    The Project Gutenberg EBook of C.A. Coey's School of Motoring, 1424-26
    Michigan Ave. Chicago, by C. A. Coey

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
    other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
    whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
    the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
    www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
    to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

    Title: C.A. Coey's School of Motoring, 1424-26 Michigan Ave. Chicago

    Author: C. A. Coey

    Release Date: June 28, 2015 [EBook #49307]

    Language: English

    Character set encoding: UTF-8

    *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCHOOL OF MOTORING ***

    Produced by Charlene Taylor, Bryan Ness, Elisa and the
    Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
    (This file was produced from images generously made
    available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

# C. A. COEY'S SCHOOL OF MOTORING
1424-26 MICHIGAN AVE. CHICAGO

Our School is said to be the
Greatest and Most Complete

AUTO SCHOOL

in the World and the only one

ACTUALLY

BUILDING

AUTOMOBILES

Lessons Compiled by

C. A. COEY, President

COPYRIGHTED 1912

[2]

Two Prominent Auto Racers
BARNEY OLDFIELD to the left racing against C. A. COEY in Mr. Coey's famous Tornado on the St. Louis fair ground track. Mr. Oldfield won the race by the smallest margin that a motor car race was ever won, he being only six inches ahead at the finish.

[3]

## To the Prospective Student

If you are about to make your start in life, or not satisfied with your present line of work, or for the sake of your health are desirous of securing a change of employment which will take you out into the open air, it is worth your while to consider the matter of learning to be an expert automobile operator and to take up that line of work.

The great growth and development of the automobile and its use needs no comment. The compensation of the chauffeur is good and the demand for his services so steady, and the standing of the profession is so high now, that it is more and more attractive to that class of individuals who are able and willing to combine mechanical skill with intellectual effort.

It is for that class of men this course is intended and it is that class of men, who, by supplementing their natural mechanical genius with a little properly directed mental work, can qualify themselves to secure well paid positions, such as, to the proper persons, are certain to prove stepping stones to greater advancement.

The great number of chauffeurs who enjoy the esteem and confidence of their wealthy employers is well known, and we could enumerate hundreds who have started in business for themselves and who are on the road to wealth through the assistance of their employer.

[4]

## The Object of Our School

The object of our School is to prepare young men throughout the country to become expert chauffeurs, repairmen, demonstrators, salesmen, garage managers, etc.

Our president, Mr. C. A. Coey, has been in the automobile business for twelve years, and he is one of the most prominent automobile men in America today.

During this time he has sold thousands of automobiles, and his customers can be found in every state in the Union. He found that the only way he could supply the demands of the automobile dealers and manufacturers throughout the country, was to open a school of motoring, and it is for this reason that C. A. COEY'S SCHOOL OF MOTORING was started.

Mr. Coey commenced as a small farmer boy himself, and he knows that the country boys are even more ambitious than those in the city, but they do not have the opportunities like the city boys. And because he knew that there were plenty of such young men all over the country, who would be able to fill just such positions, if they could but prepare themselves, and at the same time to supply the demand from his customers throughout the country for good honest young men he founded this School.

[5]

## A Word About our President
Mr. C. A. Coey

Mr. Coey has been prominently identified with the automobile business in Chicago from its inception, in fact, he is the pioneer automobile man of Chicago.

He constructed the first building ever erected in America for an automobile garage, which is now standing at the corner of Cottage Grove Avenue and 53rd St., Chicago, Illinois.

The first building erected for an Automobile Garage—built by C. A. Coey.

He placed the first taxicabs on the streets of Chicago and now owns the best in the city.

The first taxicab seen in Chicago—C. A. Coey, owner.

He is one of the few who made a success of the automobile livery business, beginning with one car and increasing to fifty. Commencing with practically nothing, he built up not only the largest automobile livery business in the country, but also the largest automobile sales business in America. The companies bearing his name now maintain a large garage and salesroom.

[6]

Mr. Coey is intimately connected with some of the foremost men of this country and is well known as an automobile manufacturer and dealer throughout the country, and a DIPLOMA with his name signed to it is the best thing you can have when looking for any kind of employment in the automobile industry.

