, awkward, boorish, churlish.
tm (-men, -mar), rein.
tm|ma (-de, -t), to empty; to pour (out or forth); to drain, quaff.
tr (torde), may, might; aux. v. with the force of perhaps, possibly,
  maybe.
tras (tordes, torts), to dare; to venture.
trne (-t, -n), thorn, brier.
trnros (-en, -or), rose, brier rose.
trst|a (-ade, -at), to thirst.
trstig, thirsty.

U.

udd|e (-en, -ar), point, cape, headland.
uddig, pointed, incisive, keen, sharp.
Ulrik, Ulric.
Ulrika, Ulrica.
um|bra (-bar, -burit), to do without, dispense with.
umgnge (-t), associates, circle of friends.
undangmd, secluded, hidden, sequestered, obscure; concealed.
undantag (-et, --), exception.
undantagsvis, exceptionally, occasionally, sporadically, in rare
  instances.
und|er (-ret, --), wonder, miracle.
under, under, beneath.
underbar, marvelous, wonderful, miraculous.
underdn-hjrtligt, humbly, cordially.
underdnig, humble, submissive.
undergivenhet (-en), submission, humility, resignation.
underjord (-en), lower regions, abyss, inferno.
underkuvad, conquered, subject.
underlig, peculiar.
underrttelse (-n, -r), notice, information.
underskn, exquisite, beautiful beyond conception.
understundom (stundom), sometimes, now and then, occasionally.
underst|e (-en, -ar), subject.
undervisning (-en), instruction, tutoring.
undervisningsfond (-en, -er), education fund.
undr|a (-ade, -at), to wonder, marvel.
ung, young; tender.
ungdom (-en, -ar), youth.
ungdomlig, youthful.
ungdomsbrunn (-en, -ar), wellspring of youth.
ungdomsfrisk, youthful, exuberant.
ungdomsgldje (-n), joy of youth, youthful pleasure.
ungdomshopp (-et), youthful hope, ambition.
ungdomsvn (-nen, -ner), friends of one's youth, childhood friends.
ungdomslskade, sweetheart from youth.
ung|e (-en, -ar), youngster, urchin; young (ones).
ungefr, about, approximately, thereabout, nearly.
ungm (-n, -r), maiden.
universitet (-et, --), university.
universitetsstudi|um (-et, -er), university study or course.
unn|a (-ade, -at), to grant, allow, concede.
uns (-et, --), ounce.
upp (opp), up, upward.
uppbloss|a (-ade, -at), to flare up; to break out (of fire).
uppbrott (-et, --), departure, decampment.
uppburen, esteemed, honored, exalted.
uppbd (-et, --), call; spec., call to arms.
uppe|hlla (-hll, -hllit), to maintain, support;
  uppehlla sig, to stay, remain.
uppehlle (-t), support, livelihood, living.
uppenbar|a (-ade, -at), to manifest, show.
uppfattning (-en, -ar), conception; understanding.
uppfostran, education, bringing up, breeding, rearing.
uppfrisk|a (-ade, -at), to refresh, revivify, quicken, enliven.
uppfylld, filled.
upp|giva (-gav, -givit), to give up, surrender; to state; to allege.
upphv|a (-de, -t), to annul, cancel, rescind.
upphj|a (-de, -t), to exalt, elevate, raise.
upphr|a (-de, -t), to close, stop, discontinue, quit, leave off.
upplysningsfilosofi (-en), philosophy of the Era of Illumination.
upplysningstid (-en), Era of Illumination.
upplysningstidevarv (-et, --), Era of Illumination.
uppls|a (-te, -t), to dissolve, transform, change.
uppmuntran, encouragement.
uppmrksam, attentive, alert; cognizant;
  bliva uppmrksam (-mad) p, to have one's attention called to;
    to take notice of; to be cognizant of.
uppmrksamhet (-en), attention, notice.
uppn (-dde, -tt), to attain, reach, realize; to gain.
upprep|a (-ade, -at), to repeat, recount;
  rarely, repa upp.
upprtt, upright; staunch.
uppsats (-en, -er), essay, article.
uppskatt|a (-ade, -at), to value, appreciate.
upp|skjuta (-skt, -skjutit), to postpone, defer, put off; to delay.
