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Title: Les rgles de Cicco Simonetta
       pour le dchiffrement des critures secrtes

Author: Francesco Simonetta

Editor: Paul-Michel Perret

Release Date: March 1, 2009 [EBook #28227]

Language: French

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

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LES RGLES DE CICCO SIMONETTA POUR LE DCHIFFREMENT DES CRITURES
SECRTES

(4 JUILLET 1474).


Le manuscrit italien 1595[1] de la Bibliothque nationale contient, du
folio 438 au folio 446, des fragments d'un prtendu _diario_ de Cicco
Simonetta, secrtaire et conseiller des trois premiers ducs de Milan de
la dynastie de Sforza[2]. Les folios 438, 439 et 440 sont remplis par
des minutes de comptes; les folios 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, par des
catalogues de livres ou de manuscrits ou des minutes de lettres; enfin
le folio 441 tout entier et le recto du folio 442, par les _Regule ad
extrahendum litteras ziferatas sine exemplo_, qui font la matire du
prsent travail. Dans ces fragments, on le voit, il y a un peu de tout,
des notes de toutes sortes plutt qu'un journal, et la dnomination de
_diario_ qui leur a t assigne, soit par le classificateur, soit par
le possesseur ancien du manuscrit en question, serait tout  fait
impropre, si la plupart d'entre eux n'taient dats du quantime et du
mois. Quant  leur attribution  Simonetta, elle nous parat devoir
prter moins  controverse. D'abord la thorie des rgles suivies par la
chancellerie milanaise avait t pendant longtemps l'objet des
mditations de Cicco Simonetta; il avait mme prpar, en 1435, un
trait de la chancellerie de Franois Sforza[3], et nous ne serions pas
surpris que les rgles qui nous occupent eussent t tires de ce
trait, qui n'a jamais t publi. Ce n'est l qu'une prsomption en
faveur de l'hypothse qui fait de Simonetta l'auteur de ces rgles; nous
avons en revanche des preuves presque certaines que, si elles ne sont
pas l'oeuvre de Cicco, elles ont du moins t traces de sa main. En
effet, elles sont de la mme criture que le soi-disant _diario_, et
l'criture de ces notes prsente de telles analogies avec celle des
lettres ou morceaux autographes de Simonetta, conservs dans l'_Archivio
Sforzesco_[4], et avec celle du manuscrit dit de Simonetta[5], regard
ordinairement comme autographe, qu'on doit les attribuer au mme
personnage. Il est vrai que le catalogue de manuscrits, non dat, qui,
sous forme de lettre  Philippe Sacramoro, orateur milanais  Florence,
termine le prtendu _diario_ (fol. 445 v^o et fol. 446 r^o) est sign
_Ja. Poggius_[6]; mais cette signature ne peut tre autographe; en
effet, l'criture de ce catalogue est la mme que celle des autres
pices du _diario_[7]; or, toutes ces pices sont dates de Pavie ou de
Gallerate et manent certainement d'un Milanais; de plus, les comptes
qui en font partie (fol. 438, 439 et 440) et qui sont tous relatifs aux
revenus et aux dpenses du royaume de Naples dnotent une connaissance
intime des dtails de l'administration et du gouvernement napolitain,
connaissance qui et pu difficilement tre le lot de Jacques Pogge,
tandis qu'elle serait parfaitement celui de Simonetta, ancien serviteur
du roi de Naples. Somme toute, l'attribution  ce dernier du _diario_ et
par suite des _regule_, exception faite toutefois pour le catalogue de
manuscrits sign de Pogge, nous parat devoir tre provisoirement admise
 dfaut d'une meilleure  proposer.

    [Note 1: Ce ms. forme le t. XIII de la collection connue sous le nom
    d'_Archivio Sforzesco_ (ms. ital. 1583-1615), cde en 1867 par M.
    Costa de Beauregard  la Bibl. nat. (Delisle, _le Cabinet des
    manuscrits de la Bibliothque nationale_, t. II, p. 313). M.
    Mazzatinti a donn un dpouillement sommaire, mais presque complet,
    de l'_Archivio Sforzesco_, dans l'_Archivio storico lombardo_,
    Milano, 1883, p. 222 et ss., et 1885, p. 657 et ss.]