He has secured more good paying positions for his students and friends than all other auto schools in America combined, because he is so well known.

At the left—C. A. Coey, next to him—Charles Bonaparte, grandson of the late Napoleon the Great.
Ex-Vice-President Fairbanks, C. A. Coey, and Judge Hanecy.
C. A. Coey, at the left, and U. S. Senator "Pitchfork" Tillman.

[7]

William Hoppe, the world's champion billiardist, in the front seat with C. A. Coey at the wheel.
C. A. Coey at the wheel and Rube Waddell, the famous ball player, by his side.
Packy McFarland, Chicago's star boxer, in one of Mr. Coey's machines.
Charles J. Glidden in his rail riding automobile and C. A. Coey in the rear to the right.

[8]

Mr. Coey has won more twenty-four hour races than any other man living and holds the world's record for twenty-four hours for a one-man driver, covering 990 miles without a minute's rest.

Start of the 24 hour race at Chicago—won by C. A. Coey.
As seen on the back stretch of the 24 hour race—C. A. Coey passing other contestants.
The Finish—C. A. Coey at the wheel. The Winner.

[9]

C. A. Coey, in balloon costume—ready for a trip to Cloudland.

Mr. Coey has also been widely known throughout the country in connection with ballooning, and he holds the world's speed record, having covered six hundred and seven miles in ten hours and fifty-five minutes, ascending at Quincy, Illinois, on the 2nd day of June, 1907, in the evening and sailing through the clouds all night, through thunder storms, and making a landing at Clear Lake, South Dakota, at five A. M. the next day.

The next morning on the way to the Railroad Station with Balloon and Basket.
The landing he made in a tree top in Illinois.
The mammoth balloon "Chicago," the largest in the world—owned by C. A. Coey.

On the flight from Chicago on the 4th of July, 1908, at the meeting of the Aeronautique Club of Chicago, of which Mr. Coey was president, he crossed the Great Lake, landing in West Monkton, Canada, covering a distance of five hundred and fifty-six miles, having made the flight in a single night in his balloon, "Chicago," the largest balloon in the World. In this trip he sailed over seventy-five miles of water.

[10]

Barney Oldfield, Jerry Eller and C. A. Coey in Mr. Coey's racing car.
C. A. Coey's first six cylinder racing car, with which C. A. Coey gave Barney Oldfield close shaves on several occasions.

[11]

Mr. Coey's mother and sister watching him fly away.
Giving the girls who brought him his breakfast a ride.
C. A. Coey up in Cloudland.
How the earth looks from one mile high—taken by C. A. Coey.
How the clouds look from above—taken by C. A. Coey.
Bowling Green, Ky., taken by C. A. Coey at an altitude of 10,000 feet.
C. A. Coey after coming to earth for breakfast.

[12]

The basket of the Giant Balloon "Chicago" owned by C. A. Coey.
The way Mr. Coey sometimes landed—taken in California.
Barney Oldfield and C. A. Coey going for a balloon ride. Mr. Oldfield's first and last trip.

[13]

C. A. Coey and Frank Gotch, winner of first prize in Decorated Car parade.
A few cups won by C. A. Coey.
C. A. Coey's car winner of first prize in Floral parade.

[14]

Mr. Coey is President of the following Corporations:

- COEY-MITCHELL AUTOMOBILE COMPANY,
- - Capital $250,000.00
- AMERICAN TRAVELER COEY COMPANY,
- - Capital $100,000.00
- C. A. COEY'S SCHOOL OF MOTORING,
- - Capital $50,000.00

And a member of the following clubs:

- Chicago Automobile Club (life member)
- Illinois Athletic Club (life member)
- South Shore Country Club
- Chicago Motor Club
- Chicago Auto Trade Association
- Chicago Commercial Association

[15]

## Our Correspondence Course

For the benefit of those who cannot spare the time to come to our School, we have compiled a correspondence course, in which we will guarantee to teach you how to run, repair and demonstrate any automobile in ten weeks.

This course consists of ten lessons all written plainly and in such an intelligent manner, that anyone who can read and write can master any automobile.