uppsluppen, hilarious, good-natured, jolly.
upp|st (-stod, -sttt), to rise, arise.
uppsyn (-en), visage, face, features.
upp|taga (-tog, -tagit), to adopt, take up; to occupy; to absorb.
uppteckn|a (-ade, -at), to make note of, jot down, record.
upptr|da (-dde, -tt), to appear;
  upptrda fr, to stand up for; to champion;
  upptrda emot, to oppose, combat.
upptck|a (-te, -t), to discover, disclose.
uppvakt|a (-ade, -at), to wait upon, pay one's respects; to regard.
uppvck|a (-te, -t), to awaken.
uppvx|a (-te, -t), to grow up.
upp (p), upon, in.
uppt, up, upward; up toward.
ur, from, out of.
urbild (-en, -er), pattern, model, original, archetype.
urliv (-et), primitive life.
urn|a (-an, -or), urn.
ursprunglig, original.
ursprungligen, originally, primarily.
usel, wretched, poor, unfortunate, worthless, squalid, pitiful,
  miserable.
ut, out; to the end.
utan, without, destitute of; but.
utarbet|a (-ade, -at), to work out, execute, perform;
  utarbetad, finished, accomplished.
utarbetande (-t), execution, working out.
utarbetning (-en), execution.
utav, of, from, off.
utbild|a (-ade, -at), to develop.
utbre|da (-dde, -tt), to spread out, extend.
utbrott (-et, --), outburst.
ut|bryta (-brt, -brutit), to break out, ensue.
utbrnd, burnt out, consumed by fire.
utdrag (-et, --), extract, excerpt, summary.
ute, outside, without.
ute|sluta (-slt, -slutit), to exclude, eliminate.
ut|falla (-fll, -fallit), to result.
utfr|a (-de, -t), to accomplish, achieve, carry out, complete.
utfrande (-et), execution, performance.
utgammal, superannuated.
ut|giva (-gav, -givit), to publish; to cause to be published.
utgivare (-n, --), publisher.
utgng (-en), outcome, result.
utgngen, issued.
Utgrd, the realm of giants in Norse mythology.
ut|gra (-gjorde, -gjort), to consist of, make up, amount to, constitute;
  utgras av, to consist in.
uti, in, within.
ut|komma (-kom, -kommit), to be published, or issued; to come out.
utkomst (-en), livelihood, support.
utlandet, foreign parts; i, till utlandet, abroad.
utlndsk, foreign, outlandish.
utmanande, challenging, pugnacions.
utmrk|a (-te, -t) sig, to be characterized; to be distinguished;
  to distinguish oneself; utmrka sig fr, to be characterized by.
utmrkande, distinctive, characteristic.
utmrkelse (-n, -r), distinction, honors.
utnmn|a (-de, -t), to name, appoint.
utnmning (-en, -ar), appointment.
utnt|a (-te, -t), to wear out.
utom, beside, besides, in addition, except.
utomordentlig, extraordinary, exceptional.
utomordentligt, extraordinarily, especially, exceptionally.
utprglad, pronounced, striking, salient, marked, remarkable;
  decided, distinct.
utrikesdepartement (-et), foreign department.
utrymd, vacated, empty.
ut|se (-sg, -sett), to appoint, select, designate; to elect.
utsikt (-en, -er), view, prospect.
utstta (-satte, -satt), to expose; to subject; to put, place.
uttal|a (-ade, -at), to express, utter, pronounce.
uttryck (-et, --), expression, utterance; phrase, word.
uttrycksmed|el (-let, --), means or vehicle of expression.
uttrttad, weary, tired.
utur, of, out of, from.
utvald, select, choice, delicious.
utvandr|a (-ade, -at), to emigrate.
utveckl|a (-ade, -at), to explain; to evince, display; to develop.
utveckling (-en), development.
utvecklingsmjlighet (-en, -er), generally pl., possibilities; chance
  for development.
utv|a (-ade, -at), to exert; to exercise.
utver, over, of, more than, above; across, athwart; beyond.
uv (-en, -ar), great-owl, great horned owl.