    [Note 2: Sur cet minent personnage, qui fut disgraci en 1479 et
    mis  mort le 30 octobre 1480, voir Argelati, _Bibliotheca
    scriptorum mediolanensium_, Milan, 1745, t. II, col. 2166-168, et la
    biographie qui lui a t consacre par Carlo Belgiojoso en tte de
    l'dition de son drame intitul: _Cicco Simonetta_, Milano, 1858,
    in-8^o. De nombreuses lettres adresses  Cicco Simonetta par
    diffrentes personnes sont conserves  la Bibl. nat., ms. ital.
    1590. Voir aussi _Diarium Parmense_, dans Muratori. _Rerum
    italicarum scriptores_, t. XXII, col. 249 et ss.; _Mmoires de
    Commynes_, d. Dupont, t. II, p. 302 et 303; Litta, _Fam. Simonetta
    di Calabria_, etc.]

    [Note 3: Ce trait, intitul: _Constitutiones et ordines cancellari
    secretioris illustrissimi principis et excellentissimi d. d.
    Francisci Sforti Vicecomitis ducis Mediolani_, etc., appartenait,
    au temps d'Argelati (_op. cit._, II, col. 2167),  l'avocat Sitone:
    nous ne savons pas ce qu'il est devenu.]

    [Note 4: Lodi, 18 dcembre 1449. Cicco Simonetta au duc de Milan
    (Bibl. nat., ms. ital. 1585, fol. 106).--Milan, 2 octobre 1455. Le
    mme  frre Jacques de Pesaro  Naples (Bibl. nat., ms. ital.,
    1587, fol. 76).--4 mars 1456. Relatio facta per me Cicchum
    magnificis dominis de consilio secreto parte Ill^mi domini domini
    nostri (_ibid._, fol. 109). Voy. aussi les lettres ducales
    contresignes par Simonetta, par exemple Bibl. nat., ms. ital. 1595,
    fol. 296.--Milan, 14 juillet 1462. Le duc de Milan  Laurent de
    Pesaro, conseiller  Parme; _ibid._, fol. 30.--Milan, 11 fvrier
    1463. Le mme aux matres des entres, etc.]

    [Note 5: Bibl. nat., ms. lat. 10133. Une copie de ce manuscrit, qui
    n'est autre qu'un recueil des documents relatifs aux rapports des
    ducs de Milan avec la France depuis 1461, appartenait, suivant
    Argelati (_op. cit._, II, col. 2167), au comte Antoine Simonetta,
    descendant d'un frre de Cicco: nous ignorons le sort de cette
    transcription. Nous prparons une notice sur le ms. lat. 10133.]

    [Note 6: Il s'agit sans doute de Jacques Pogge (1441-1478),
    secrtaire du cardinal Riario; compromis dans la conjuration des
    Pazzi, il fut excut. Il tait fils de Pogge, le grand humaniste.]

    [Note 7: L'examen d'un autographe de Pogge confirmerait probablement
    notre assertion: mais nous n'avons pu en trouver un dans les
    bibliothques de Paris. Quant au fac-simil insr par M. de Nolhac
    dans son bel ouvrage: _la Bibliothque de Fulvio Orsini_, Paris,
    1887, c'est celui d'un autographe de Jacques Pogge l'ancien.]

D'ailleurs cette discussion n'a, suivant nous, qu'un intrt secondaire;
ce qu'il importe, c'est d'tudier les rgles de Simonetta elles-mmes de
faon  dfinir leur nature et  dterminer leur but et leur utilit.

Elles ont t rdiges  Pavie le lundi 4 juillet 1474. Cette date est
digne de remarque, car c'est le moment o les correspondances chiffres
commencrent  prendre de l'extension en Italie. En effet, l'usage de la
cryptographie, qui remonterait  l'antiquit la plus recule, qui aurait
t commun chez les Grecs[8] et les Romains[9], dont les documents
wisigothiques offrent de nombreux spcimens[10], dont on rencontre aux
archives de Venise deux ou trois exemples du XIIIe sicle[11] et
plusieurs du XIVe[12], ne devint pas gnral en Italie avant le courant
du XVe[13]; mais alors les critures secrtes se multiplient. Toutefois
 cette poque, qui est comme l'enfance de l'art cryptographique, tous
les systmes d'criture secrte drivent du mme principe; les noms
propres de personnes, de lieux ou de pays sont reprsents par des mots
ou des signes particuliers; pour les noms communs, chaque lettre de
l'alphabet rpond  un signe ou deux; ces signes sont tantt des
lettres, isoles ou accouples, dont l'ordre est interverti ou la valeur
change, tantt des chiffres isols ou accoupls, tantt des caractres
bizarres et de pure fantaisie au choix desquels l'imagination des
correspondants a seule prsid; enfin ces lettres, ces chiffres ou ces
caractres sont accompagns de ce qu'on nomme en cryptographie des
_non-valeurs_, c'est--dire de signes nuls, qui n'ont pas de sens et ne
sont introduits dans le texte qu'en vue de dpister les curieux[14].
Dj, cependant, les accents, les points, les virgules, les
apostrophes, tous les signes qui pourraient aider au dchiffrement sont
supprims[15]; le plus souvent les mots ne sont pas spars[16].