They lead you step by step, on and on until you have reached the end, and then you will be surprised at your own knowledge of an automobile.

We send you one lesson at a time, and as soon as you have answered all of the questions contained on the last page of the book correctly, we will send you the next lesson, and so on, until you have received the ten lessons. Some can master two and three a week—it all depends upon the person.

We assist backward students by giving more time to them and answering any questions they wish to ask, as we desire above everything else to make every student a first class high grade automobile man, an honor to our School and a help to us and our customers.

The cost of our correspondence course is $15.00. If, after you have finished our correspondence course, you wish to learn the manufacture of a motor car, you can come to our factory, and we will give you our practical course at our regular rates and deduct the amount you have paid for the correspondence course.

Many who have decided to come to our factory and take our practical course wait until they have finished the correspondence course, where in the quiet of their homes they can get the principles fixed in their minds, and then when they come to our School they are ready for business.

[16]

## Description of the Ten Lessons

Introduction—The method the students should employ in studying our course.

Lesson One—The Engine—automobile engines in general; the four cycle engine, chart and working model of same; parts of an automobile engine, what they are made of and their uses; the two cycle motor and how it differs from others.

Lesson Two—Cooling systems of Automobiles—cooling the engine by water; the pump, showing different types; gravity circulation; fans; air cooled motors; causes of troubles and remedies for them; the carburetor, automatic and mechanical, charts of different standard makes.

Lesson Three—Ignition—different systems of; different currents used; the storage battery; dry cells; spark plugs; adjustment of spark coils; low and high tension magnetos; different systems of wiring ignition batteries; troubles and their remedies; charts and devices for standard ignition systems.

Lesson Four—Transmissions—different types of, planetary, friction, sliding gear; bearings used on transmissions, how to adjust them; shifting levers and quadrants.

Lesson Five—Clutches—internal and external cone clutch band and drum clutch, expanding ring clutch, multiple disc clutch; clutch coupling devices.

Lesson Six—Operation—how to drive a car; hints on saving transmission wear; things to be remembered when starting a car; emergency brake and its use; throttle control.

Lesson Seven—Tires—pneumatic and solid, cause of unnecessary wear; the puncture and how to repair it; pinching innertubes, rim cutting, and prevention for same; how to determine the proper size tire for car.

Lesson Eight—Driving—in the city; rules of the road; car signals.

Lesson Nine—The care of a car—how to detect troubles and how to prevent and remedy same.

Lesson Ten—Overhauling—the method used in taking a machine apart and putting same together; things to do and things not to do.

[17]

## Ten Weeks Sufficient

There is no reason why one cannot finish our course in the allotted time of ten weeks, but no charge will be made if more time is required, as we desire above everything to give you such a course that your efficiency will make your work a pleasure.

Your work can be done as well thousands of miles away as if you were on the ground at our School.

If you contemplate purchasing a machine, you could not do better than to first take our course, when you will be able to judge better on your own account precisely what style of machine is peculiarly adapted to your needs and your particular section of the country.

We can be of great service to you in choosing a machine. Some machines are better adapted to certain localities than others; for instance, a hilly or sandy country requires a low geared, light weight, high powered machine, and you can rest assured on getting our unbiased opinion.

Our course has been taken by many ladies who own or contemplate owning a machine, and they are among those who are most emphatic in praising our method of teaching.

Scene of a bull fight taken by C. A. Coey.

[18]

## Remember

It is a nice thing to understand a motor, whether you ever intend to drive one or not.

No one should purchase an automobile without first taking our course.

The man who buys a motor car without first learning one will live to regret the day.

Astonishing, but nevertheless true, not one-half of the machines manufactured are fit to be placed on the market. Do you know the reason why?

Never buy a car with the weak point, every other car has it, take our course and be able to select the right one.

Motoring is easy and pleasant, if you are its master, but if you are not, you had better stay at home.

Whether you spend most of your time under the car or on the car, depends on whether or not you understand it.

A thousand things can happen to a motor, any one of which is easily remedied if you know where to begin.

A Diploma is valuable when backed by one who is prominent in the automobile world, and with a COEY DIPLOMA at your back, you are independent for life.