V.

vacker, beautiful, pretty, attractive, handsome.
vackl|a (-ade, -at), to totter, falter.
vad, what, that which, what a.
vadan, whence.
vagg|a (-an, -or), cradle.
vagg|a (-ade, -at), to rock.
vaggande, rocking, unsteady, fluctuating.
vaggsng (-en, -er), cradle song, lullaby.
vagn (-en, -ar), chariot, car, wagon, wain.
vak|a (-ade, -at), to wake, stay awake; to hold vigil.
vaken, awake, alert, wide-awake.
vakn|a (-ade, -at), to awake; to rise from sleep; to rouse oneself.
vakt (-en, -er), guard, watch.
vakt|a (-ade, -at), to guard, watch; to herd;
  vakta p, to keep watch on, to have under observation.
val (-et, --), choice, election.
valkig, callused, horny.
vall (-en, -ar), grass land, pasture, fallow ground, grassy slope;
  i vall, aherding.
vall|a (-ade, -at), to stray, roam; to herd.
Valland, ancient Norse name for northwestern France.
vallande, wandering, sauntering.
vallarelt (-en, -ar), herdsman's song; pastoral.
vallfart (-en), pilgrimage.
vallfrdsminne (-t, -n), recollection from travel, pilgrim memory.
valv (-et, --), vault.
van|a (-an, -or), habit, usage, custom.
vandr|a (-ade, -at), to wander, walk about.
vandrare (-n, --), wanderer, traveler.
vandring (-en, -ar), wandering, walk, roaming.
vandringslopp (-et, --), path of life; life's journey, pilgrimage;
  span of life.
vandringsr (-et, --), years of wandering, roaming, travel.
vank|a (-ade, -at), to saunter; to wander aimlessly, to waddle,
  go awkwardly.
vank|as (-ades, -ats), to be offered; to be given; to be had, bestowed.
vantro (-n), superstition.
vanvett (-et), insanity, idiocy, madness, folly.
vanvettig|gra (-gjorde, -gjort), to make insane, to shatter the mind.
vap|en (-net, --), weapon, arms.
vapendans (-en, -ar or -er), war dance.
vapendn (-et, --), din or clash of arms.
vapenglad, warlike.
vapengny (-et), clamor of warriors; din of arms.
vapenskifte (-t, -n), clash of arms, battle.
var (vara), pret., was; imperative, be.
var, each, every;
  vars, whose, of which, whereof;
  var en, en var, var och en, each one, every one.
var|a (-an, -or), goods, merchandise, wares.
var|a (-ade, -at), to last, endure, remain.
vara (var, varit), to be;
  vara till, to exist, live.
varaktighet (-en), duration, durability, permanence.
varannan, varann, each other; every other one; alternate.
varav, of which, from which, whereof.
varda (vart), to become.
vardagsbrd (-et), everyday fare, plain bread.
varenda, every.
varfr, why.
varhelst, wherever.
vari, wherein, in which, in what, where.
varifrn, whence, from where.
varje, each, every.
varm, warm, fervid.
varmed, whereby, by which.
varning (-en, -ar), warning.
vars, whose, of which.
varsam, gentle, careful, considerate; wary.
varsl|a (-ade, -at), to give a premonition; to foreshadow, predict.
varsn|a (-ade, -at), to take notice of; to see, observe.
vart, whither, where.
varthelst, wherever, whithersoever.
varthn, whither.
vartill, to which.
vas (-en, -er), vase.
vasall (-en, -er), vassal.
vasa|son (-sonen, -sner), son of Vasa, scion of the house of Vasa
  (Gustavus I.).
vatt|en (-net, --), water.
vattendrag (-et, --), watercourse, stream.
vattenhiss (-en, -ar), appliance for raising water, water lift.
vattn|a (-ade, -at), to water.
ve, woe, pity;