    [Note 8: Bibliophile Jacob, _la Cryptographie_, Paris, 1858, p. 6 et
    ss.]

    [Note 9: Paoli, _Programma scolastico di paleografia latina e di
    diplomatica. 1. Paleografia latina_, Firenze, 1888, p. 40. Il ne
    faut pas confondre la tachygraphie ou stnographie des Romains avec
    la cryptographie: la tachygraphie est  peu prs  la cryptographie
    ce que la stnographie est  l'criture ordinaire. (Voy. Kopp,
    _Paleographia critica_, Mannheim, 1817, 2 vol. in-4^o; Wailly,
    _lments de palographie_, I, 425; et surtout le mmoire de M.
    Julien Havet sur l'_criture secrte de Gerbert_, lu  l'Acadmie
    des inscriptions et belles-lettres, le 11 mars 1887, et publi dans
    le t. XV, 4e srie, des _Comptes-rendus_ de ce corps.)]

    [Note 10: Paoli, _op. cit._, p. 41, d'aprs Muos y Rivero,
    _Paleographia visigoda_, Madrid, 1881, p. 77.]

    [Note 11: Pasini, _Delle scritture in cifra usate dalla republica
    veneta_, dans _Il R. Archivio generale di Venezia_, Venezia, 1873,
    p. 292.]

    [Note 12: _Ibid._, p. 292 et 293.]

    [Note 13: Le plus vieux document vritablement cryptographique que
    possdent les archives de Venise est du 28 juin 1411 (Senato,
    Deliberazione secrete, t. IV, fol. 184 v^o): sur 36 lignes
    d'criture, 29 sont en chiffres (Pasini, _op. cit._, p. 300). L'acte
    le plus ancien en criture secrte conserv  Florence est de 1414
    (_Dispacci in cifre del R. archivio di stato di Firenze_, dans
    _Archivio storico italiano_, 3e srie, t. XIV, p. 473, Firenze,
    1871).  Milan, le plus ancien parat tre de 1454 et  Gnes de
    1481 (R. Sovrintendenza agli archivi veneti, _L'Archivio di stato in
    Venezia negli anni 1876-1880_, Venezia, 1881, p. 64-67. Voir aussi
    Cecchetti, _Le scritture occulte nella diplomazia veneziana_, dans
    _Memorie del R. istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti_, 3e
    srie, t. IV, Venezia, 1869, p. 1185-1211).]

    [Note 14: _Dispacci in cifre_, etc., dans _Arch. stor. ital._, _loc.
    cit._, p. 475; Pasini, _op. cit._, p. 300. On trouvera les clefs de
    chiffres de ce genre et de l'anne 1465  la Bibl. nat. (ms. ital.
    1591, fol. 132, 133, 134, et 1592, fol. 29). Un chiffre analogue,
    mais du XVIe sicle, a t reproduit par M. L. Paris dans les
    _Ngociations, lettres et pices diverses relatives au rgne de
    Franois II_, Paris, 1841 (Collection de documents indits), en
    regard de la page XVI. Nous n'insistons pas sur ces clefs, dont le
    but est tout diffrent des rgles que nous tudions: ces clefs ont
    t dresses afin de dchiffrer une lettre secrte dtermine ou un
    alphabet dtermin, tandis que les rgles de Simonetta visent 
    indiquer une mthode pour dcouvrir ces clefs elles-mmes. Les clefs
    pareilles  celles que nous avons cites, mais de temps postrieurs,
    ne sont pas rares. Les archives de Venise en conservent plus de 400
    des XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe sicles (Pasini, _op. cit._, p. 291). De
    plus, quelques cryptographes exercs en ont restitu un certain
    nombre; ainsi l'abb Gabrielli,  Florence, en a rtabli plus de
    1,300 (voy. l'article dj signal de l'_Arch. stor. ital._).
    Pasini,  Venise, a dchiffr prs de 800 dpches (R.
    Sovrintendenza agli archivi veneti, _op. cit._, p. 64 et 202, et
    _id._, _Gli archivii della regione veneta_, Venezia, 1881, t. II, p.
    195). Cf. les cinq clefs publies  l'appendice de ce volume. Ces
    dchiffrements ne vont pas sans donner lieu  des interprtations
    diverses. Voir  ce sujet la curieuse dissertation de Pasini, _I
    dispacci di Giovanni Michiel ambasciatore veneto in Inghilterra
    (1554-1557), deciferati da Paolo Friedmann, rettificazioni ed
    aggiunte_, Venezia, 1869.]