[19]

## Our Practical Course

There is, perhaps, no place in this wide world where the student can get such thorough training as at our factory. We are the only ones in this country who have a factory where up-to-date automobiles are actually built by students.

A few of our students getting actual experience.
Each student works alone—showing the separate apartments.

The average practical automobile school, and we might say every last one of them, instruct their students on old, worn-out, out-of-date machines, which are ready for the junk pile, and what they learn on those old relics will do them no good, in fact, they might better have taken no schooling at all, as such work only tends to confuse and mislead them. For if a person once learns to do a thing the wrong way, he usually keeps on doing it and it is hard to get out of the habit. And that is the reason why our students have been successful in filling fine, easy, and well paying positions, because they are instructed on up-to-date machines in an up-to-date manner.

A view of our lecture room.
A corner in our machine shop.

[20]

In our factory we teach a student the art of automobile building, and teach him to drive the machine he himself has helped to build.

A few of our students out driving in a car they helped to build.

He takes it from the ground up, under the very best trained and skilled mechanics and instructors in America, and when he has finished he can command big wages.

One of our cars which students are instructed to operate.

It requires from three to eight weeks to go through our factory, all depending on the aptness of the student. We try to get our students through as quickly as possible, but we will not issue a Diploma until in our estimation he is qualified to fill any position in connection with an automobile.

A Chauffeur's picnic with C. A. Coey's colored mascot in the foreground.

[21]

Since you have decided to take up the automobile business, the question naturally arises, "Where can I learn it the best? and after I have learned it, which school is in better shape to help me to get a good paying position?"

Any school will tell you they will assist you, but what does that mean? It means simply nothing at all because there is nothing behind it. Assistance will do you no good unless you get the position.

The President of the United States could give you any kind of a position you could ask for, because he has the influence, so could the Governor of your state—influence is what counts. You stand a far better chance of getting a good paying position through our School—yes, ten to one, better than in any other school in the world.

Anyone with ordinary intelligence can write a book on automobile instruction—anyone can run an advertisement in the paper and get replies, and send out glowing literature, and get letters from prominent automobile men and dealers and manufacturers, but when it comes to getting you a position that is where they are weak.

A view of Mr. Coey's automobile salesroom, where students get actual experience selling new cars.
C. A. Coey in his private office, the finest on "Automobile Row."

[22]

We could name one auto school owner in the middle West and one in the East, who were never in the automobile business, and who do not even now own one. They send out glowing advertisements and secure letters from auto manufacturers and dealers to help them get started, but if you can find where a single person has ever secured a position through these letters or through their influence, excepting a few whom they have paid themselves in order to get some recommendations, we will send you our course free.

Do you know that Mr. Coey is the only one of any importance in the automobile world whatsoever who is connected with an automobile school? Do you know that he is the only one who is engaged in handling high grade motor cars? And last but not least, not another person in the world running an automobile school has any connection with an automobile factory. So what does it mean?

Just this—that instead of a few ex-chauffeurs or ex-clerks banding together and calling themselves an auto school, we have as our head a real automobile man, one with vast interests and prominently connected in many branches of the business, and one who can secure you a position.

Send your application in today and commence at once.

Yours for success,

C. A. COEY'S SCHOOL OF MOTORING,

1424-26 Michigan Avenue. | Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A.

[23]

## Our Diploma

There is no better recommendation for anyone than a Diploma from C. A. COEY'S SCHOOL OF MOTORING, which stands the country over for SUCCESS.

It is one thing to learn the automobile business, but quite another to get profitable employment. Forty diplomas will not help you unless the School is backed by someone well-known in the automobile world.

It is not our policy to get your money and then rush you through. We are interested in you from the time you start until long after you have finished. We cannot conduct our business throughout the country without you, so we must train you right.

The thousands of automobiles which Mr. Coey sold during the past ten years all need drivers, and our customers and agents in every territory look to us to keep them supplied.

This is the thing that will insure you a job at any time and at any place.

[24]

## Employment Department

This department is maintained for the exclusive use of our students free of charge. We supply first class help for positions as:

Chauffeurs,

Racers,

Auto Salesmen,

Demonstrators,

Garage Managers,

Assemblers for factories,

And all branches of the automobile business.