  ve dig, woe unto you;
  vl och ve, weal and woe.
veckotidskrift (-en, -er), weekly journal.
vek, weak, feeble, frail, tender, soft, faint; impotent; futile.
vem, who, whom.
vemod (-et), sadness, melancholy.
vemodsdrag (-et, --), air, touch or sign of melancholy, mark or
  stamp of sadness.
vemodsfull, somber, gloomy, melancholy.
verk (-et, --), work, achievement.
verk|a (-ade, -at), to work, labor, operate; to achieve, accomplish.
verklighet (-en, -er), reality.
verklighetsskildring (-en, -ar), realistic fiction, true-to-life writing.
verklighetstrogen, true to reality, realistic, natural.
verklighetstrohet (-en), realism, naturalness.
verkning (-en, -ar), effect, result.
verksamhet (-en), labor, activity, work.
verktyg (-et, --), implement, tool, instrument.
Verner, Werner.
vers (-en, -er), verse, stanza; poetry.
versmtt (-et, --), meter, metrical structure.
verssprk (-et), language of poetry.
veta (visste, vetat), to know; to know how (to); to be able;
  veta med sig, to be conscious of.
vetenskap (-en, -er), science, knowledge.
vetenskaplig, scientific.
veteran (-en, -er), veteran.
vetgirighet (-en), curiosity, thirst for knowledge.
vett (-et), learning, erudition; sense, good sense; mind, intellect;
  wits; brain.
vi, we.
vi, why.
vice, vice.
vid, wide, broad, expansive;
  det vida, space, the open.
vid, at, by, near, about, to, of.
vida, widely, far, afar.
vidd (-en, -er), area, territory, field.
vidg|a (-ade, -at), to widen, extend.
vidg|as (-ades, -ats), to widen; to be distended.
vidstrckt, extensive, wide.
vift|a (-ade, -at), to wave, flutter; to wag.
vig|a (-de, -t), to dedicate, consecrate.
vigd, sacred, consecrated.
vigg, vigg|e (-en, -ar), thunderbolt; levin; wedge.
vik (-en, -ar), bay, inlet.
vika (vek, vikit), to yield, give way; to be defeated; to disappear.
viking (-en, -ar), viking.
vikingafrd (-en, -er), viking expedition; voyage of vikings.
vikingaseg|el (-let, --), viking sail, ship.
vikingavnskap (-en), viking friendship.
viktig, weighty, important.
Viktor, Victor, Victor.
vila (-n), rest.
vil|a (-ade, -at), to rest, repose;
  vila ut, to rest thoroughly or continuously.
vild, wild, uncultivated, rank.
vildmark (-en, -er), wilderness.
vildmarksvis|a (-an, -or), ballad of the wilderness.
vildskn, of wild beauty.
Vilhelm, William.
vilj|a (-an, -or), will, will power.
vilja (ville, velat), to will, desire; to strive for, be devoted to.
vilk|en (-et, -a), who, which, what.
vill (vilja), will, want.
vill, giddy, wild, excited.
vill|a (-an, -or), illusion, confusion;
  vagueness (as, kvllens villa, the vague twilight).
villande, bewildering, confusing.
vilse, astray.
vilse|g (-gick, -gtt), to go astray.
vilsen, bewildered, confused.
viml|a (-ade, -at), to reel, grope about, wander; to swarm.
vim|mel (-let), throng; stir, crowding, tumult.
vin (-et, -er), wine.
vina (ven, vinit), to whiz, whistle, whine.
vind (-en, -ar), wind, breeze; air.
vind (-en, -ar), attic.
vindspel (-et, --), windlass, hoisting machine.
Vindsvale, father of winter; (Icel., vindsvalr, chilly wind).
ving|e (-en, -ar), wing.
ving|skjuta (-skt, skjutit), to wing; to wound in the wing.
vingsnabb, vingesnabb, fleet, swift on the wing.
vingud (-en), god of wine.