    [Note 15: Pasini, _Delle scritture in cifra_, etc., _loc. cit._, p.
    291.]

    [Note 16: _Ibid._, voy. la table qui fait suite au mmoire de Pasini
    et qui n'est que le fac-simil d'une partie de la pice de 1411
    mentionne plus haut.]

C'est  cet tat arrir de la science cryptographique que s'appliquent
les rgles ou mieux les instructions de Simonetta; elles sont au nombre
de treize et, bien entendu, ainsi que l'atteste le titre que l'auteur
leur a donn, elles ne prtendent qu' fournir des procds pratiques,
fruit sans doute de son exprience personnelle et dont il voulait faire
profiter les secrtaires de la chancellerie milanaise, propres 
dvoiler l'alphabet ou la clef d'une dpche crite en lettres
interverties, en chiffres ou en caractres conventionnels.

Bien que Simonetta semble avoir eu quelque notion des chiffres 
alphabet double, il ne se proccupe que des chiffres  alphabet simple,
c'est--dire de ceux o le mme signe reprsente toujours la mme
lettre, mthode rudimentaire o la lettre la plus rpte dans l'idiome
du texte cryptographique ou cryptogramme ne peut rester longtemps
dissimule[17]. Presque tout son systme repose sur la recherche des
voyelles[18].

    [Note 17: Pour le franais, c'est la lettre _e_. Voir:
    _Cryptographie_, tude publie dans le journal _le Gnie civil_
    (mai-juin 1888), par le marquis de Viaris (p. 6). Nous devons 
    l'obligeance de l'auteur la communication de cet excellent ouvrage,
    auquel nous empruntons la plupart des dtails qui prcdent, entre
    autres la dfinition des alphabets simples et des alphabets
    multiples. Ce tirage  part n'est malheureusement pas livr au
    commerce. Voir aussi: Kerckhoffs (Aug.), _la Cryptographie militaire
    ou des chiffres usits en temps de guerre, avec un nouveau procd
    de dchiffrement applicable aux systmes  double clef_, Paris,
    1883, p. 19.]

    [Note 18: Cette recherche fut plus tard le fondement du systme de
    dchiffrement de Porta (_De furtivis litterarum notis_, Naples,
    1563), dont le bibliophile Jacob (_op. cit._, p. 56 et ss.) a donn
    une analyse circonstancie. De nos jours, un cryptographe distingu
    et original, M. Vesin de Romanini, a repris cette ide en la
    dveloppant et en a fait la base de son trait de cryptographie
    intitul: _la Cryptographie dvoile, ou Art de traduire ou de
    dchiffrer toutes les critures en quelque caractre et en quelque
    langue que ce soit, quoiqu'on ne connaisse ni ce caractre ni cette
    langue, applique aux langues franaise, allemande, anglaise,
    latine, italienne, espagnole_, etc. Paris, 1857. Pour la langue
    italienne, voir p. 163 et ss.]