One of Mr. Coey's drivers on one of his taxicabs, who made $105.55 in one week.

## Terms of Tuition

While our course is the most complete and thorough, yet our rates have been kept as low as possible. As we figure we might better have students in all walks of life, we have placed the price within reach of all. It is, however, subject to a raise without notice.

(For rates see our Application Blank)

[25]

## City Examinations

After you have spent your time in an Auto School then comes the city examination, which, if you do not pass, you might as well not have wasted your time. Do you know that over one-half who, after they have secured their diploma, are not able to pass the examinations for a City License? Well, it is true. But not a single one of OUR students has ever failed to pass the examinations and secure a chauffeur's license.

The City Mechanician of Chicago, Mr. H. L. Hudson, who decides whether or not you are entitled to a license, commenced with Mr. Coey in the automobile business in 1900. He was Mr. Coey's private mechanician on his racing cars. Mr. Hudson is an automobile expert and that is the reason he holds a fine city position. He recently inspected our School, and this is what he said:

"I wish to compliment you on the method you employ in your School of Motoring. The many years I spent as mechanician on your private racing cars certainly furnished us both information of a definite character, which is necessary for a man holding such an important position as Automobile School Instructor and Examiner of the Board of Public Motor Vehicle Register of the City of Chicago.

You seem to have the proper system and your vast experience with chauffeurs in the ten years past fits you, as no one else is fitted, for a competent instructor. I believe you are on the right track and wish you success.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) H. L. HUDSON,

City Mechanician."

The following is what the Chicago Examiner has to say about our School. (This article appeared without our knowledge and shows our standing in the City of Chicago, which assures you of a square deal.)

"SCHOOL IS OPENED TO INSTRUCT AUTO DRIVERS."

"A motoring school for the purpose of instructing persons in the running of automobiles has just been opened by C. A. Coey. This school will be of national scope and owing to the fact that Chicago is centrally located and the great railroad and mail distributing center, it will enable persons desirous of availing themselves of the benefits of institutions of this sort, to be in direct communication with instructors. Mr. Coey is nationally recognized as one of America's pioneer motorists and he realizes, as do the manufacturers, that the failure of so many automobiles to perform their proper functions and the occurrence of so great a number of accidents are due to the inefficiency of persons handling them."

[26]

A clipping from the Chicago Journal reads as follows:

"Charles A. Coey is one of the pioneer automobile men of Chicago. He entered the business in 1900 and conducted a motor livery until 1902, when he became Chicago agent for the Thomas Flyer. He handled the Thomas line from 1902 until 1909, when he gave up the selling end to devote all his attention to his taxicab business. Last year he became Chicago agent for the American car, which he is handling under a ten-year contract. He is president of a company which is manufacturing the Coey Flyer in Chicago. Mr. Coey is well-known as an automobile racing driver and aeronaut. He won the Chicago Automobile Club's twenty-four-hour race at Harlem several years ago. He has made many long-distance flights in balloons."

And the Live Stock Magazine has this to say:

"Perhaps the oldest and most prominent person in the automobile business in Chicago is C. A. Coey, the pioneer automobile dealer. Mr. Coey started an automobile school in 1901 at 5311 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, and it was there that the first building ever erected for an Automobile Livery was built. While Mr. Coey did not at that time advertise his School of Motoring, yet he started on an extensive business in this line, and it was said that over one thousand are now holding good, steady, well-paying jobs, and drawing salaries up to $75 a week. Mr. Coey's system is different from the rest, as he believes that a student can learn the foundation principles in the quiet of his home, and then after he has mastered the principles he is given a practical road course. We recommend this School as a reliable institution."

[27]

## How to get an Automobile Absolutely Free

As we told you in another part of this book—WE ARE BUILDING AUTOMOBILES—a machine of the highest quality and the very latest design, the specifications of which can be found on the last page of this book.