vink|a (-ade, -at), to beckon, signal; to give a sign; to wave.
vinlvskrans (-en, -ar), wreath of the grapevine.
vinna (vann, vunnit), to win, gain; to receive, acquire; to achieve
  (success); to be victorious; to triumph.
vinst (-en, -er), gain, profit, prize, winnings, earnings.
vint|er (-ern, -rar), winter.
vinterhlsning (-en, -ar), winter greeting.
vinterkvll (-en, -ar), winter evening.
vinterlynne (-t, -n), wintry mood.
vintersolstnd (-et, --), the winter solstice.
vinterstmning (-en, -ar), wintry mood.
vintertrn|a (-an, -or), winter maiden.
vinterur, wintry storm.
viol (-en, -er), violet.
vip|a (-an, -or), lapwing.
vir|a (-ade, -at), to twine.
virk|a (-ade, -at), to crochet; to make a netted fabric.
virtuositet (-en), virtuosity, mastery.
virvl|a (-ade, -at), to whirl, circle.
vis, wise, learned, sage; substantively, wise man, savant, philosopher.
vis, way, mode, wise, manner.
vis|a (-an, -or), ditty, ballad, song.
vis|a (-ade, -at; -te, -t), to show, display; to prove; to to present,
  manifest, exhibit.
visdiktare (-n, --), ballad writer.
visdom (-en), wisdom, learning, knowledge.
visdomsdjup (-et, --), depth of wisdom.
vishet (-en), wisdom, learning.
visk|a (-ade, -at), to whisper.
vislig, prudent, wise, sensible.
viss, certain, positive.
vissn|a (-ade, -at), to wither, fade, wilt.
visst, surely, apparently, evidently, certainly, indeed, of course;
  I believe; undoubtedly.
vist|as (-ades, -ats), to live, sojourn, stay.
vistelse (-n), stay, sojourn.
visthus (-et, --), storehouse, larder.
vitblomm|a (-an, -or), white flower.
vitn|a (-ade, -at), to turn white; to whiten.
vitt, white.
vitter, literary, learned, scholarly.
vitterhet (-en), literature, belles lettres.
vitterhetsakademi (-en, -er), academy of belles lettres, literary
  academy.
vitterhetsidkare (-n, --), author, writer, man of letters.
vittj|a (-ade, -at), to examine and empty (a fishnet); to run or haul in
  (a net or line).
vittr|a (-ade, -at), to erode, molder.
viv (-et, --), wife.
Vodan, Wotan.
von, of.
vorden (varda), become; changed, transformed, made (into).
vred, angry, wroth, irate, furious, mad.
vrede (-n), wrath, anger, fury, madness.
vredgad, angry, wroth.
vrida (vred, vridit), to wrench; to twist, turn, wring.
vr (-n, -r), nook, corner, retreat.
vrk|a (-te or vrok, -t), to hurl, cast, throw; to rush.
vurmeri (-et, -er), craze, mania, hobby, fancy.
vyss|a (-ade, -at), to lull.
vd|a (-an, -or), danger, peril, risk, accident.
vg (-en, -or), wave, billow; waters.
vg|a (-ade, -at), to dare, venture; to risk.
vld (-et), power, might, force, tyranny.
vldsam, violent, sudden.
vlnad (-en, -er), spirit, ghost, spook, wraith.
vnd|as (-ades, -ats), to suffer, writhe, agonize; to be in pain.
vr (-en, -ar), spring, springtime.
vr, our, ours.
vrd (-en, -ar), mark, sign, emblem, symbol.
vrd (-en), care.
vrd|a (-ade, -at), to keep, preserve, have in charge; to take care of.
vrdad, careful, thorough.
vrdanstalt (-en, -er), sanatorium, asylum, hospital.
vrdsls, careless, heedless, negligent, slovenly.
vrflodsveck|a (-an, -or), week of spring floods.
vrlig, springlike, pertaining to spring, vernal.
vr|natt (-natten, -ntter), spring night.
vrskri (-et, --), vernal call.
vrstorm (-en, -ar), spring storm.