Les trois premiers prceptes, par l'examen de la lettre finale de chaque
mot, par celui des monogrammes, des digrammes et des trigrammes, roulent
sur les moyens de distinguer si le texte  dchiffrer est en latin ou en
langue vulgaire, c'est--dire en italien. La dcouverte en cette
dernire langue de la voyelle _e_, de la labiale _l_ dans les digrammes
et du relatif _che_ dans les trigrammes forme l'objet du 4e, du 5e et du
6e conseil. Passant ensuite au latin, auquel il consacre les rgles 7,
8, 9, 10, 11 et 12, Simonetta observe que les mots de cette langue sont
termins le plus communment par _s_, _m_ ou _t_, ou _a_, _e_, _i_ et
_o_. Si un signe est employ seul, on peut tre sr que c'est une
voyelle, et, selon toute vraisemblance, la prposition _a_, qui est le
monogramme le plus usit. Quant aux digrammes, il transcrit la liste des
plus usuels; ce sera  la sagacit du lecteur  les interprter. Les
trigrammes dont la premire lettre est la mme que la troisime
correspondront  _non_, _sis_, etc., mais plutt  _non_, le trigramme
le plus frquent. Un signe rpt trois fois sans intervalle doit tre
un _u_. Dans les mots de quatre lettres, un chiffre redoubl quivaudra,
selon toute probabilit,  _l_ ou  _s_, comme dans _ille_, _esse_, etc.

La dernire observation est commune au latin et  l'italien: un chiffre
ou un signe toujours suivi du mme chiffre ou du mme signe figurera
_q_; le second sera _u_, et le suivant une autre voyelle.

En finissant, Simonetta remarque, toutefois, que ces rgles peuvent
facilement tre mises en dfaut, pour peu que l'auteur de la dpche ait
soin de varier et de compliquer les chiffres de diverses manires, soit
en intercalant au milieu d'eux, comme nous l'avons dit, des caractres,
des monogrammes, des digrammes ou des trigrammes nuls, soit en se
servant de deux alphabets  la fois, etc.

L'intention de Simonetta en recueillant ces rgles n'a pas t, on s'en
aperoit, de composer un trait thorique et complet de cryptographie.
Son but est plus modeste; les destinant, comme nous le disions plus
haut,  satisfaire aux exigences courantes des chancelleries, il les a
bases sur l'exprience seule; c'tait du reste invitable; au XVe
sicle, cette science ou cet art n'avait pas encore fait de progrs
considrables; les combinaisons,  peu prs inextricables[19], qui
devaient le transformer sous l'impulsion de Trithme[20], de Porta[21],
de Blaise de Vigenre[22], le crateur des alphabets multiples[23], et
des cryptographes du XIXe sicle[24], n'taient pas encore inventes.
Notre auteur ne suppose pas de plus grande difficult que l'alphabet
double et ne souponne pas les mthodes  alphabets multiples[25], 
anagramme ou  interversion[26] et  rpertoire[27]. Cependant, quelque
lmentaires et imparfaites que soient ces rgles, quoique tout esprit
attentif et rflchi puisse les dduire sans aucun secours tranger,
elles nous ont paru mriter d'tre publies; on y trouve en effet runis
et coordonns les prceptes les plus indispensables et les plus
commodes, en raison de leur empirisme mme, pour le dchiffrement des
dpches italiennes du XVe sicle dont les clefs sont perdues ou n'ont
pas t rtablies, et  ce titre leur publication pourra peut-tre
rendre quelques services aux personnes qui ont  lire ou  copier des
documents de ce genre.

                                             P.-M. PERRET.

    [Note 19: Sur les traits caractristiques des dpches chiffres du
    XVIIe et du XVIIIe sicle, voir l'article dj mentionn de l'_Arch.
    stor. ital._, t. XIV, 3e srie, p. 473.]

    [Note 20: _Steganographia_, Francfort, 1606. Le bibliophile Jacob
    (_op. cit._, p. 38 et ss.) a consacr  cet ouvrage une analyse
    dtaille.]

    [Note 21: Voy. plus haut, p. 520, note 4.]

    [Note 22: _Trait des chiffres ou secrettes manieres d'crire_,
    Paris, 1587.]

    [Note 23: M. de Viaris (_op. cit._, p. 7) a reproduit des types de
    ces alphabets multiples. Voy. aussi le Bibliophile Jacob, _op.
    cit._, p. 71, et Kerckhoffs, _op. cit._, p. 30.]