### AGENTS WANTED

We desire agents in every county in the United States and to those who take our course, either the correspondence or the practical course, we make this offer:

First, as soon as you have commenced to take our course we give you the right to sell the COEY FLYER, and for every one you sell, we will send you $200.00 in gold, and then after you have sold ten machines, we will send you one ABSOLUTELY FREE, and prepay the freight on same to any part of the United States, so that it is delivered to you free from all cost.

We will extend this offer to no one who has not taken a course in our School of Motoring, for we know that after you have taken this course, you are capable of operating ANY MACHINE without any trouble, and it will be an advertisement for our School as well as for our machine.

### EVERY STUDENT MADE AN AGENT

Second, as soon as you have commenced to take our course, we will send you a quantity of circulars and a large poster which you can hang in some conspicuous place, with your name in bold type at the bottom, showing you as our agent.

### NOW GET BUSY!

The Automobile business has come to stay and there will be many machines sold in the next few months to people that you already know, and if you let them know that you are our agent, they will be glad to buy from you, as they will readily see that you can be of great help to them when they commence to learn to run their machine, and they can buy from you as cheaply as if they had come to Chicago and bought direct from us.

[28]

We would suggest that in order to get a Coey Flyer in your locality at once, that you go to someone whom you know is going to buy a machine and tell him that if he will allow you to use his automobile occasionally you will give him your commission, and if he knows that he can save $200, he will be glad to do it.

Three-quarter view of the Coey Flyer.
Rear view of the Coey Flyer.
Front view of the Coey Flyer.

This is the grandest offer ever made by anyone, and those who take advantage of it will thank us a thousand times. Just think—a chance to get rich for only $15.00. Have you ever had such an offer?

[29]

## Specifications of the Coey Flyer

- Motor—Bore, 4-inch; Stroke, 5-inch; Cylinders, 6; T-Head, grouped in triplets; Crank Shaft, 2 inch; 3 large bearings.
- Valves—Opposite sides.
- Oiling—Mechanical pump.
- Cooling—Water—force pump.
- Radiator—Honeycomb.
- Fan—Driven by belt.
- Ignition—High tension. Bosch.
- Control—Hand and Foot.
- Carbureter—Schebler Model L.
- Fuel Feed—Pressure from exhaust.
- Clutch—39 disc—polished saw metal.
- Transmission—Three speed forward, one reverse; Selective, on rear axle.
- Ratio—Three and one-fifth to one.
- Rear Axle—Semi-floating (The Stutz). We use the axle designed for a 7-passenger car.
- Starter—We furnish Presto Self Starter for $25 extra.
- Depth of Rear Cushion—20 inches.
- Width of Rear Cushion—43 inches.
- Distance from Back of Front Seat to Rack of Rear Seat—48 inches.
- Front Axle—I-Beam.
- Wheel Base—124 inches.
- Tread—56 inches.
- Tires—36x4 all around.
- Rims—Quick demountable; Baker bolted on.
- Springs—Front, semi-elliptic, 41 inches long.
- Springs—Rear, three-quarter elliptic, 40 inches long.
- Brakes—Foot and Emergency; both internal expanding. Diameter of drum, 14 inches; width, 4½ inches.
- Frame—Chrome nickel steel, 4-inch Kickup.
- Equipment—Top, Front Glass, Curtains, 5 Lamps, Prest-o-lite Tank, Tools, Jack, Pump.
- Weight—2,730 pounds (with tanks empty).
- Speed—2 to 68 on high gear.
- Colors—Bottle Green, Golden Brown, Coey White. Other colors no extra charge, but a delay of 30 days may be necessary.

[30]

Now, in conclusion, Mr. Reader—above all, do not hesitate but start today.

If not with us, then with some other School, for with them you can learn something about this mammoth rapid-growing, health-giving business.

Now is the time to act—send us your application today.

Yours for success,

C. A. COEY'S SCHOOL OF MOTORING,

1424-26 Michigan Avenue. | Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A.

HAMMOND PRESS
W. B. CONKEY COMPANY
CHICAGO

Transcriber's Notes:

- Obvious printing mistakes have been corrected.
- Page 24, "recommnedations" changed to "recommendations."