vrvind (-en, -ar), spring wind, vernal breeze.
vrvis|a (-an, -or), spring song.
vrvit, white with spring blossoms.
vtkall, damp and chilly.
vck|a (-te, -t), to awaken, rouse, inspire; to cause; to wake.
vd|er (-ret, --), weather, wind; vdren, the winds.
vderbubbl|a (-an, -or), bubble.
vderlek (-en), weather.
vg (-en, -ar), way, road, course,
vg|a (-de, -t), to weigh, balance.
vgg (-en, -ar), wall, partition;
  uppt vggarna, utterly nonsensical, absurd, preposterous, out of
    all reason; extremely.
vkt (-en, -er), watch.
vktare (-n, --), watchman, guardsman.
vl, welfare, weal;
  vl den, blessed be he, happy he;
  vl och ve, weal and woe.
vl, of course, indeed, true; well; carefully; doubtless, forsooth; then.
vlbehag (-et), pleasure, enjoyment, delight.
vld, favor, partiality, bias.
vldig, mighty; grand, great.
vlfgnad (-en), entertainment.
vlgng (-en), welfare, weal; health.
vlja (valde, valt), to choose, elect, select.
vlkomm|a (-an, -or), welcome.
vll|a (-de, -t), to well, flow, pour, rise.
vlljud (-et, --), sweet sound, harmony, melodiousness.
vllukt (-en, -er), fragrance, scent.
vllust (-en), rapture, pleasure, enjoyment, voluptuousness.
vllrd, scholarly, erudite, well versed.
vlsignad, blessed, blissful.
vltalare (-n, --), orator;
  andlig vltalare, pulpit orator.
vltalig, eloquent, grandiloquent.
vlv|a (-de, -t), to roll, heave, tumble (of waves); to circle; to
  bulge up or out.
vn, fair, bonny, dainty.
vn (-nen, -ner), friend, acquaintance, associate; darling, dear one.
vn|da (-de, -t), to turn, revolve, swing, rotate; to turn over, reverse;
  vnda ter (tervnda), to return, turn back, come again.
vnlig, friendly, cordial, kind.
vnskap (-en), friendship.
vnt|a (-ade, -at), to await, to expect, to look for;
  vnta sig, to expect, hope for.
vntan, waiting, wait.
vntanstid (-en, -er), time of waiting, expectancy.
vntansr (-en, --), year of waiting.
vrd, worth, worthy of.
vrde (-t, -n), value, worth, meaning, import.
vrderad, esteemed, valued, appreciated.
vrdig, worthy.
vrdinn|a (-an, -or), hostess.
vrj|a (-de, -t), to defend, protect, guard.
vrld (-en, -ar), world, universe; humanity; realm.
vrldsfrakt (-et), contempt of the world, pessimism.
vrldslitteratur (-en), world literature.
vrldssmrta (-n), sentimental pessimism, Weltschmerz.
vrldsskdning (-en, -ar), views, view of life, tenets.
vrma (-n), heat, ardor varmth.
vrm|a (-de, -t), to warm.
vrme (-n or -t), warmth, heat.
vrn (-et, --), protection, defense.
vrn|a (-ade, -at), to defend, protect, guard.
vrre, worse;
  dess vrre (tyvrr), unfortunately, all the worse.
vrv (-et, --), duty, vocation, occupation, commission.
vrv|a (-de, -t), to earn, acquire, establish; poet. for frvrva.
vsen (-det, --), being, essence.
vss|a (-te, -t), to sharpen, point.
vst (-en, -ar), vest.
vstanflkt (-en, -ar), west wind, zephyr.
vstanvind (-en, -ar), zephyr, west wind.
vster (-n), west.
vstlig, western, westerly.
vtt, moistened.
vv (-en, -ar), woof, web; weaving.
vv|a (-de, -t), to weave.
vvd, woven.
vx|a (-te, -t), to grow, spring.
vxl|a (-ade, -at), to change; to alternate, shift, vary.
vxt (-en, -er), form, figure; plant, growth.
vrd|a (-ade, -at), to respect, honor.
vrdnad (-en), reverence, respect, adoration.
vrdsamligen, respectfully.