    [Note 24: Leurs traits sont trs nombreux. Nous nous contenterons
    d'indiquer quelques-uns des principaux: Mamert Gallien,
    _Dictionnaire tlgraphique, conomique et secret_, Paris,
    1874.--Simonot (Edme), _l'Art de dchiffrer les critures secrtes_,
    Paris, 1881.--Kerckhoffs, _op. cit._--Sittler, _Dictionnaire
    abrviatif chiffr_, Paris, 1889 (10e dition), etc., etc.--Pour les
    ouvrages relatifs  la cryptographie et antrieurs  1858, on
    consultera avec profit la bibliographie que le bibliophile Jacob a
    mise en appendice a son livre dj cit (p. 242-251).]

    [Note 25: Viaris, _op. cit._, p. 6.]

    [Note 26: _Ibid._, p. 22.]

    [Note 27: _Ibid._, p. 44.]




                                        Papie die lune iiii julii 1474.

REGULE AD EXTRAHENDUM LITTERAS ZIFERATAS SINE EXEMPLO.


(1.) Primo, inspiciendum est utrum littera sit in latino an in vulgari,
quod hoc modo scietur: consydera utrum dictiones littere proposite
habeant solum quinque terminationes diversas aut pauciores, vel plures:
si quidem fuerint solum quinque vel pauciores, estima quod littera illa
sit in vulgari: si vero fuerint plures quinque, estima quod littera
proposita sit in latino; et hoc quia omnes dictiones vulgares in
idiomate nostro terminantur in vocalem, et vocales sunt quinque, _a_,
_e_, _i_, _o_, _u_. Si vero dictiones littere proposite habuerint plures
terminationes quam quinque, estima quod littera proposita sit in latino;
et hoc quia dictiones latine seu litterales possunt terminari in
vocalem, semivocalem, scilicet _l_, _m_, _n_, _r_, _s_, _x_, et mutam,
scilicet _b_, _c_, _d_, _f_, _g_, _k_, _q_, _p_, _t_.

(2.) Alia regula, ad idem scilicet cognoscendum, utrum littera proposita
sit in vulgari vel in latino seu littera. Inspice litteram propositam
utrum in ea multiplicentur seu frequententur dictiones representate
solum per unam zifram; quia si sit, verisimile est litteram propositam
esse in vulgari; et hoc quia in vulgari dictiones representate per unam
zifram tantum multum frequentantur, sed in latino seu littera raro, cum
in latino non sint dictiones representate per unicam litteram vel zifram
nisi quatuor, scilicet _e_, _a_ propositiones, _o_ adverbium vocandi et
_i_ verbum imperativum: que dictiones monolittere raro ponuntur in
litteris preter _a_ prepositionem.

(3.) Item. Consydera litteram propositam si in ea multiplicantur et
frequentantur dictiones duarum vel trium litterarum vel zifrarum, et
tunc consydera quod littera proposita sit in vulgari; et hoc, quia
hujusmodi dictiones magis replicantur in vulgari quam in latino.

(4.) Posteaquam igitur per regulas premissas tibi paruerit quod littera
proposita fuerit in vulgari, vel quod fuerit in latino vel littera, si
fuerit in vulgari jam certus eris que zifre tibi representant vocales,
non terminate tamen sed confuse, et hoc quia zifre que sunt in fine
dictionum semper sunt vocales in idiomate totius Italie; cum autem tibi
note fuerint vocales per hunc modum nunc dictum, consydera que zifra ex
zifris repertis in fine dictionum frequentius repetitur in dictionibus
monosillabis et unius littere seu unius zifre tantum, quia possibile est
et satis verisimile quod talis zifra representet _e_; et hoc quia hoc
verbum est substantivum et per consequens _e_ multum frequentatur et
repetitur in litteris vulgaribus et similiter hec conjunctio copulativa
et per consequens _e_.

(5.) (Fol. 441 v^o.) Item. Multum consyderande sunt dictiones duarum
zifrarum tantum in litteris vulgaribus, quia multe ex eis incipiunt ab
_l_; et hoc propter articulos qui apponuntur nominibus appellativis,
utputa _lo_ et _la_ in singulari, et _li_ et _le_ in plurali.

(6.) Item. Consyderande sunt dictiones trium zifrarum tantum et si
aliqua talis sepe repetitur in littera proposita; et hoc quia hec dictio
_che_ sepe repetitur in litteris vulgaribus.