    End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of C.A. Coey's School of Motoring,
    1424-26 Michigan Ave. Chicago, by C. A. Coey

    *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCHOOL OF MOTORING ***

    ***** This file should be named 49307-h.htm or 49307-h.zip *****
    This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
            http://www.gutenberg.org/4/9/3/0/49307/

    Produced by Charlene Taylor, Bryan Ness, Elisa and the
    Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
    (This file was produced from images generously made
    available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

    Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will
    be renamed.

    Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
    law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
    so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
    States without permission and without paying copyright
    royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part
    of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
    concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
    and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive
    specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
    eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
    for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
    performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given
    away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks
    not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the
    trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

    START: FULL LICENSE

    THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
    PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

    To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
    distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
    (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
    Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
    Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
    www.gutenberg.org/license.

    Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic works

    1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
    and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
    (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
    the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
    destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your
    possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
    Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound
    by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the
    person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph
    1.E.8.

    1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
    used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
    agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
    things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
    even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
    paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this
    agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

    1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the
    Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
    of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual
    works in the collection are in the public domain in the United
    States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the
    United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
    claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
    displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
    all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
    that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting
    free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm
    works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the
    Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily
    comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
    same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when
    you share it without charge with others.

    1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
    what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
    in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
    check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
    agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
    distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
    other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no
    representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
    country outside the United States.

    1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

    1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other
    immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear
    prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work
    on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the
    phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed,
    performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

      This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
      most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
      restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
      under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
      eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
      United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you
      are located before using this ebook.

    1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is
    derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
    contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
    copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in
    the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
    redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project
    Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply
    either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or
    obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm
    trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

    1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
    with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
    must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
    additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
    will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works
    posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the
    beginning of this work.

    1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
    License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
    work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

    1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
    electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
    prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
    active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
    Gutenberg-tm License.

    1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
    compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
    any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
    to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format
    other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official
    version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site
    (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
    to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
    of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain
    Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the
    full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

    1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
    performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
    unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

    1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
    access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
    provided that

    * You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
      the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
      you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
      to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has
      agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
      Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
      within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
      legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
      payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
      Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
      Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
      Literary Archive Foundation."

    * You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
      you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
      does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
      License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
      copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue
      all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm
      works.

    * You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
      any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
      electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
      receipt of the work.

    * You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
      distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

    1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than
    are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing
    from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The
    Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm
    trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

    1.F.

    1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
    effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
    works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
    Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
    contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate
    or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
    intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
    other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
    cannot be read by your equipment.

    1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
    of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
    Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
    Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
    liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
    fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
    LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
    PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
    TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
    LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
    INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    DAMAGE.

    1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
    defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
    receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
    written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
    received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
    with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
    with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in
    lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person
    or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
    opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If
    the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing
    without further opportunities to fix the problem.

    1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
    in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO
    OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
    LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

    1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
    warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
    damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement
    violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the
    agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or
    limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or
    unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the
    remaining provisions.

    1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
    trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
    providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in
    accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the
    production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
    including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of
    the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this
    or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or
    additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any
    Defect you cause.

    Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

    Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
    electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
    computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
    exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
    from people in all walks of life.

    Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
    assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
    goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
    remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
    Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
    and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future
    generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
    Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see
    Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
    www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg
    Literary Archive Foundation

    The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
    501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
    state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
    Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
    number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary
    Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by
    U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

    The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the
    mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its
    volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous
    locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
    Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to
    date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and
    official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

    For additional contact information:

        Dr. Gregory B. Newby
        Chief Executive and Director
        gbnewby@pglaf.org

    Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
    Literary Archive Foundation

    Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
    spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
    increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
    freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
    array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
    ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
    status with the IRS.

    The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
    charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
    States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
    considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
    with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
    where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
    DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
    state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate

    While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
    have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
    against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
    approach us with offers to donate.

    International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
    any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
    outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

    Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
    methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
    ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
    donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate

    Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works.

    Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
    Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be
    freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
    distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of
    volunteer support.

    Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
    editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
    the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
    necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
    edition.

    Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search
    facility: www.gutenberg.org

    This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
    including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
    Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
    subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.