Y.

ymnig, copious, abundant, brimming, brimful.
yngling (-en, -ar), youth, young man.
ynglingadd (-et, --), youthful deed or achievement.
yngre, younger; recent.
yngst, youngest.
ypp|a (-ade, -at), to discover, disclose, betray;
  yppas, to appear;
  yppa sig, to manifest itself.
ypperlig, excellent, superior, of high standing, grade, quality or
  character.
ypperst, foremost, most excellent, highest, most exalted.
yppig, luxuriant, full, swelling, abundant, rich, sumptuous.
yr, giddy, wild, mad, dizzy.
yra (-n), excitement, stir, bustle; fury.
yr|a (-de, -t) sometimes -ade, -at), to drift; to rage.
yrsel (-n), giddiness, dizziness, feverish excitement or pleasure.
  Obsolete form, yrsla (-n).
yster, lively, wild, frisky.
yt|a (-an, -or), surface, exterior.
ytterligare, further, furthermore.
yttr|a (-ade, -at), to utter, express; to speak, voice;
  yttra sig, as above, also, to manifest.
yttrande (-t, -n), expression, utterance, phrase.
yttre, outer, exterior, physical.

Z.

Zevs, Zeus, chief of the Olympian gods.
Zion (Sion), Zion.

.

, on.
d|er (-ern, -ror), dr|a (-an, -or), vein.
draga (drog, dragit), to render, bring on.
hrareskar|a (-an, -or), audience, assemblage.
kallan, invocation.
ld|er (-ern, -rar), age; era, period;
  ... rs lder, age of ... (years).
lderdom (-en), old age, olden times, antiquity, the past.
ldrad, aged.
ldr|as (-ades, -ats), to grow old; to wane, decline; to age.
ldrig, ancient, old, hoary.
liggande (-t, -n), duty, obligation.
nga (-an, -or), exhalation, scent, odor, fragrance; steam, vapor.
nger (-n), remorse, regret.
ngerfri, carefree, without regret.
ngest (-en), anguish, anxiety, despair.
ngmaskin (-en, -er), steam engine.
r, (-et, --), year; (with numeral) age of.
rshelg (-en), annual holiday or festival.
rstid (-en, -er), season.
s (-en, -ar), ridge.
sikt (-en, -er), view, opinion, notion, mind, idea.
sk|a (-an, -or), thunder.
skdning (-en, -ar), view, opinion, tenet, views.
syn (-en), sight, view, presence.
t, to, for, toward, in the direction of.
ter, again, anew, back, on the other hand.
terbruten, reflected.
terflytt|a (-ade, -at), to move back, return.
ter|komma (-kom, -kommit), to return, come again; to revert.
ter|se (-sg, -sett), to see again; to meet again.
terstll|a (-de, -t), to restore.
tersvar|a (-ade, -at), to re-echo, answer; to give back a sound.
tertnd|a (-de, -t), to rekindle.
terupp|taga (-tog, -tagit), to resume.
terupp|tagas (-togs, -tagits), to be restored, returned, reaccepted,
  taken back.
tervn|da (-de, -t), to return, come back; to recur.
tminstone, at least, at any rate, leastwise.
tskillig, sundry, several, various, divers.
tta, eight.
ttio, (ttatio, tti), eighty.

.

del, noble, pure, refined.
delsten (-en, -ar), precious stone, jewel.
delt, nobly.
g|a (-de, -t), to own, have, possess;
  ga rum, to take place.
gare (-n, --), owner, proprietor.
gn|a (-ade, -at), to devote.
kta, genuine, true, sterling, authentic, original.
ktenskap (-et, --), marriage, wedlock, married life;
  ing ktenskap, to enter wedlock, to be married.
ktsvensk, genuinely Swedish.
ldre, older, elder.
lsk|a (-ade, -at), to love; to take delight in; to be fond of.
lskad, beloved;
  hans ungdoms lskade, the beloved of his youth.
lsklig, lovely, lovable, amiable, charming.
lsklingsskald (-en, -er), favorite poet.
lskog (-en), love, affection.
lskogskrank, lovelorn, lovesick.
lskvrd, amiable, lovely, charming.
lv (-en, -ar), river, stream.
lv|a (-an, -or), fairy.
lvadrottning (-en, -ar), queen of the elves, fairy queen.
mbete (-t, -n), office, position.
mbetsgroml (-et, --), official duties.
mbetsutvning (-en), official duties.
mbetsverk (-et, --), department, executive or administrative office.
mbetsliggande (-t, -n), official duties.
mn|a (-ade, -at), to intend.
mnad, intended.
mne (-t, -n), subject, topic.
n (nnu), yet, still, as yet; than;
  n s, ever so;
  om n, even though; however;
  frr n (frrn), before, until.
nd|a, nd|e (-an, -en, -ar), end, close, finish;
  taga (en) nda, to end.
nda, all the way;
  nda tills, until, up to, all along till.
nd|a (-ade, -at), to end; to cease; to put an end to.
nde (nda), end.
ndls, endless, unceasing, incessant.
ndr|a (-ade, -at), to alter, change.
nd, yet, still, nevertheless.
ng (-en, -ar), meadow.
ngd (-en, -er), domain, vicinity, bourne.
ng|el (-eln, -lar), angel.
ngla|hand (-handen, -hnder), angel's hand.
ngslan, anxiety;
  ngslansdok, veil of sorrow.
ntligen (ntligt, ntlig), finally, at last, at length,
nne (-t), forehead, temples.
nnu, still, yet.
ppelblomm|a (-an, -or), apple blossom.
r (vara), am, art, is.
ra (-n), honor, glory, distinction;
  hlla i ra, to hold in high esteem; to honor, appreciate.
rbar, honest, virtuous, proper, modest.
rekrans (-en, -ar), wreath of honor.
reminne (-t, -n), memorial sketch or address.
rende (-t, -n), errand; business; service; duty.
restod (-en, -er), monument, memorial statue.
rftlig, hereditary.
rkebiskop (-en, -ar), archbishop.
rlig, honest, upright, true, sincere.
rm (-en, -ar), sleeve.
rones, archaic for rans;
  rones konung, the King of glory.
rv|a (-de, -t), to inherit.
sk|a (-ade, -at), to ask, demand, request.
stetik (-en), esthetics.
tt (-en, -er), lineage, tribe, family; descendants.
ttehg (-en, -ar), burial mound, barrow.
ven, even, also.
ventyr (-et, --), adventure.
vlan, struggle, strife; effort.