(7.) Si vero apparuerit tibi quod littera proposita sit in latino et non
in vulgari, tunc consydera zifras que sunt in fine dictionum et que ex
eis maxime repetuntur, quia verisimile est tales esse aut vocales, aut
_s_, aut _m_, aut _t_; et hoc quia maxima pars dictionum latinarum
desinunt aut in vocalem, aut in _s_, aut in _m_, aut in _t_, et pauce ex
ex (_sic_) eis finiunt in mutam preterquam in _t_, preter _ab_, _ad_ et
_quod_, que satis frequentantur in litteris.

(8.) Alia regula. Consydera litteram propositam, si in ea est aliqua
dictio representata per unicam zifram, et conjectura quod illa zifra sit
_a_, quia in litteris que sunt in latino raro contingunt dictiones unius
littere tantum preter _a_ prepositionem, ut supra dictum est.

(9.) Alia regula. Consydera zifras que sunt in fine dictionum, que, ut
dictum est, frequenter representant aliquam vocalium, aut _s_ et _m_,
aut _t_, et vide si aliquam ex eis inveneris in dictionibus unius aut
duarum zifrarum, quia si fuerit in dictione unius zifre, tunc talis
zifra representat unam vocalium, quia nulla dictio ideo nec syllaba
potest esse sine vocali, et illa vocalis erit aut _a_, aut _e_, aut _i_,
aut _o_; sed verisimilius est quod sit _a_ prepositio, ut dictum est
supra. Si vero fuerit in dictione duarum zifrarum, tunc discurre per
mentem tuam omnes dictiones duarum litterarum tantum et eas maxime que
ut frequenter occurrunt in litteris, sicut _et_, _ut_, _ad_, _si_, _me_,
_te_ et _se_. Et ut non te lateat, hic ponam omnes dictiones duarum
litterarum tantum vel maximam partem earum, et sunt: _ab_, _ac_, _ad_,
_an_ et _at_, _da_, _de_ et _do_, _ea_, _ei_, _eo_, _et_, _ex_ et _es_,
_he_, _hi_, _id_, _ii_, _in_, _ir_, _is_ et _it_, _me_, _mi_, _na_, _ne_
et _ni_, _ob_, _os_, _re_, _se_ et _si_, _tu_, _te_, _ve_, _vi_ et _ut_.

(10.) Alia regula. Consydera si in littera proposita sint dictiones
trium zifrarum tantum quarum prima sit eadem vel similis ultime, quia
forte talis dictio erit _non_, que sepe occurrit in litteris, aut _sis_
vel _ibi_; et tu discurre per alias dictiones trium litterarum quarum
prima sit similis ultime, sicut sunt: _ala_, _ama_, _ana_, _ara_, _ede_,
_eme_, _ere_, _che_, _ixi_, _ivi_.

(11.) (Fol. 442.) Alia regula. Consydera si in littera proposita sit
aliqua dictio vel dictiones in qua vel quibus sit aliqua zifra
triplicata absque intervallo, quia talis zifra representat _u_, ut
_mula_ (_sic_ pour _uvula_?).

(12.) Alia regula. Consydera si in littera proposita est aliqua zifra
geminata et maxime in dictionibus quatuorum (_sic_) zifrarum, quia
fortasse talis zifra representabit _l_ vel _s_ qui ut frequenter
geminantur, ut _esse_ et _ille_.

(13.) Alia regula et ultima, communis tam in litteris vulgaribus quam
latinis. Consydera si in littera proposita est aliqua zifra ad quam
semper et ubique sequatur una et eadem zifra, quia talis zifra
representat _q_, et alia sequens representat _u_, quia semper post _q_
sequitur _u_, et zifra que sequitur zifram representantem _u_ semper est
vocalis, quia semper post _q_ sequitur _u_, et post _u_ sequitur alia
vocalis.

Possunt tamen predicte regule decludi (_sic_) multipliciter, utputa
scribendo per zifras partim litteram in vulgari et partim in latino;
item interponendo et apponendo in littera zifras nullas litteras
representantes et maxime dictionibus unius vel duarum aut trium zifrarum
vel litterarum; item scribendo cum duobus alphabetis zifrarum omnino
diversis; item ponendo unam zifram solam loco _q_ et _u_.

(Extrait de la _Bibliothque de l'cole des chartes_, tome LI, 1890.)

Nogent-le-Rotrou, imprimerie DAUPELEY-GOUVERNEUR.





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