.

 (-n, -ar), island;
  Lycksalighetens , The Isle of Bliss.
de (-t, -n), fate, destiny.
de, barren, bleak, deserted.
dmjuk, humble, lowly, profound.
dmjuk|a (-ade, -at) sig, to humble oneself.
dslig, desolate, waste.
g|a (-at, -on), eye.
gonblick (-et, --), instant, moment, twinkling of an eye.
gonfrjd (-en, -er), pleasure to the eye, enjoyment.
gonlock (-et, --), eyelid.
k|en, (-nen, -nar), desert, waste, wilderness.
kengrav (-en, -ar), desert grave.
l (-et), ale, beer, small beer.
m, tender, fond, loving, affectionate, sensitive.
mhet (-en), tenderness, affection, kindness, love, sensitiveness.
mk|a (-ade, -at), to pity; to take compassion on; to sympathize with.
mkan, pity, compassion.
msom, by turns, ever and anon, back and forth, now and then;
  msom ... msom, now ... now.
nsk|a (-ade, -at), to wish, desire; nskad, wished for, longed for,
  desired.
nskan, wish, desire, hope, expectation.
ppenhjrtig, openhearted, frank.
ppn|a (-ade, -at), to open;
  jorden ppnar sig, the earth yawns.
r|a (-at, -on), ear.
rfil (-en, -ar), box on the ear; buffet.
rn (-en, -ar), eagle.
rt (-en, -er), herb, plant; flower, blossom.
rtagrd (-en, -ar), garden.
s|a (-te, -t), to pour.
ster (-n), east.
sterland (-et), Orient.
sterlndsk, Oriental.
stervg (-en, -or), Baltic Sea.
ver, over, against, above, on (a subject), at, across.
verallt, everywhere, all over.
verbibliotekarie (-n, -r), head librarian.
ver|bjuda (-bjd, -bjudit), to surpass, exceed, outdo, excel.
verdrift (-en, -er), exaggeration.
verfld (-et), plenty, excess, surplus; surfeit.
ver|giva (-gav, -givit), to desert, leave, abandon.
vergrepp (-et, --), undue interference, arbitrariness.
vergng (-en, -ar), transition, transfer, going over.
verherr|e (-en, -ar), overlord, superior.
verlev|a (-de, -t), to outlive; to survive.
ver|man (-mannen, -mn), master, superior.
vermttad, sated, surfeited.
verrask|a (-ade, -at), to surprise; to take by surprise.
versinnlig, supersensuous, supernatural.
verskatt|a (-ade, -at), to overestimate, exaggerate.
verslug, overwise, too clever, affectedly wise.
verspnd, extravagant, exaggerated, overdrawn, wild, quixotic.
ver|vinna (-vann, -vunnit), to conquer, overcome; to master.
vervg|a (-de, -t), to outweigh; to preponderate; to exceed,
  excel, overbalance.
vrig, other, remaining.








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